Ingqondo yeengqondo yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zengqondo yesayensi. Ukuba sithetha ngokuguqulelwa kwegama eliqhelekileyo, lithetha "ingqiqo". Kwavela kwiminyaka engama-60 ye-XX yekhulu lama-2000 e-USA kwaye yenza njengento eyahlukileyo yokuziphatha.
Isikhokelo sokuqonda sicinga indlela umntu afumana ngayo, uqonda ulwazi malunga nehlabathi elikujikelezayo, njengoko kubonakala kuye, ligcinwe kwimemori yakhe, litshintshelwe ngolwazi kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukuba izakhono ezifunyenweyo kwi-psychology yakhe zichaphazela njani ukuziphatha komntu, ingqwalasela. Olu lathiso luquka iinkqubo ezininzi ezinengqiqo: ukuqala ngokuziva, ukuqonda imifanekiso ejikelezayo ngamnye kunye nokuphela kwememori, ukudala ukucinga, ukumela okuthile.
I-Revolution ye-Psychology yangaphandle
Ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba ngulo, kunoko olutsha, ulwalathiso lwengqondo. Kukho iingqinisiso ezinzima kule nto. Ngoko, ukususela kuma-20-ye-XX yekhulu le-XX, abambalwa bezenzululwazi zengcali zenzululwazi bafunda ukucinga, ukucinga, ukumela, njl. Iingcali zengqondo zeUnited States ngelo xesha zilibale ngalo. Ngaloo ndlela, umsunguli we-behaviorism Watson wabona ukuba akufanelekanga ukusebenzisa imimiselo engentla, kunye nabameli be-psychoanalysis babandakanyeka ekuphandleni iimfuno, izizathu, izilwanyana zomntu. Ngenxa yoko, abaphandi abaninzi bathatha ukubonakala kwesebe elitsha kwizengqondo, benentshiseko enkulu kunye nomdla, okwabangele ukwandisa ekufumaneni kule ndawo.
Izinto ezisisiseko zeCognitive Psychology
Ziye zaphuhliswa yi-American psychologist Bek, umququzeleli weziko leCognitive Psychotherapy, eliseYunivesithi yasePennsylvania. Kucingelwa ukuba olu lathiso lubona umntu njengenkqubo eqhuba ngokufuna ulwazi oluqhubekayo malunga nazo zonke ezo zihloko, iziganeko ezenza ihlabathi elijikelezile. Ulwazi olufunyenwe ngumntu ngamnye luqhutyelwa inyathelo ngesinyathelo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula (ukuqwalasela, ukuphindaphinda nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha efunyenweyo kwingqondo yabo).
Imemori kwiScience Psychology
Imemori yabantu ifaniswa nememori yekhompyutha. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uphando lwakhe luye lwaveza iziphumo ezingaphezulu kweeminyaka emininzi kunexesha elidlulileyo ngaphambi kweli xesha. Ngokumalunga nalokhu, "isalathisi sekhompyutheni" samkelwa, esenza iipropati ezinxulumene phakathi kwememori yomntu kunye nekhompyutheni. Ngoko, imemori, kunye nokucinga kwengqondo yengqondo, ibonwa njengento ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yonke yokucwangcisa nayiphi na ingcaciso. I-Cognitivists ibeke umgomo wokufunda indlela le nkcazelo, efunyenwe ngayo kwimemoridi ye-episodic, ingena ngolwazi oluyisiseko.
Isazi seengqondo saseMerika uNaisser wayekholelwa ukuba imemori yokukhumbula (ihlala imizuzwana engama-25 kwaye imela ukugcinwa kwemifanekiso efunyenwe ngendlela yeempembelelo zengqondo) kuqala iqhutyelwa kwiindidi zeemitha zomnxeba.
I-Psychology ye-Humanistic neCognitive
I-Humanistic, njengengqondo yengqondo, ivele, ngokuchasene neemfundiso zokuziphatha kunye ne-psychoanalysis. Isihloko sophando lwayo ngumntu onokwenza impilo enomgomo wakhe wokuzimela. Ummeli ocacileyo walo mkhuba nguMaslow. Wayekholelwa ukuba umthombo oyintloko wemisebenzi yomntu ngamnye ngumnqweno wakhe oqhubekayo wokuzibonakalisa.