Xa ufunda i-psychology kunye nezinye izikhokelo, abaninzi banomdla kumbuzo othi le catharsis. Le ngcamango ibonakala kwifilosofi yasendulo yamaGrike. Ichazwa njengenkqubo ye-negative experience, enomlinganiselo omude, kodwa xa ithe yafikelela kwindawo yokuphakama, iya kuba yinto enhle.
Ithini i-catharsis?
Ithini i-catharsis ithetha kuxhomekeke kwimiba ekusetyenziswa ngayo ixesha. Njengolawulo, lithetha inkqubo yokuhlanjululwa kwiimvakalelo ezimbi . Ingqiqo yaphakanyiswa nguAristotle, kumsebenzi wakhe othi "i-Poetics". Abalinganiswa abasemgangathweni babesesimo sokuhlanjululwa kwangaphakathi, okujoliswe ekufezeni ukuvisisana komphefumlo nomzimba. Kwiimfundiso kunye nezenzo ezahlukeneyo, wachazwa ngabafilosofi abaninzi, iingqondo zeengqondo kunye neengqondo ze-psychoanalyst.
Ukugqitywa kwenkqubo ye-catharsis kubandakanya ukukhululwa kwamandla engqondo okanye ukuphazamiseka. Inkqubo ye-catharsis inezigaba ezilandelayo kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, umntu kufuneka akwazi ukuzilawula:
- ukuqokelela amava ambi;
- ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphambili lomzwelo;
- Ukuguqulwa kwamandla angenamandla kumandla amandla.
Catharsis - Psychology
I-Catharsis yindlela ekhethekileyo kwingqondo yengqondo evumela ukuba wenze ukuphumla kwemvakalelo kunye nempilo. Indlela ivumela ukuphumeza iziphumo ezinjalo, eziza kuba nexabiso elinamandla kumntu:
- ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukuvakalelwa kwexhala ;
- buthathaka;
- Ukuqonda okungcono uxolo lwangaphakathi kunye neemfuno;
- yempembelelo ngokubanzi kumntu ngamnye.
Ezinye izazi zengqondo zithi i-catharsis yinto yobugcisa, kwaye oku kuqinisekiswa ngokusebenza. Kukholelwa ukuba i-term in psychology yabonakala ibulela kuSigmund Freud, owacebisa indlela ye-cathartic echaphazela ukutshintshela ekukhunjweni kweemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo ezinamandla angenamandla, okuya ekukhokelela ekuphumuleni.
Catharsis kwi Psychoanalysis
Kwindlela yokwenza i-psychoanalysis, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela ye-cathartic yenzeke rhoqo. Kwadalwa ukuhlalutya nokuchonga iinjongo zokuziphatha kwabantu. I-catharsis yemoya ibonwa njengendlela yokudibanisa amava kunye nezenzo zomntu obangelwa zizizathu ezingenalwazi. Iinkqubo zikuvumela ukuba ubone iinkcazo eziphazamisekileyo, ezenza ukuba kupheliswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokusebenza kwengqondo, inikezela ezo ndlela:
- imibutho yamahhala;
- ukuchazwa kwamagama;
- slip yolwimi.
Catharsis kwi Philosophy
I-Catharsis - oku kwifilosofi yimpumelelo yecawa yokucoceka. Injongo yakhe kukulungiselela intlanganiso kunye nenyaniso engcwele, ngokuphelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilingo. Ukuhlanjululwa ngokomoya kwenzeka ngeemvakalelo ezilandelayo zibonakaliswa ngumntu:
- mfesane ngommelwane womntu;
- uvelwano;
- ukwesaba ilahleko kunye nokungabikho komthetho.
Ixesha elidlulileyo lefilosofi yamaGrisi kunye neendlela zokuziphatha zinika ukukhulelwa komzimba, kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwengqondo. Umntu ulahla imbonakalo yobuthambo kunye nodaka lomzimba, olufuna izinto ezithile kwixesha elithile lobomi. Ngale ngcamango ekhankanywe ngo-Aristotle, uHeraclitus, uPythagoras, uPlato kunye nezinye iifabhrikhi ezinokuthi zibonwe kwimfundiso yazo.
Inkqubo ye-catharsis
Ukufezekiswa kwe-catharsis kufuna izinto ezithile. Umntu kufuneka ahambe kwiinqanaba eziliqela, phakathi kwazo:
- ukuqaphela isidingo sokwenza utshintsho ebomini;
- ukuzimisela ukunqoba ukwesaba kwabo;
- ukuphumeza kwimeko yokuzola;
- ukungabikho komntu;
- isigqibo esinqumlekileyo sokunqoba ukuvakalelwa kwemizwa engathandekiyo;
- ukuqaphela ukungaphumeleli.
Impembelelo ye-catharsis ifika kuphela xa umntu eqonda ukusebenzisa le nkqubo kwaye ufuna ukucombulula iingxaki zabo zangaphakathi. Ukuze uzuze i-catharsis, yenza izinto ezimbalwa.
- Gxininisa ingqalelo kwingxaki ekhoyo.
- Ukuvelisa ngokuqinisekileyo iimvakalelo zakho.
- Gxininisa kulawo mava afikelele kwinqanaba lephambili.
Indlela yokufezekisa i-catharsis?
Umbuso we-catharsis ungenxa yokusebenza kanzima kuwe. Njengomthetho, ukuze ufezekise, kufuneka ube nolwazi oluthile kwizengqondo okanye kwi-psychoanalysis. Ingcali yeengqondo okanye i-psychotherapist ingasebenzisa indlela ebonakalisiweyo yokutyhila iimvakalelo eziphazamisekileyo zesigulane, ezinokufihla kakhulu. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka azibuze ukuba ufuna ukuxazulula ingxabano yangaphakathi.
Njengomthetho, ekuqaleni umntu uloyiko lweziganeko ezidlulayo ezinokuziphatha okubi. Kananjalo akafuni ukuqhuba ukuhamba ngokunyamezela. Ngokude afune ukuwamkela okwenzekayo, ukude naye kukuqala kwe-catharsis. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho umnqweno wokuqhubela phambili, iingxaki ziya kulungiswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-catharsis yomzwelo iya kufakwa, ibe iya kukuvumela ukuba kuhambisane.