Ukuziva ukwesaba kusemgangathweni kwaye kuyingxenye ebalulekileyo yengqondo yabantu. Uloyiko olusuka ngenxa yengozi, lwabaleka kwaye lwalondoloza ubomi. Ngamanye amaxesha kubakho ukususela kwikho, "kubambelela" kumntu, ikhula ngaphezu kwexesha njengebhola leqhwa, lizithoba ngokupheleleyo. Ukwesaba abantu ngoloyiko loloyiko, ukuphazamisa intando.
Ngubani igama loyika abantu?
Uloyiko lunegama lenzululwazi - i-anthropophobia, eyenziwe ngamagama amabini aseGrike anesiqhelo : ἄνθρωπος - indoda, φόβος - ukoyika. Ukoyika abantu - uhlobo lwe-phobia yoluntu olunxulumene neuroses, kwi-International Directory of Classification of Diseases, lubhalwe phantsi kwekhowudi ye-F 40-phobic anxiety disorders. Umfokazi wezilwanyana waseMerika uG. Sullivan ukholelwa ukuba ukuze aqonde isizathu esabangela ukuba i-phobia, kubalulekile ukuba "unqamle umlenze" wobudlelwane bomntu onentswelo kunye nabanye abantu abasendaweni yakhe esondeleyo.
Izizathu zokuba kutheni i-anthropophobia:
- umama onamahloni, ngokuhlala ephantsi koxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalabisa, unikeza uphawu lwakhe kumntwana wengqondo "ukwesaba kungokwemvelo!";
- ubudlova, ukuxhatshazwa ebuntwaneni;
- ukwahlukana kwezentlalo ebuntwaneni;
- iimpawu zomntu ngamnye (ukunyaniseka okwenyukayo, ukukhathazeka, ukuxhalaba);
- uhlobo lwe-psychasthenic yobuntu;
- psychotrauma;
- ukuhlekwa usulu ebuntwaneni nasebuncinaneni.
Ukoyika abantu - i-phobia
Zonke i-phobias zibonakaliswe zizibonakaliso ezifanayo, ezivela ekuphenduleni into eyenzekayo kwisithuba sokwesaba. Kule nkalo, i-anthropophobia ichazwa kwii-subspecies eziliqela (ngokubanzi, kukho malunga ne-100 yazo):
- i-ohlofobiya (i-demophobia) - ukwesaba izihlwele zabantu okanye ukudibanisa kwabantu abaninzi endaweni enye;
- I-Haptophobia - umnxeba wabasemzini ubangela ukwesaba;
- gomilofobiya - ukwesaba ukuthetha nabantu abangabazi;
- i-ommatophobia - ukwesaba ukukhangela amehlo;
Kukho iintlobo ezinqabileyo ze-anthropophobia:
- ukwesaba abantu abagqithisileyo;
- uloyiko obomvu nolunqabileyo;
- ukoyika abantu abadala;
- ukwesaba abantu bobuzwe obuthile;
- ukwesaba abo bagqoke intshebe kunye nemilenze emhlophe okanye ngokuchaseneyo bahlambulukile.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-social phobia kunye nokuhluka kwe-anthropophobia:
- ukuzinqwenela komntu kuye;
- indlela yokuphila yedwa;
- ubutha kubantu abangabazi;
- Andiyithandi kwaye ungakhathazeki xa uhlasela indawo ye-anthropophobic yabanye abantu.
Iimpawu zengqondo kwi-anthropophobia:
- ukuthuthumela emzimbeni wonke;
- ukuphosa;
- ukuthuthumela okukhulu;
- isicaphulo kunye nokuhlanza;
- ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic attack;
- ngcamango.
Ukoyika isihlwele esikhulu
I-Demophobia yinto encinane yokufunda i-neurotic disorder ephawulekayo ukwesaba inani elikhulu labantu. Imithombo yoloyiko inokuba nayiphi na imemori yobuntwana ehambelana neemeko ezingathandekiyo ezenzeke kwisihlwele esikhulu sabantu. Uloyiko lokuxinwa lunokuthi lube ngumntu omdala, xa isigebengu sisebenza kwindawo ephakamileyo, eyenzeka phambi komntu, ukulwa okanye ukubulala, kunokuthi kube yinto ebangela ukwesaba okukhulu.
Uloyiko lokuthinta abantu abangabaziyo
Uloyiko lwabantu luhluke kakhulu kangangokuba iindlela ezenza ukuba oku okanye ukwesaba akusoloko kucacile. Umntu unokukhulela kwintsapho enovuyo, nothando, kodwa oku akuqinisekisi ukuba uya kukhululeka ekubeni ukwesaba okukhulu. I-Haptophobia - uhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-anthropophobia, lubonakalisa njengoloyiko lomgca wabantu abasondeleyo nabangaphandle. Amanye amagama ngenxa yokoyika:
- gaffefobia;
- i-aphenmofophobia;
- Haptophobia.
Izizathu ze haptophobia:
- izimbande ze-autism;
- schizophrenia;
- umnqweno ohambelana nomntu wokukhusela indawo yakhe;
- ukuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo nangaliphi na ubudala;
- ukunyaniseka njengendlela yokuziphatha;
- Ukungcola (ukwesaba ukungcolisa umlomo kunye nomgca).
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Haptophobia:
- Gweba nayiphi na ingcingo yomzimba (ukuxhaphaza, ukumbamba, ukuwanga);
- Abasetyhini kunye namadoda asinda kubudlova angakuphepha ukuthintela umntu wesini esenzile izenzo zobundlobongela;
- ufumana uninzi lweemvakalelo ezimbi xa uzama ukubathinta;
- ngokubhekiselele kwintetho ye haptophobes, ichukumisa ukuba kubangelwa izibonakaliso ezicacileyo zokutshisa okanye kubanda.
Uloyiko loqhagamshelwano nabantu
Ukwesaba intsebenziswano yentlalo kubandakanya zonke i-phobias zentlalo. Umntu onentlalo-ntsapho uyamoyika yonke into edibene nabanye abantu. Ukwesaba ukuthetha nabantu kubunjwa ngobuntwana ngenxa yokungahambelananga noontanga, ngexesha lokubonakala kowesidlangalaleni, okuphelile ekuhlulekeni, konke oku kushicilela inkqubela yengqondo yengqondo yomntwana kuyo kwinto enokuthi ibe yintlalo kunye neurotic.
Ukoyika abantu abakhangela amehlo
Ukwesaba abantu kunye noluntu kungaboniswa ngoloyiko, njengoko i-ommatophobia - ukwesaba kwamehlo. Le phobia engaqhelekanga kwaye engafundi kakuhle ibonakala ngokukhatshwa kokukhangela i-interlocutor kwaye xa udibaniselwano kunye nokujonga ngokucophelela i-anthropophobe. Imbono yomntu ovela ngaphandle ibonwa njengobundlobongela kunye nokungena kwisithuba somntu siqu, esibangela ukwesaba kunye nokwesaba. Uhlobo lokwesaba "isobi" isohlo luhlobo lwe-ommatophobia, umntu uloyiko lokuba uya kuba yi-jinxed okanye ixhoba.
Uloyiko lokuthetha nabantu
I-Homilophobia - ukwesaba abantu kwiimeko ezinzima, imeko echaphazelekayo ngenxa yengxelo engalunganga. Uloyiko lokuthetha nabantu lunokubangelwa ukwesaba ukukhupha okanye ukutsala ingqalelo. Umntu osondeleyo ku-gomilophobia ufumana amaxhala kakhulu kunye nolonwabo, nangona xa umntu efuna ukubuza umbuzo olula, umzekelo, ukucela izikhokelo - ucinga ukuba uya kuthathwa njengengcikivo kunye nokunyaniseka. Indlela yokuvela kwe-gomilophobia ayiqondi kakuhle.
Ukoyika abantu abangaziwayo
Le phobia ifumaneka kwiqondo lokuzalwa kubo bonke abantu emhlabeni. I-Xenophobia - kwezinye ichazwe kwinguqu echanekileyo: inzondo yezinye iintlanga, abantu abangaqhelekanga. Kwimbonakaliso eqhelekileyo, umntu oyika uluntu lwabantu abangaziwayo uyamhlonela kwaye uyamoyika bonke abangengowakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo le ngxaki enkulu kumntu ngokwakhe kwaye ikhokelela ekukhutshweni koluntu kunye nokulahlekelwa koluntu.
Indlela yokukrazula i-social phobia?
Ukuzilawula ngokuziphathekayo kwe-phobias kunokwenzeka kuphela xa umntu eqonda ukuba unenkinga. Phakathi kweentlalo-ntle baninzi abanokufumana ngokukhawuleza inyaniso baze baqonde ukuba banokudakatheka, kwaye bayaqonda, kukho imibuzo: yintoni yokwenza kunye nendlela yokuyeka ukwesaba abantu? Ukuba akukho thuba lokutyelela ingcali, kwinqanaba lokuqala ungalandela ezi zilandelayo iingcebiso zokuyeka ukwesaba abantu kwaye ube neentloni:
- ukufumana isizathu - kuya kunceda ukubona ukunyaniseka kwesaba kunye namava amaninzi akufanele abe yinkinga yobomi bonke;
- umsebenzi owaziyo ngeengcamango ezingalunganga - ukuzitshintsha ngeendawo ezilungileyo;
- kuthatha ulawulo loloyiko;
- ukuphuhlisa ukuziphatha okutsha (ukuqala amanyathelo amancinci kwindlela yokwesaba, endaweni yokuphendula ngokuqhelekileyo kwendiza).
I-Anthropophobia - unyango
Kwiimeko ezinzima, xa iingcamango ezinzulu zibangelwa ukwesaba ukukhupha umntu - njani ukunqoba inkululeko yabantu? Ukwesaba abantu-kubhekisela kwimingcipheko yokuxhalabisa nge-neurotic, ngoko iphathwa njengeyiphi i-neurosis . Unyango lwamayeza luquka ukuchaza isigulane iqela leziyobisi:
- i-sedative (Validol, Novo-Passit);
- i-anti-depressants (Giperecin, isicatshulwa esiseSt John's wort);
- i-tranquilise (Afobazol, iPhenazepam).
I-Psychotherapy ekwenzeni unyango lwe-anthropophobia isebenze kakuhle kule mimandla elandelayo:
- Injongo ye-paradoxical - i-essence yendlela iquka ukuzama ukukhanga oko umntu oyikayo, ukuzisa ukwesaba kwiqondo lokungazi.
- Ulwaphulo-mbono lweqela lokuziphatha luyindlela yokwenza ulwaphulo oluchanekileyo, apho kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwindlela yokukhusela ngokomzwelo kwizinto ezibangela ukwesaba.