Iimbali zamandulo zamaGrisi zikhanya kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba oothixo abaninzi noothixokazi abamele kuyo. Omnye wabameli abangabonakaliyo unkulunkulukazi omhle wase-Athena Pallada. Uyise, akekho omnye uothixo omkhulu uZeus, inkosi yamazulu. Ngokubaluleka kwayo, i-Athena ayikho ngaphantsi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iphakame kunoyise onamandla. Igama lakhe lingafihlwanga egameni lesixeko saseGrisi - eAthene.
Ngubani u Athena?
Ukubonakala kwe-Athena kufakwe kwiimfihlelo, kwimbhalo yomthombo wasendulo we "Theogony" kulandela ukuba uZeus wafunda: umfazi wakhe ohlakaniphile uMetida kufuneka abele intombi nentombi enkulu. Umlawuli akazange afune ukunika iintolo zakhe kunoma ubani, kwaye wagwinya umfazi wakhe okhulelweyo. Kamva, xa wayeziva enesifo esinamandla, uZeus wabuza uThixo kaHephaestus ukuba ambethele ngesando phezu kwentloko - ngoko u-dikazikazi wemfazwe nobulumko wayebonakala kuyo yonke ingalo yakhe. Ukufumana izicwangciso kunye namaqhinga okuqhuba iimfazwe ezilungileyo, u-Athena waphumelela kwaye waba ngu-patroness kwiintlobo ezininzi zobugcisa:
- I-intanethi yentlalo - uAthena, unkulunkulukazi wobulumko kwimicimbi yoluntu, wasungula inkundla ephezulu eAthene;
- uthumele ishishini kunye nokuhamba - abaqulunqi beFerekle, Arg noDanai, phantsi kolawulo luka-Athena bakha iinqanawa zabo, enye yazo uArgo eyathunyelwa ngayokazikazikazi ezulwini;
- isalathisi sensimbi - umfanekiso ka-Aphrodite uthathwa njengomsebenzi ka-Athena ngokwakhe;
- ukugaya kunye nokukhangela iimveliso - zenzele iimpahla kunye nezinye izithixokazi. U-Athena wasifundisa indlela yokukrazula abafazi. Ukutyhila - uphawu lwe-Athena;
- umculo - ixilongo kunye nokuveliswa kwemigodi e-Athena;
- ukuphilisa - uphiliswe kwaye uphuhliswe ngoncedo lwegazi le-jellyfish yaseGorgon;
- umphathiswa - kwezinye izinto ezininzi ezintle. I-Athene ithandwa ngenxa yokubonelelwa ngoncedo olufike ngexesha. Hercules, Odysseus, Perseus, Achilles, Jason, amaqhawe e-Telemachus weengoma zamandulo zamaGrike, ezibizwa ngamaxesha amanzima ku-Athena.
U-Athena ubukeka njani?
Uthikazikazi ongumGrike u-Athena ngokuqhelekileyo uboniswe kwinqayi yempi, enekhwele elimangalisayo esandleni sakhe umkhonto okhanya elangeni. UHomer, umlandeli wamandulo weengqungquthela ze-epic "i-Illyada," uchaza uAthena njengeliso elikhanyayo, ngombono obukhali, ogcwele amandla kwiinqwelo zegolide, intombi enhle kodwa "intliziyo epholileyo". Abaculi babonisa unkulunkulukazi onobuso obunqamle, obunomdla, kwisambatho eside (peplos) okanye igobolondo.
Isimboli se-Athena
Kwimbali, yonke into yokugqoka, imvelaphi ejikeleze uothixo igcwele isimboli esahlukileyo, esinentsingiselo engcwele. Ezi archetypes ziqhagamshelana phakathi kwabantu noothixo. Ukwazi le miqondiso, kwimemori yomntu , imifanekiso ibonakala, apho ungayichaza khona umlingisi. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Athena kubonakala ngokulula:
- Isihenqo sase-Athene - esenziwe ngentsimbi, ehlotshiswe ngamahashe amane, okanye i-monster enomsila wenyoka;
- umkhonto - enye yeemifanekiso zithixokazi ezihlobisa i-acropolis yakudala eAthene, umkhonto wayo ogqamile, into yokuqala yokuthungatha umkhonto wabona ukubuyela kwisixeko;
- i-aegis - ikhuselo elenziwe ngeebhokhwe, kunye nomfanekiso we-jellyfish Gorgon;
- U-Nika ungumfanekiso wesithixo sokunqoba esandleni sika-Athena;
- isikhombiso sibonakaliso sobulumko;
- inyoka isipho sokubona kwangaphambili.
Abantwana baseAthene
Unkulunkulukazi waseGrike wamaGrike u-Athena wayejongwa njengentombi eqaqambileyo, u-Eros ngokwakhe akazange amthobele isicelo sikankulunkulukazi ka-Aphrodite ukuba avumele u-Athena ukuba athande uthando, kuba wayesaba ukuba abuyele kwixesha elidlulileyo ngenxa yokubukeka koothixokazi. Nangona kunjalo, uvuyo lwabazali aluzange lube lukhulu kuAthenna kwaye wakhulisa abantwana abamkelweyo:
- UHygia - unkulunkulukazi wempilo, uthathwa njengomthombo omnye ntombi ka-Asclepius (uphilisi) kunye no-Athena;
- U-Erichthony uyindodana kaGaia noHephaestus, ngokwemfihlakalo uHefestus wamxosha uAthenya waza wawahlalisa imbewu, uGaia wayeyicinga ukuba yinto ehlazolayo kuye kwaye wayengafuni ukuphakamisa unyana wakhe. I-Athene yazisa u-Erichthony ngasese. Unkulunkulukazi u-Athena uvame ukubonakaliswa ngenyoka, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ngumfuziselo ka-Erichthony.
Inkolelo yenkulunkulukazi u-Athena
Intsomi yamandulo yamaGrike ichaza oothixo abafana nabantu: bathanda, banzondo, bafuna amandla, banqwenela ukuqaphela. Intsomi enomdla malunga neAthena, apho iCecrops, ukumkani wokuqala wase-Athene, ayikwazanga ukugqiba ukuba ngubani oza kuba ngumphathi we sixeko. U-Athena noPoseidon (unkulunkulu wolwandle) baqala ukuphikisana, uCecrops wamema oothixo ukuba asombulule ingxabano ngale ndlela ilandelayo: ukuvula into ebalulekileyo kakhulu. U-Poseidon waveza umthombo wamanzi kunye ne-trident, u-Athena wambetha umkhonto emhlabathini kwaye umthi womnquma wawubonakala. Abafazi bavotela u-Athena, amadoda kaPoseidon, ngoko iAthens yayineentloko ezimbini.