Isifo se-Addison ("isifo sobhedu") sisifo esingavamile senkqubo ye-endocrine, echazwe kuqala phakathi kwekhulu le-XIX ngu-T. Addison weNgcali. Abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 no-50 banesifo esikhulu. Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni kule nzala, zeziphi izizathu zokuvela kwayo kunye neendlela zonyango zanamhlanje, siya kuqwalasela.
Isifo sika-Addison - i-etiology kunye ne-pathogenesis
Isifo sika-Addison sibangelwa umonakalo ophakathi kwe-correnx ye-adrenal. Kule meko, kukho ukunciphisa okuninzi okanye ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-hormone, ngokukodwa i-glucocorticoids (cortisone kunye ne-hydrocortisone) elawula iprotheni, i-carbohydrate kunye ne-fatabetism, kunye ne-mineralocorticoids (deoxycorticosterone kunye ne-aldosterone) ejongene nokulawulwa kweetyuli yamanzi.
Isiqingatha seesibini zesi sifo siyimvelaphi engaziwayo. Kwizizathu eziyaziwayo zesifo se-Addison, sinokuhlukanisa oku kulandelayo:
- i-lesion ye-adonal cortex;
- AIDS;
- i-syphilis;
- adrenoleukodystrophy;
- isifo sofuba se-adrenal glands;
- amyloidosis ;
- sarcoidosis;
- ukususwa kweengqungquthela ze-adrenal;
- ukubola kweengcambu kwiimpawu ze-adrenal;
- unyango lwexesha elide kunye namahomoni;
- izilonda.
Ukunciphisa kwimveliso ye-mineralocorticoids kukhokelela ekubeni umzimba ulahlekelwa i-sodium ngamaninzi amakhulu, aphelelwe amandla, kwaye umthamo wegazi ojikelezayo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zegazi ziyancipha. Ukungabikho kokuhlanganiswa kwe-glucocorticoids kubangela ukuphulwa kwe-carbohydrates metabolism, ukulahla kwishukela yegazi kunye nokungafezeki kwamathambo.
Izibonakaliso zezifo ze-Adison
Njengomthetho, ukuphuhliswa kwesifo se-Addison kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ukusuka kwiinyanga eziliqela ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi, kwaye iimpawu zayo zihlala zingabonakali ixesha elide. Esi sifo sinokuthi xa umzimba unesidingo esisisigxina se-glucocorticoids, esinokudityaniswa naluphi na uxinzelelo okanye ukugula.
Iimpawu zesifo ziquka:
- ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza;
- buthathaka;
- imemori enciphise;
- ukulahleka kwesisindo;
- ukuphazanyiswa kwephepha lomzimba;
- uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwesikhumba (amabala ombala webhedu) - kwenzeka ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinye iimpawu;
- Ukutsalana nokutya okunesonka kunye noomuncu;
- unxaniwe;
- ukungena kwelanga;
- ukuthuthumela kwezandla , intloko;
- umchamo ogqithiseleyo;
- tachycardia nabanye.
Inkathazo ye-Addisonian
Ukuba iimpawu zesi sifo zenzeke ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, ukungafezeki kwamandla angenangqondo kwenzeka. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba "ingxaki ye-addisonian" kwaye ubomi bungozi. Ibonakalisa ngeempawu ezinjengentlungu ephawulezileyo emva, emlonyeni okanye emilenzeni, ukuhlanza okukhulu kunye nesifo sohudo, ukulahleka kwengqondo, i-plaque ebomvu ngolwimi, njl.
Isifo sika-Addison - ukuxilongwa
Ukuba i-Addison isifo sikhankanywa, iimvavanyo zelabhoratri zenziwa ukufumana ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-sodium kunye namanqanaba e-potassium, ukuhla kwe-serum glucose, umxholo ophantsi we-corticosteroids egazini, ukwanda komxholo we-eosinophil, nabanye.
Isifo sika-Addison - unyango
Ukonyango kwesi sifo kusekelwe kwiyeza lokumelana ne-hormonone. Njengomgaqo, ukungabikho kwe-cortisol kuthathelwa indawo yi-hydrocortisone, kunye nokungabikho kwe-corticosteroid yamaminerali
Ngoxinzelelo lwe-Addison, i-glucocorticoids ene-intravenous kunye nemigangatho emikhulu yezixazululo ze-saline kunye ne-dextrose zichazwe, ezivumela ukuphucula imeko kwaye zisuse ingozi yobomi.
Utyando lubandakanya ukutya okunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwenyama kunye nokukhutshwa kwezambatates ezibhakiweyo, i-legumes, amantongomane, amabhanana (ukunciphisa ukungena kwe-potassium). Isiqhelo sokusetyenziswa kweetyuwa, i-carbohydrates kunye namavithamini, ngokukodwa i-C kunye ne-B, iyanda.