Ingqondo yomntu iyimfihlelo kwimvelo. Yintoni i-schizophrenia - isifo okanye imbono eyahlukileyo yehlabathi langaphandle, eyahlukileyo nokucinga, imbono yabantu abaninzi - akukho mvumelwano phakathi kwabagula ngengqondo. Ipesenteji yengxaki phakathi kwabantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zentlalo, imeko zendalo, ihlala ihlala ihlala ihlala-1%.
Schizophrenia - yintoni na?
Ukuguqulelwa kwi-Greek schizophrenia yakudala isiGrike isahluko - ukwahlukana, i-frenio ngumphefumlo. I-Schizophrenia yintlupheko yengqondo ebonakalisa ukulahlekelwa komanyano wemisebenzi yengqondo (ukucinga, iimvakalelo, ukuqonda) ngokutshintsha kwabo kunye nokukhawuleza nokukhawuleza komntu. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kweso sifo kubonakaliswa kukungabikho komzimba, ukungeniswa. Ukuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia kwisigaba samazwe ngamazwe e-ICD-10 sinomgaqo F 20.
I-Schizophrenia - izizathu ze
Izibonakaliso ezahlukileyo ze-disorder ayiniki impendulo engabonakaliyo kumbuzo wemvelaphi yale psychopathology. Iingcali, izizathu ze-schizophrenia, zihlulwe ngokwasemthethweni ngamaqela amathathu:
- Izizathu zeBhiliyo : ukusetyenziswa kwemfuyo, ukusetyenziswa ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ezithunyelwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, izifo zentsholongwane / i-bacterial (i-herpes, i-rubella, i-toxoplasmosis), i-toxoplasmosis), i-theory, i-neurobiological-inability of transmission of "hormone yolonwabo" i-serotonin.
- Iingcamango zengqondo : i-archaic ingcinga iyasebenza kwaye ibonakaliswa ngokungahambisani nemigwebo, "imiyalezo emibini" - "musa ukuxoka!", Nangona abazali bahlala bekhohlisa, "Ndiyakuthanda kakhulu" - umntwana utyhafile emoyeni "ubanda" entloko. Imiyalezo engabonakaliyo ibangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu: i-existential theory - ihlabathi elingaphakathi lomntu unelisekile kuye, ezinye iimpawu zokujonga ihlabathi ziyanqatshwa.
- Iinkalo zentlalo : kwizixeko ipesenti ye-schizophrenia iphakamileyo kunemizana, inkohlakalo kwintsapho; ukumelana nokunyamezela, ukukhathazeka kwengqondo .
Ngaba i-schizophrenia ifa?
Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo kwakungekho buchule bobuchwephesha, abantu bazama ukuhlala kude neentsapho ezinezihlobo "ezidenge" - oku kwakuhlobo lwesalathisi sokona. Namhlanje, abantu abatsha abaxhamla ngokuphathelele ubudlelwane bazama ukufumanisa abo bahamba nabo ngaphambi kokuba babophe umtshato, kodwa kwenzeka nokuba kuvela xa umfazi ekhulelwe, nokuba ngaba kukho ithuba lokuba i-schizophrenia izuze ilifa lomntwana, kule meko kuyimfuneko Ukubonisana ngeGenesis. Iinkalo zehlabathi zinika ipesenti zesifo esenzekayo:
- i-schizophrenia ixhatshazwa ngumama, uyise, ugogo, umkhulu-46%;
- amawele afanayo-ukuya kuma-50%, ama- raznoyaytsevye amawele (ukuba omnye wabazali uyagula) - 18%;
- ugula ngelinye ilungu lentsapho yezizukulwana ezimbini-12%;
- abantakwabo - 6%;
- ukucaphuka komnye wabazali, okanye ugogo, utata-5%;
- abazala - 2%;
- ngaphandle kobunzima "obunzima" - 1%.
Iimpawu zeSchizophrenia
Yintoni i-schizophrenia kwimbonakaliso yokubonakalisa kunye nendlela yokukrokra isifo. Impawu zokuqala ze-schizophrenia zenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwixesha elivela kwiminyaka eyi-14-25, kodwa ziyakwazi ukuzibonakalisa ebuntwaneni kunye neminyaka ekhulileyo. Iingqondo zichaza iimpawu eziphambili ezifunekayo:
- ukwahlukana (ukuhoxisa kumava akho);
- ukungabikho kwemvakalelo - "uthando / inzondo";
- ukwehla kwintando "yobuvila obungapheliyo" - umntu ongenasizathu sokungafuni ukuya esikolweni, emsebenzini, walahlekelwa umdla kuye yonke into awayeyithandayo;
- Ukungafanelanga ukuchaphazeleka - ukuphendula ngokungafanelekanga kwiziganeko: uhleka, ufunda ngesiganeko esibuhlungu kwaye wakhala ngenxa yokuvuya;
- ukuguquka kwemizwelo - ukuhlaselwa koyika, ukwesaba okungenakushukunyiswa.
Iimpawu ze-schizophrenia kubafazi-ukuziphatha
Ingqungquthela yesi sifo kubasetyhini iwela kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kweyimi-25, inokukhupha izinto ezihlukeneyo: uxinzelelo olude lwexesha elide, ingqondo ye-neurotic, i-schizoid ye-character accentuation, i- post-depression depression . Iimpawu ze-schizophrenia kwabasetyhini:
- ukuziphatha - zikho izithethe ezingenanto. Kukho ukuxhalaba, ukucaphukisa, ukunyanzelisa
- ukwesaba okukhulu kunye nokusola, ukuqulunqa iimpawu zezifo ezingekho;
- ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo;
- Ubume obusweleyo, ubuso be-monotone bendiza yezwi;
- ekusebenziseni amagama amanga;
- i-vagrancy;
- Ukubonakala okungahambi kakuhle: unxibe iimpahla ezifanayo, unqabile ukugcina ucoceko lwakhe, akayikudibanisa iinwele zakhe;
- uyayigxeka imisebenzi yakhe ngokuphathelele abantwana, indoda yakhe.
Iimpawu ze-schizophrenia kumadoda-ukuziphatha
I-bell yokuqala yokukhathazeka ibonakala kubantu kwiminyaka engaphambili kunabesifazana, kwiminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwe-29. Iimpawu ze-schizophrenia kumadoda ziyafana, kodwa ngokwahlukileyo kwimeko yesifo:
- i-autistic kunye ne-introverted zichazwe ngakumbi;
- izigaba eziqhubekayo zesifo zihlala ixesha elide;
- i-resonance echazwayo (ukuchonga);
- phantse ayikwazi ukuphiliswa.
Iintlobo ze-schizophrenia
Yintoni i-schizophrenia kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo? Umfanekiso wesifo wesifo uxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Iingqondo zichaza iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekliniki kunye neeprospecies. Iindidi ze-classical schizophrenia. I-schizophrenia elula yifom eqhubekayo (epholileyo):
- ukungazinzi;
- i-hypovolemia;
- izenzo zobubi;
- i-resonance;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kweengcamango;
- autism.
Ikhoyo yenyukliya yamanje ye-schizophrenia (ngokukhawuleza, kwi-dementia yokuqala):
- ukungabikho kwemfesane;
- elula;
- intloko yeentloko ezinempawu "ezingavamile" ("ayifuni inxalenye engaphambili yengqondo").
I -paranoid schizophrenia (i-hallucinatory-paranoid):
- okwenyaniso kunye neengcamango zokungena ngamatyala kwiindawo zokuqala zesifo;
- iingcamango ezingamanga (i-delirium yomona, intshutshiso);
- ukwanda kwe autism;
- ukoyika okungenangqiqo;
- Iingxoxo zokuthetha ngomlomo ngeengxoxo / i-monologue;
- kwisifundo esibi (ekuqaleni kobuncinci) i-delirium iba yinto emangalisayo (ukuphinda kuhlaziywe ngokutsha).
I-catatonic schizophrenia iqulethe izigaba ezi-2:
- I-Catatonic i-stupor - ikhupha kwindawo ethile, i-wax flexibility. Ukuba intloko yomntu iphakanyiswa ngaphaya komlambo, unokugcina le ndawo ixesha elide. Isigulana sihlala iiyure kwixesha elinye, kwiingcamango zidweba imifanekiso, apho igosa elihle.
- Ukuxolisa kwe-Cataton (imoto, intetho). Izigulane zinobudlova, ngokukhawuleza zinyuka kwaye zigijime. Iimvalo ezintle ezintle.
I-Gebefrenic schizophrenia (ekuqaleni kobutsha ):
- ububudenge nokuhleka okungenangqondo;
- ukuziphatha okungenangqondo;
- ukwanda kwimiqondiso engalunganga;
- ukuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza kobuntu ngokuphazamiseka kokucinga.
I-schizophrenia enobudenge (i- schizotypal disorder ) njengoko ukuxilongwa kungekhona ekuhlelweni, kodwa iyaqhubeka isetyenziswe ngabagula ngengqondo baseRussia, ukuxilongwa kunzima ngokungafi na iimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Yiyiphi i-schizophrenia enobudenge kwiimpawu:
- ulungiso;
- ukunyaniseka ngendlela yokugqoka, ukunyaniseka kwentetho;
- "Imilingo" imbono yehlabathi;
- utshintsho ekucingeni luncinci.
I-Shuboobraznaya i-schizophrenia (i-paroxysmal-ifomenti yefomenti) - inesimo esi-3 sesifo esibonisa iimpawu:
- I-Malignant - ekuqaleni kwexesha (iminyaka eyi-10-12). Iziphazamiso zengqondo ngaphambi konyaka, ukungena kubaluleke kakhulu, ekugqibeleni kuyanyamalala. Isiphoso sengqondo esiqhubekayo siqhubeka.
- Ifom ye-paranoid yinto yokucwiliswa ngokukhawuleza kobuntu kuye. Iingcamango zeParanoid: abantu baqala ukubangela ukusola. Delirium ye ntshutshiso.
- Ifomu le-Schizophrenia yengubo- efana nehlambulukileyo. Iimpawu: i-mania, i- depress states .
Ingaba i-schizophrenia iyaphathwa okanye ayikho?
Ukuxilongwa "kwe-schizophrenia" kwenziwa emva kokuhlola ngokucophelela, ukujonga isigulane. Ingxaki ekupheleni ayiphilwanga, i-20-25% ikhubazekile, kunye neendlela ezinzima zokuvuza, i-80% yamatyala inokwenzeka ukuba ixolelwe ngokusisigxina, ubomi obuqhelekileyo kuluntu. Ifomu elula ye-schizophrenia kunzima kakhulu ukuyiphatha ngenxa yokungonakali kwekhosi, namhlanje akunqabile.
Unyango lwe-schizophrenia
Indlela yokuphilisa i-schizophrenia, i-psychiatrists ibuzwa lo mbuzo kwimeko nganye yesifo. Impumelelo yonyango ixhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela:
- unyango lweziyobisi;
- ukujongwa kwe-metabolism kwiishubhu zengqondo (i-ECT, unyango lwe-insulin-shock-shock);
- i-psychotherapy (iseshoni, iseshoni zeqela, unyango lwezengqondo-zokuziphatha);
- Ukuthintela - ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kweziyobisi kunceda ukuphepha ukubuyela;
- nenkxaso yezihlobo.
Abantu, bejamelene nesifo kwizihlobo zabo, bayazibuza indlela yokuziphatha ngesigulane schizophrenic, oogqirha bancomela:
- Ukubonelela ngokukhululekile, iimeko ezikhuselekileyo.
- Ukwamkela nokuqonda.
- Ukulawulwa kokuthotyelwa ngamachiza.
Ukulungiselela unyango lwe-schizophrenia
Iingxaki zonyango yamayeza ziquka ukungena kunye neepilisi kwi-schizophrenia. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu beempawu, misela amaqela eziyobisi.
- I-neuroleptics : i-sedatives-aminazine, i-clozapine; i-antipsychotic - tryptazine, i-haloperidol, i-parnasan.
- I- tvilivilizatory - fenazepam, bromazepam, diazepam.
- I- antidepressants - pirlindol, amitriptyline.
Unyango lwe-schizophrenia kunye nezilwanyana zomntu
Iyeza elisemthethweni njengeliyeza le-schizophrenia alithatyathwa, isiguli sigxininisa imeko yakhe, kodwa unyango lwamayeza lusetyenziselwa ngaphezu kwonyango:
- ukuhlamba kunye nokongezwa kwamagqabi ase-aspen - inomphumo wokuguqula;
- Umhluzi womhluzi - uphucula ubuthongo;
- Iimbonki ze-hops, i-lavender ethunyelwe emkhombeni ivelisa i-calming effect.
Isondlo schizophrenia
Ukutya kwi-schizophrenia kukutya okupheleleyo kwaye kufuneka kuqulethe izinto eziyimfuneko. Uluhlu oluthile lwemveliso ye "antischizophrenic diet":
- iintlanzi ezityebileyo;
- inyama ephilileyo;
- iimveliso ezicebile kwiivithamini zeqela B (okusanhlamvu okusuka kwi-grains epheleleyo, isinkwa se-bran);
- Iimveliso ezixhatshazwayo: iibhanana, i-almonds, i-strawberries, ubusi.
- izithelo zemvelo kunye nemifuno.