UGigmund Freud (okungcono ukubiza ngokuthi "Freud") - umntu owaziwayo wase-Austrian wengqondo kunye neengqondo zengqondo wayezibandakanya ngokufunda ngokubanzi ngobuntu bomntu.
Iingcamango zokungazi
USigmund Freud nguye umsekeli weengcamango kunye nokusebenza kwe-psychoanalysis, eyona mfundiso yale nto ingumqondo wokungazi. Isiseko sombono wobuntu , owadalwa nguFreud, sichaza imodeli yesakhiwo esithathu. Ngokwezicwangciso eziqhelekileyo, ubuntu luqoqo lwe-Subconscious ("It"), Ubulumko ("I") kunye noNgcono-nzulu ("I-Super-I"). Naliphi na iimvakalelo, iingcamango, iimfuno, izenzo kunye nezenzo zomntu zifakwe ngumsebenzi we-subconscious, eyona nesebe elidlulileyo kunye elinamandla lenkxwabo yabantu, ngoko ke kulawulo olungenangqiqo nolungapheliyo. Apha, njengokungathi ukukhanya akutshisi. Kucingelwa ukuba le mibini ebalulekileyo yokuqhubela phambili kunye nobomi bomntu yiLibido ("Ukukhuthazela Ubomi") kunye noMortido ("Ukuzama Ukufa" - ingcamango kaMortido ayizange yenziwe nguFrud ngokwakhe, kodwa yamkelwa nguye).
Phakathi kwala mathathu malungu ebuntwini (ngamanye amazwi, amanqanaba okanye iinxalenye ze-psyche) kunokubakho ubudlelwane obuphikisanayo, obangumthombo weengxaki zengqondo zomntu.
Indlela yokusombulula iingxaki zengqondo?
Ukulungiswa kunye nokugqithiswa kwezi ngxaki kunokukhokelela umntu ukuba asombulule iziganeko zeemeko, eziba ngumsebenzi kuye. Kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba umntu unengxaki ezinzulu zengqondo (apho kwezinye iziganeko ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe njengezifo). Ukukrazula abantu kwezi ngxaki kunye nokugula ngengqondo kuphakanyiswa ngokuqhuba umsebenzi osebenzayo wengqondo, oquka ukuxilongwa, kubandakanywa kwiingxoxo zomntu usebenzisa indlela yokusebenzisana namahhala kunye nonyango ngoncedo lokubuyela kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezitsha zeziganeko eziphambili ze-psychotrauma eziye zachaphazela ukuphuhliswa kobuntu ubomi bomntu. Ngenxa yeziganeko ezinjalo, umntu ophantsi kwengqondo ye-psychoanalysis ukhululiwe kwiinkqubo ezingenanto. Unako ngoku uqalise ubomi obutsha ngaphandle kokungaqhelekanga kwengqondo kunye nemikhwa yokuziphatha.
Kule nxalenye eyintloko ye-psychoanalysis yasekuqaleni, i-theory ye-Psychoticism isekelwe, ichaza naluphi na ubudlelwane bentlalo (kwaye kungekhona nje ngesondo) kunye nezifiso kunye neenqweno ezingathandekiyo, ezinokuthi ziboniswe kakuhle ngentsomi yamandulo yamaGrike.
Intsingiselo ye-Theory of Freud
Emva koko, iingcamango zikaFrud zazibuyiselwa ngokucacileyo ngumfundi wakhe oqaqambileyo uCG Jung. Le nyaniso ngokwayo ibika ingxelo echanekileyo yolu hlobo kwi-psychoanalysis njenge "Oedipus complex".
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uFrud unabelwe ukwabiwa kwezigaba ezithile zophuhliso lomntu wengqondo (kubandakanywa ebuntwaneni), ukufumanisa iinkqubo zokukhusela zengqondo, ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezithintekayo zokutshintshelwa kwengqondo kunye
Iingcamango kunye neengqondo zengqondo ze-Sigmund Freud zineempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni konke kwengqondo, iyeza, i-psychiatry, kunye neenzululwazi ezinzulu ezifana nefilosofi, i-sociology, i-anthropology. Iingcamango nezembono malunga nomntu, ezicetywayo nguFrud, zakuba ngamaxesha abo okuguqula nokuvelisa. Benza ukuba kubekho inzululwazi enkulu yenkcubeko kunye nesiganeko jikelele, ithintela uphuhliso lweencwadi kunye nobugcisa. Ngeli xesha, izikolo ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-neo-Freudian zimelele kakhulu kwi-psychology andoretical psychology, iziseko zengcambu ziya kwi-psychoanalysis ye-classic.