I-Axiology - imfundiso yexabiso

I-Axiology yintetho yexabiso, njengoko isayensi ekhethekileyo kwifilosofi yabonakala eRussia ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Uluntu lisoloko luxhala malunga nenkqubo yexabiso, indawo yalo ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu. Iqela ngalinye lentlalo linemibono yalo malunga nokulungileyo, ububi kunye nenyaniso, oku kubonakaliswa kwimibhalo yezinzulu ezininzi.

Yintoni i-axiology?

Ufunda ntoni i-axiology? Impendulo yalo mbuzo yenziwe ngabafilosofi ngale ndlela ilandelayo:

• izihloko ezinxulumene nobume bexabiso;
• indawo yokuxabisa kuluntu;
• ulwalamano lwabo kwisakhiwo kunye - kunye nembono yomntu.

Umxholo oyintloko wendawo yakhe yefilosofi yexabiso yenziwa nguSocrates, ukugqiba ukuba ixabiso eliye lafunyanwa lilungile kwaye lincedo. Izazinzulu zama-Middle Ages zibiza iindidi ezinjengokuzaliseka kobuhle, ubuhle kunye nobuhle. Ukutolika kwanamhlanje, i-axiology, njengesebe yefilosofi, ibonakala xa ukuqonda ukuba kuhlulwe kwayinyani kwaye kuxabiseke, njengethuba lokuzibonela, ukubonisa ubuchule bengqondo.

Iyintoni i-axiology kwifilosofi?

I-Axiology kwifilosofi kukukhangela intsingiselo yezinto ezilungileyo kumntu ngamnye, onokufezekiswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwangaphakathi. Kwiminyaka emininzi, izafilosofi zeepochs ezahlukileyo ziye zabonakalisa imbono yazo, kuba kwinqanaba ngalinye kwakukho ixabiso eliphambili. Akukho mntu kuwo wonke umntu, abantu abahlukileyo ababizi iindidi ezifanayo zento abayicinga ngayo. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziphawula okubonakalayo:

1. I Middle Ages. Ixabiso eliyinqobo lukholo kuThixo.
2. 19-20 inkulungwane - ubuhle nokuvisisana.

Kwaye kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 inzululwazi zazama ukuqonda indlela umntu ngamnye abona ngayo ihlabathi, kwinqanaba elingakanani le mpendulo iphendula iimpendulo zangaphakathi nezobugcisa. Abafilosofi-i-axiologists bagxila kwi-formula efanelekileyo, kodwa phantsi kweendidi eziqhelekileyo, kuba umntu ngamnye unengcamango yakhe, kuba amadoda nabesifazana bahluke. Ngoko ke, sithetha ngokudibanisa ii-philosophical units of measurement.

Iyintoni i-axiology yenkcubeko?

Ukutolika kwanamhlanje, i-axiology, njengemfundiso yexabiso, ihlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo kwinkcubeko, eyona qoqo yezinto ezixabisekileyo. Ngokomgangatho we-axiological, inkcubeko yile:

• ukuphunyezwa kweenjongo zexabiso;
• kwihlabathi lezinto ngokusebenzisa umbono womntu;
• iinjongo eziza kuthatha izenzo kunye nezenzo, ukukhuthaza uluntu.

Injongo ye-axiale kukugcina indima ebalulekileyo yexabiso. Ukubaluleka kukubaluleka kwezinto zehlabathi kubantu, kwaye ayinqunywanga yipropati, kodwa inxaxheba kumaqela ahlukeneyo asekuhlaleni. Ubuhle buphatha wonke umntu ngendlela yakhe, ngokusekelwe kwiindidi eziqhelekileyo, kodwa akukho ziphumo kwihlabathi ezibaluleka ngokulinganayo kumntu wonke. Kukho ubuntu obubalulekileyo obubonakalisa ubulili okanye ubudala, into ebaluleke kubantu abanye ingabalulekanga nakwezinye.

Imisebenzi ye-axiology

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-axiological isetyenziswe kwizinto ezininzi zezesayensi, kuba inkqubo yexabiso iyona nto iphambili yeengcamango. Ichaza isakhelo sokuziphatha komntu, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ukuphuhliswa kwengongoma kunye nesimo sobuhle. Inkqubo ye-axiological inikeza ithuba:

• fumana i-criteria ebonakalayo ebaluleke kakhulu kumntu;
• ukwahlula ukubaluleka kwimihla ngemihla ekuqondeni ubuntu.

Abaphandi bahlukanisa imisebenzi emithathu yesayensi njengokwenza i-axiology:

1. Kwi-motivation-education inqubo yokwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo.
2. Ekufundiseni - ukufundiswa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha .
3. Kwiinkcubeko, ukwakheka kwemimiselo eyamkelekileyo.

Indlela ye-Axiological kwingqondo

Indlela yokwenza i-psychology isetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphinda ihlaziywe imilinganiselo yabantu abakwiimeko ezinzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwindawo yokuqala, abantu abanjalo benza iimpazamo eziphosakeleyo, kwaye ukuze umntu aziqonde ngokuchanekileyo iimpawu zomntu kunye nezentlalo, iingcali zengqondo zixhomekeke kwindlela ecacileyo:

• Ixabiso lihlaziywa njengeendlela zokunqoba izithintelo zobomi;
• kugqitywe ukujoliswa kwezenzo zomntu ngamnye;
• lungisa izifiso zomntu zobomi obungcono.

Indlela yokuxhaswa kwendlela yokufundisa

Indlela yokuxhaswa kwezemfundo kwimfundo yenza i-individual personality egcina ifa lemveli, yakha umgca wokuziphatha kwayo, ingqalelo imigangatho yokuziphatha kunye neminqweno. Ukufundisa ummi wangempela owaziyo kwaye uyazi indlela yokuxabisa ilifa lakhe, ootitshala:

• ubeke umzekelo wobuntu obuvelele kwizifundo zembali kunye neencwadi;
• ukulungiselela iiseshoni zefilimu ezixhamlayo kwimfundo yobuzwe befilimu;
• babambe imikhosi yemizi;
• ukufundisisa kwii-excursions kunye nokunyathela imbali yomhlaba wabo;
• khuthaza abantwana besikolo ukuba baqokelele umthi wentsapho.

Indlela yokuxhomekeka kwenkcubeko

Inkcazo yenkcubeko ihlukanisa amaxabiso angaphezulu amane aphakanyiswe ngabazinzulu bamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kwaye ahlala ebonakaliswa ngobomi bokomoya:

1. Ukholo okanye uThixo.
2. Ku lungile.
3. Ubuhle.
4. Inyaniso.

Ixabiso libonisa indlela yokuqulunqwa kobukho bomntu, idonsa ngokomoya kwingqondo nangokuthanda komntu. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi we-axiological ukuchaza ukubaluleka njengokuba umntu uyazi ukuba ngumntu ngamnye. Kukho amazinga amathathu enkcubeko ekuzaleni ixabiso:

1. Eyona ncinane . Iindidi zokuziphatha zikhona njengento ebalulekileyo.
2. Ezizodwa . Iimilinganiselo zingafumaneka ngokuziphatha nangezenzo.
3. Udidi oluphezulu . Ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu ngumntu ngokwakhe ngesimo sakhe sengqondo kwihlabathi.