Ziziphi iimfuno - umntu ngamnye uphendule lo mbuzo ngendlela yakhe, kodwa ngokubanzi kukho izinto ezinjalo apho bonke abantu bafana kwaye bawafuna ngokulinganayo - ezi zidingo ezisisiseko zisenokuthiwa zibalulekile, okanye zibalulekile.
Ziziphi iimfuno zabantu?
Abantu abasuka ekuqaleni kobukho bazama ukuzakhela izimo zokuhlala apho umntu akanokuziva ekhuselekileyo kwaye epheleleyo, ngoko umcimbi wokusinda nokulondolozwa kwezilwanyana kwakuyona nto ephambili. Namhlanje, xa kumazwe amaninzi abantu behlabathi beziva beqiniseka ngakumbi kwaye bekhuselekile, umbuzo wintoni iimfuno zabantu eziphinde zifanelekileyo? Zonke ezijoliswe ukudibana nommandla wangaphandle ukugcina i-homeostasis yeenkqubo zangaphakathi ze-biological kwaye kukho iimfuno.
Ukusuka kwinqanaba leengqondo, iimfuno ziimeko ezizimeleyo ezifunekayo, xa umntu athe wathabatha inyathelo elisebenzayo elenzelwe ukuwanelisa. Ifuna iinjongo zefom, iiminqweno, iinjongo zesenzo kwaye zihamba kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zeemvakalelo neemvakalelo. Ukungabikho kokwaneliseka kwezidingo ezibalulekileyo kubandakanya usongelo kwimpilo nobomi ngokubanzi, kuthintela kakubi ingqondo yabantu.
Izidingo zomntu eMaslow
Isazi sengqondo sengqondo saseMelika-u-A. Maslow ngo-1954 emsebenzini wakhe "Ukukhuthazwa kunye noBuntu" kuchaza imfundiso yeemfuno, ngokusekelwe kwimiyalelo yokuzimela. I-theory ye-hierarchy igxeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kodwa iyaqhubeka iyathandwa ekuphathweni kunye nakwii-psychologists. Izidingo zabantu ezisisiseko kuMaslow:
- ubuchwepheshe (inqanaba eliphantsi) - yonke into enxulumene nokusinda, ukuzaliswa, izimo ezikhululekile;
- imfuneko yokhuselo-ukungabi nengozi ebomini, imeko ezixinzelelekileyo, ukugcina umntu engxowankulu;
- imfuno yothando kunye nokwakhe - ukwamukelwa luluntu, abantu abasondeleyo;
- imfuneko yokuhlonela kunye nokuhlonela nokuhlonipha uluntu, ubuchule kunye nobuchule;
- ingqiqo-umnqweno wokuhlola, ukufumana ulwazi nokufumana izakhono;
- ubugcisa - umnqweno wokuvumelanisa nobuhle;
- Isidingo sokuzibuyisela ngokwayo yinqanaba eliphakamileyo lophuhliso lomntu njengomntu ophezulu ngokomoya, ukufezekisa iinjongo zakhe ngokuzeleyo.
Iintlobo zemfuno zabantu
Ziziphi iimfuno zomntu - lo mbandela uxhomekeke kuninzi lophando ngabaphengululi bezengqondo, izazinzululwazi, iinani zoluntu. Ukuchonga iintlobo zeemfuno kunoku:
- iimfuno ezihambelana nommandla wenkqubo (uqhagamshelwano, ukuphumla emsebenzini, ukuqonda);
- into efunekayo (izinto eziphathekayo, ezentlalo, eziphilayo, ezokomoya, ezokuziphatha nezokuziphatha);
- iimfuno ngokubhekiselele kubaluleka (eziphambili, ezisekondari);
- esebenzayo (yemvelo, echazwe yimiqathango nenkcubeko yoluntu);
- ukuzithoba (umntu, iqela).
Iimfuno zoluntu zoluntu
Xa izidingo zabantu ezisisiseko zidibene, ubomi bakhe buzaliswe ngentsingiselo kunye nomnqweno wokuba luncedo kuluntu. Iimfuno zentlalo zihlukaniswe ngokuqhelekileyo:
- " Kuba mna ." Isiseko apha siza kuba ngumnqweno womntu ukuba azibonele ebantwini, azibonele aze athathe indawo efanelekileyo okanye isikhundla. Ukuzama amandla.
- " Kwabanye ." Inkonzo ngenzuzo yoluntu, ilizwe. Isidingo sokukhusela ababuthathaka, umnqweno wokuba uncedo.
- " Kunye nabanye ." Isidingo sobumbano ukusombulula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ekujoliseni ukukhusela okanye ukuphumelela iqela okanye urhulumente.
Iimfuno zeBiological zabantu
Ukuze uqonde ukuba zeziphi iimfuno ze-biological, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umntu njengomzimba osebenzayo kwimvelo. Ukuze umntu aphile: ukutya, amanzi, umoya, ukulala , ukushisa - ngaphandle kwezi zinto ezintle, i-homeostasis iyaphazamiseka, nto leyo ingakhokelela ekufeni komzimba. Izidingo zabantu eziziiprayimari zihlulwe zibe zibalulekileyo neziziziisekondari:
- u khu seleko;
- ukuqhubeka kwentsapho;
- ubomi;
- ukugcina umzimba kwindawo efanelekileyo, ephilileyo;
- izimo zendalo zendalo.
Izidingo zomntu zomntu
Iiparitha ze-homeostasis (yangaphakathi imeko) zifuna ukuzinza kwezikhombisi. Iinkqubo ze-biochemical ezenzeka emzimbeni zichonga iimfuno zabantu ngendlela enye okanye enye yokutya, imeko zendalo, isimo sezulu. Izidingo ze-physics zihlobo lweemfuno zezinto eziphilayo ezibonakaliswe ngokukodwa, umzekelo, inani eliphezulu lamaprotheni, amafutha kunye ne-carbohydrate ekudleni kokutya kuhlangabezana nemigangatho evunyenwe ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye ifanelekile kuwo wonke umntu. Ukungabikho kwamaprotheni kunokukhokelela kwisifo se-dystrophic muscular.
Ukwahlulelwa kweemfuno zabantu ngokusekelwe kwimimiselo yamanqanaba omzimba:
- abalala ngaphantsi kweeyure eziyi-8;
- umoya ococekileyo (akukho mijelo kunye nensimbi enzima);
- ukutya, umxholo we-caloric kunye nolwakhiwo olufanelekileyo olubonelela ngomzimba ngazo zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko;
- amanzi (1.5 - 2 ilitha ngosuku).
Izidingo zokomoya zomntu
Ziziphi iimfuno zokomoya kwaye zikhetheke kubo bonke abantu? Kukholelwa ukuba ukuba umntu akanelisekanga ngeemfuno ezisisiseko ezingaphantsi, ukukhula kokomoya akufanele kuchazwe, yonke imikhosi ijoliswe ekusindeni. Kodwa kukho imizekelo apho abantu bazinqamle ngamabomu induduzo, ukutya okwaneleyo, bakhetha indlela yokunyuka, ukuze bazi amandla omoya. Kukho intetho: "Izulu elingenalutho alinikiweyo!", Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba kubalulekile ukukhula ngokomoya ngaphandle kweengxaki, wonke umntu unendlela yakhe.
Ziziphi iimfuno zomoya kunye nendlela abazibonakalisa ngayo:
- Isidingo sokuqonda . Ukuzama ulwazi lwefilosofi XVI inkulungwane. UMontaigne wabiza imfuno yendalo kunye neyomntu ngamnye.
- Iimfuno zobuchule . Imbonakalo yokudala kunye nomnqweno wokucinga, ukudala nokuzonwabisa. Ukulawulwa kwehlabathi ngokwemithetho yobuhle, ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo yokuvisisana kuveza ubuqili obungokomoya bokujonga.
- Isidingo sokwenza okulungileyo . Umntu ozama ukufumana ukomoya unokukhokelwa yesazela, iinkolelo zonqulo aze amkele imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nemigaqo yoluntu. Ukufumana imfuneko yezenzo ezilungileyo, ukunyaniseka , umntu ukhula njengomntu ongokomoya.
Izidingo eziphathekayo zomntu
Ukuzama ukufumana ubomi obukhululekile kunye nokwaneliseka kokuziphatha, yiyiphi imfuno eziphathekayo, kodwa zivela kwiimfuno zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuzimelela kwezentlalo. Ziziphi iimfuno eziphathekayo:
- izindlu ezinezinga elaneleyo lokuthuthuzela;
- ukutya okuninzi;
- izinto zekhaya (izambatho, izixhobo, izixhobo zendlu);
- iindlela zokuthutha;
- inkonzo yeenkcukacha (i-telephony, intanethi, ithelevishini).
Izidingo zezinto eziphilayo zomntu
Iimfuno zomntu zendalo zifumaneka ngokudibana ngqo kunye nendalo. Umoya omtsha, amanzi ahlambulukileyo, indawo ethile yendawo, iimeko zemozulu zizo zonke izinto zendalo yendalo. Uluntu lukwazi ukuzikhusela kwimpembelelo engafanelekanga yangaphandle ngeendlela zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, umzekelo, amanzi, udlula amanqanaba amaninzi okuhlanjululwa phambi kokuba uphuphe kwiphepheni. Umntu unempembelelo enamandla kakhulu kwindalo ngokusindisa iindlela, nokutshabalalisa.
Izidingo zezinto eziphilayo zihambelana neemfuno ze-biological kwaye ziqinisekisa ubomi bomntu, ngoko kubalulekile ukuhlakulela ebuntwaneni izidingo zemvelo zendawo ephezulu:
- umnqweno wokugcina nokunyusa izibonelelo zendalo;
- ukugcinwa kococeko;
- ukuqonda ngokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba lokucinga, izenzo kunye nolwalamano nabantu.
Izidingo zabantu
Ziziphi iimfuno ezidumileyo kwaye zingoobani? Iimfuno zentlalo azibalulekanga ngaphantsi kwezidingo ze-biological. Indoda yintlalontle kwaye ayikwazi ukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle koluntu. Ukwamkelwa kunye nodumo lomntu ngumphumo womsebenzi kunye nobuchule. Kodwa kumntu kungokwemvelo ukuba ngumsebenzi oqhelekileyo wenkampani kwaye ufumane iileta kunye nokukhuthazwa, ezinye izikhundla eziphakamileyo kunye nokuzama ukuphakama kuyadingeka njengomoya. Ziziphi iimfuno ezihloniphekileyo ngokwenene:
- kugxininisa isimo (iimpahla ezibiza, imoto);
- umnqweno wokuma kwaye ukhange umdla;
- uphuhliso kwisicwangciso sobuchule (ukufunda rhoqo, ukuhamba kwezifundo);
- umnqweno weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo.
Ziziphi iimfuno zobuxoki?
Iimfuno zoluntu zinyani neyonyani - ukuhlukana okunjalo kusekelwe kwizinto ezibalulekileyo kwaye ziyimfuneko kwaye oko kubonakala kubalulekile kwaye kuyimfuneko. Izidingo zamanga zibekwa ebuntwaneni ngabazali "bayazi" umntwana ukuba yintoni efuna ukuyenza, kwiziphi izicatshulwa okanye izigaba zokuhamba. Iimfuno ezinjalo ziqikelelekanga kwaye zixhomekeke ekungonelelweni kwezidingo ezisisiseko zabazali. Kamva, xa umntu sele esele ekhulile, uhlala ekhokelwa ngumbono wabanye abantu.
Ukungafunwa kweminqweno kunye neminqweno kunokukhokelela kumnqweno wokwaneliseka ngokubunjwa kwamanye, iimfuno eziwonakalisayo:
- Izidingo zentlalo ezingenakwenziwa (ukuthanda ngamandla) - ukunyanzeliswa kwekhaya, ubundlobongela ;
- Izidingo ezisisiseko zokukhusela, ukuthuthuzela, ukuqatshelwa kunye nothando zithatyathwa yintsifo, kuxhomekeke kwiikhemikhali, utywala.
Iimfuno zabantu zichaphazela njani uphuhliso loluntu?
Iimfuno zomntu wanamhlanje kuluntu lwabantu banamhlanje zidlulile ngaphaya kwale minyaka eyikhulu edlulileyo. Ngama-hierarchically, ahlala efana, kodwa ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubela phambili kwabangela ukwanda kwamathuba okuphucula ubomi bemihla ngemihla, iinkqubo zokukhusela, kunye noqhagamshelwano kude. Indlela iimfuno zabantu ezichaphazela ngayo uluntu luyinkqubo efanayo:
- Iimfuno zikhuthaza ukuhamba kunye nenkqubela;
- Inkqubela phambili kukukhuthaza abantu ukuba babe neemfuno ezintsha (ngokuphindaphindiweyo zendalo).