Altruism - inzuzo kunye neengxaki

I-Altruism yinto ekhoyo ukusuka kumaxesha amandulo. Kuye kubekho abantu abonwabileyo kubamelwane kubaluleke ngaphezu kowabo. Ukungabi nantoni, izenzo ezingathandekiyo, ububele, ukuthambekela kwenceba nokunyaniseka ziyimpawu ezibonisa ukuba uncedo.

Altruism - yintoni na?

I-Altruism ligama (isiLatini elithi "abanye") lithetha umsebenzi wokuzithandela womntu kwabanye abafuna uncedo lwabantu. Kukholelwa ukuba ukunyaniseka kwenyaniso akuhambelani nokufumana inzuzo, ngaphandle koko isenzo esithandabuzayo siphumelela ukubaluleka kwayo kunye nexabiso. Ngubani ongu-altruist - lo mbuzo waphendulwa kakuhle ngumfilosofi waseRussia u-V. Soloviev: ngumntu onobunye nabanye abantu ngokuziphatha, unomdla kwiinjongo zabo kunye nolonwabo. U mzekelo wokuba

• umnikelo;
• ukuzithandela (ukucocwa kwemimandla, ukucocwa kwemilambo, ukusebenza kuma-hospice, kwintsimi yeengozi, kwiindawo zokuhlala ezilwaneni);
• iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zothando;
• ngcebiso;
• ukuzidela (ukusindisa abanye ngeendleko zobomi bomntu).

Altruism kwi Psychology

Inwaba kunye nokuchuma, umdla kunye nokusinda kwabanye abantu kubaluleke ngakumbi kunabo. I-altruism kwengqondo yinto enomdla okanye "ukunceda" ukuziphatha komntu umntu ongu-altruist ozithandela abanye abantu kunye nomqhubi ohamba phambili apha unomnqweno owenzela inhlalakahle kubantu abangalindelanga umvuzo wezenzo zabo. Iimbangela zokuzibulala:

1. Uvelwano. Uvelwano lokubandezeleka kwengqondo. Ukukwazi ukuzibeka endaweni yomntu ohluphekileyo.
2. Unemvakalelo engathandekiyo, onokuyichitha xa ubhala ingqalelo kubandezeleka kwabanye kwaye ugxile ekubancedeni.

Altruism Philosophy

I-Altruism ingumxholo owenziwe ngumfilosofi waseFransi u-O. Comte ngokuchasene ne-egoism. Umgaqo "wokuphila kwabanye" ufumene uphuhliso lwawo kwiXesti yeXIX. kwisakhelo sefilosofi yokuziphatha kwaye yaquka ezi zilandelayo:

• ukuthintela iminqweno yothando malunga nabanye;
• ukuzimela;
• Izenzo akufanele ziphule amalungelo kunye neemfuno zabantu.

Ngekhulu lama-XX. ukuguquka njengento echazwe kwakhona ngabafilosofi kwaye iphakanyiswe kwiqela "lokunceda ukuziphatha", ngokusekelwe kwimilinganiselo yokunyamekela. Abafilosofi kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo bavumelana ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwimbonakalo emodareyitha yinto enamandla kunye nokukhethwa kwintlalo kunye nokubunjwa koluntu lonke.

Altruism - inzuzo kunye neengxaki

I-Altruism yimbuliso efunekayo ebantwini kunye nokuguqulwa kwePlanethi yoMhlaba. Kodwa njengawo nawuphi na umonakalo, kukho zombini amacandelo achukumisayo kunye nesithunzi. I-Altruism inokujongwa kumxholo "omnyama nomhlophe". Impawu zobuninzi bokuzikhukhumeza nokungabi nabugovu:

• ihlabathi liba nobubele kwaye likhuseleke;
• ngobomi besazela;
• neva lonwabo;
• ukunyaniseka ukusuka kwikhomishini yezenzo ezilungileyo;
• inkqubela kunye nokuzivelela koluntu;
• ukuqonda kwabantu utshintsho;
• ixabiso lobomi liyacaca.

Umntu onokuguquka:

• umqulu onobungozi ukuhlaziywa kweminqweno yomntu, ukuphulwa komntu kuzo zonke iingqondo;
• "Ukulungiswa kwinqanaba" - izenzo ezilungileyo ziqala ukuqhutyelwa ukuze zenze uvakalelo lwazo;
• ngamanye amaxesha, isenzo esichukumisayo siphela ngokufa.

Iintlobo ze-altruism

I-Altruism, njengento ebonakalayo, ithatha ngaphakathi kuyo umnqweno womntu ukuvumelanisa kuye kunye nokuzama "ukugqithisa iingqungquthela ezibukhali" kweli hlabathi ngokubonakalisa uvelwano, ububele kunye novelwano ngamanye amaxesha kubingelela egameni lobomi babanye. Kodwa kubonakaliswa ngabanye - i-altruism ibonakala ehlukileyo, yintoni na phakathi kweengcali kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezinokuthi:

1. I-Altruism, etholakala kwisibeleko novelwano, lububele kunye nesizathu sokubonisa imfesane. Olu hlobo lokuguquka luphawu lwesondlo kunye nobudlelwane nabantu abasondeleyo nabahlobo. Kukho imfuneko yokunceda ngeemvakalelo zothando kunye nothando.
2. Ukuziphatha okubi. Ikhonkco eliphambili le "censor" langaphakathi lomntu unembeza kunye nesimo sengqondo sokuziphatha, esekelwe kwingqiqo yangaphakathi yokuba oku kuya kwenziwa nantoni na endaweni yayo. Umlinganiselo wokuchaneka kwezenzo ukungabikho kwecala nokuthula kwengqondo.
3. Ukuzibongela yindlela ephosakeleyo yokuguquka, enemiba emibini. Okulungileyo - ubuhle obungaphezu kwamandla abantu, ngexesha apho kukho umbingelelo kunento ebalulekileyo kumntu, ngamanye amaxesha ubomi. Ngokuphambuka kwengqondo, njengokuzondayo, okunjalo ukuguquka kungabonakalisa uphawu lokunciphisa.
4. Ukuziphendulela ngokwemvelo ngumzamo womntu ukufumana ukulinganisela phakathi kweemfuno zakhe kwaye ungaphulaphuli iimfuno zabanye. Iinyathelo ezingenanto ziqwalaselwa ngenyameko. Ulungelelaniso olusisigxina ngumntu ongeke akwazi ukuzilimaza yena kunye nabantu.

I-Altruist ne-philanthropist-umahluko

Iingcamango ezibini ezikufutshane ze-altruist kunye ne-philanthropist zikwahlulo lwe-altruism ezibangelwa uvelwano, kodwa u-philanthropist udlula ngaphaya kuncedo lwalamane, kwaye uhlanganisa indawo eninzi ngemisebenzi yakhe. Abafaki-zintlalo ngabantu abaququzelela inceba, ngabo bazinyamekela ngokukhetha izicwangciso ezithile ngokwabo, umzekelo, ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana ezinobungozi okanye iindawo zoluntu olungakhuselekanga. Intsholongwane inentsingiselo ebanzi, kubandakanywa nombono "wobubele."

Altruism nokuzingca

I-altruist ne-egoist zichasayo iingcamango, kodwa zonke izinto ezichasene nomntu oyedwa, ukunyaniseka nokuzingca . Igolide yegolide kuthetha ukudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi mpawu, ngaphandle koko kuya kuba ngumnikelo ogqithiseleyo okanye u-egoism ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku akukwenzeka ngenxa yeempembelelo zangaphakathi, kodwa ukugwetywa kwabanye. Umntu ongu-altriist angaguqukela ukuba yi-egoist ukuba izenzo zakhe ezilungileyo zigwetywe ngumntu obona iinjongo ezifihlakeleyo kwimbonakalo yoncedo.