Kwimbali yengcamango yomntu igama elithi dualism lithetha ezininzi. Isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi: ingqondo, ifilosofi, inkolo, njl. Ngokomxholo jikelele, le yimfundiso eyaziwa ngokubambisana, ukuqala okungafaniyo, iziqalo.
Yiyiphi into yobunzima?
Ngomlinganiselo obanzi, ubuqhetseba kubumbano lwemiqathango emibini eyahlukeneyo, iimbono zehlabathi , iimfuno kunye nezinye iindawo zobomi. Igama elivela kwisiLatini elithi dualis - "ombini", lusetyenziswa kuqala kwinkulungwane ye-16 kwaye luhlobene nenkcaso yonqulo yezinto ezilungileyo nokubi. USathana kunye neNkosi, kunye neembono zehlabathi ezibonakalayo, zathi zilingana kwaye ziphakade. Umgaqo oyintloko wobuqhetseba awusebenzi kuphela kwinkolo, kubandakanya ukuvuma ukuba kukho izinto ezimbini ezichaseneyo. Zinezinto ezilandelayo:
- kuphuma kummandla omnye;
- dlu lanisa;
- cha phazela,
- Musa ukutshintsha isakhiwo.
Ukuxhatshazwa kweentlanga kwi-Philosophy
Ukuxhatshazwa kweentlobo ngefilosofi yimbali ebalulekileyo esekelwe kwingcamango yobumbano bonke abantu. Ekuqondeni abantu okanye ngokwemithetho yomzimba, yonke into ehlabathini iphikisana. Ifilosofi yayiyintsimi yokuqala eyabona "ubumbano" kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Izinto ezifunekayo ukuze kuvele le ngcamango ingathathwa njengengcaciso yeeplato ezimbini zehlabathi-ingqiqo kunye neengcamango. Abalandeli beengcinga zakudala babiza "ukuchasana" kwabo:
- R. Descartes wayengomnye wabalandeli abadumileyo kwi-dualistic position. Ukuba ulwahlula ekucingeni nasekwandiswe.
- Usosayensi waseJamani uHolf wachaza abantu beengcali njengoko abantu bevuma ukuba kukho izinto ezimbini: izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokomoya.
- Umlandeli wakhe uM. Mendelssohn wabiza umqobo kunye nokomoya.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwintsapho
Inkolo ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba kukho imigaqo emibini elinganayo, ijikeleza yonke into. Umoya okhohlakeleyo uhlala uxhathisa noThixo, kwaye balingana namalungelo. Ubuninzi bezenkolo buya kulandelwa kwiinkonzo zamandulo kunye neenkolelo zenkcubeko:
- I-Zoroastrianism yasePersia yakudala-inkolo yokuzikhethela ngokuzikhethela;
- imfundiso yaseTshayina yeYin neYang ;
- UbuKristu (ukumelana noMtyholi kunye neNkosi);
- ezinye iindawo zamachule;
- UbuYuda kunye nenkolelo yayo kwiinkampani zamademoni;
- Umbono wamaSulumane wehlabathi "njengendlu kaThixo" kunye "nekhaya lokulwa", njl njl.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu - Iingqondo
Kwiminyaka emininzi, isayensi yengqondo iqwalasela ukusebenzisana kwengqondo yomntu kunye nomzimba wakhe. Iingxabano azipheli namhlanje. Ngako oko, ubuqhetseba buhlala njalo kwiengqondo. Imfundiso yakhiwa ngokuchasene nokuqonda kunye nengqondo, ekhona ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye ihluke kunye ne-monism-imbono yobunye bomphefumlo nomzimba. Iingcamango ze-Descartes zezinto ezimbini ezilinganayo zanikezela kwingcamango ye-psychophysical parallelism kunye nophuhliso lwezesayikholo njengezenzululwazi ezizimeleyo.
Dualism - Socionics
Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, isifo sengqondo seSwitzerland uCarl Jung sazisa ingqiqo "yemisebenzi yengqondo" kwiingqondo. Ezi ziyimpawu zenkqubo nganye, ezixhomekeke kumhlobo wobuntu, zikhokelela kumntu. Ubungqina bendalo bukaJung kukuba bonke abantu, ngokukodwa ukudala, bubumbano-ukuhlanganiswa kweepropati ze-paradoxical, kodwa ezi zinto zilandelayo zisebenza ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko:
- kucinga;
- uziva;
- uvakalelo;
- intuition.
Kwiimfundiso zesifo sengqondo, imigaqo "yobuninzi" ichazwa ngendlela enomdla, kwaye iinjongo zobuntu ezivela kuzo zibizwa ngokuba yizentlalo. Iingcali zenzululwazi zijonga ingcamango "yobudlelwane bobudlelane", apho abo babini abalingani bathwala iindidi zobuntu. Oku kunokuba ngumtshato, ubuhlobo kunye nabanye ubudlelwane. Omnye obabini unxulumene nengqondo kunye nolunye, ubudlelwane babo buhle.
Ukuhlukana - "ngenxa" kunye "nokuchasene"
Njengazo nayiphi na imfundiso, ubuqhetseba banabalandeli kunye nabachasi abangayamkeliyo kwaye bayayichasa le ngqungquthela, ngokukodwa ukusuka kwingcamango yobuntu. Ekukhuseleni banikwa iingcamango ngomphefumlo, owathi emva kokufa komzimba, ufumana yonke into ehlabathini. Kwakhona, iingxabano ekuthandweni kweengcamango zingabonakaliswa ngento ethile kunye neemeko ezinokuthi zichazwe kuphela ngumntu ongasemhlabeni wengqondo yomntu. Ukugxekwa kobuthathaka kuboniswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ukulula kombuzo obhaliweyo kunye nezigwebo malunga nomoya nomzimba. Abaziphathekayo bakholelwa kuphela kwizinto abazibonayo.
- Ukungabikho kwengcaciso kunye nobungqina.
- Ukuxhomekeka ngokunyamekela kwamandla engqondo kumsebenzi wengqondo.
Ukuze uqonde ihlabathi, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba neendawo ezininzi ezahlukileyo, zidibene ngokubanzi. Kodwa ukuqatshelwa kobuntu bezinto ezithile kwindalo yonke kunengqiqo. Amacandelo amabini omntu oyedwa - okuhle nokubi, indoda kunye nowesifazane, ingqondo kunye nomcimbi, ukukhanya kunye nobumnyama - yinxalenye yonke. Abachasani, kodwa bayaphikisana kwaye bancedisana.