Izifo zentsholongwane yokuphefumula ( ARI ) zenza ama-95% amachiza enyango kumgqirha. I-diagnostic eyona nto ingumkhuhlane, ichaphazela malunga nesiqingatha sezigidi zabantu emhlabeni, ukubuyela ngokujikeleza ngesimo seengculazi. Ngonyango oluchanekileyo kwesi sifo kulula ukujamelana nayo, into ephambili kukuxilonga ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Indlela yokubona umkhuhlane?
Umfanekiso weklinikhi we-pathology udlalwa yizigulane njengobanda, kodwa akukho gama lonyango kwiyeza. Kukho imigaqo ecacileyo yokujonga umkhuhlane aze awuhlule kwezinye izifo zokuphefumula:
- ekuqaleni;
- utywala;
- uphuhliso olukhawulezayo;
- iimpawu zokugula.
Izibonakaliso zentsholongwane kubantu abadala
Ubonakaliso obunobunzima bokusuleleka ngentsholongwane yentsholongwane yentsholongwane buxhomekeke kummandla we-immune system. Ukuba ibuthathaka, umfanekiso wekliniki uqinisa. Izibonakaliso zentsholongwane kumntu omdala:
- ubuthathaka, ukulala;
- amandla aphantsi okusebenza;
- intloko;
- ukwanda okweqile kwindleko yokushisa kuma-38-39 degrees;
- isicefe
- i-aches kuma-joints, imisipha;
- ku krazula;
- ubomvu bamehlo;
- Ulwabiwo-mali olucacileyo ukusuka ekhaleni;
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba;
- ukuhlanza (ngokungaqhelekanga);
- tachycardia.
Kamva, ukunyuswa kwemibonakalo kwandisiwe, kwaye ezinye ezongezelelweyo zongezwa:
- umqala ;
- ukukhwehlela;
- coryza;
- ukukrazula.
Iimpawu ze-Influenza kuBantwana
Umntwana usenokuba neengxaki zokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ka-HIV, kuba ukukhuseleka kwintshukumo engakabonakali. Imiqondiso ye-Influenza kwiintsana:
- u buqhetseba;
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- ukuqonda;
- uxhalaba;
- kulala;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwesidlo, ukulahlwa kwebele;
- ukuphindaphinda rhoqo;
- izitulo ezithe
- ukuphefumula umoya;
- kamva - impumlo eqhutyayo, ukukhwehlela.
Kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kweyoku-1, uphawu lwempawu lusondele kumfanekiso omdala weklinikhi:
- bushushu;
- utywala;
- intloko, idibeneyo, intlungu yomzimba;
- ubuthathaka, ukulala;
- ngxamele ukutya;
- dysphonia;
- umqala kunye nomkhuhlane;
- coryza;
- ukuhlanza;
- intlungu esiswini.
I-Flu - diagnostic
Isifo esicatshungulwayo kulula ukucacisa ngeempawu zayo ezithile, kodwa kukho iimvavanyo ezizodwa zelabhoratri ekufumaneni kwayo. Ukuxilongwa kwentsholongwane kubandakanya ukufundwa kwezinto eziphathekayo zezofuzo (i-smears ezivela ekhaleni, emqaleni, nge-conjunctiva) ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- i-polymerase chain reaction ( PCR );
- indlela ye-antibodies ye-fluorescent (i-MFA);
- i-virology ngeempendulo zokungapheleli.
I-Flu - gravity
Ukunyangwa kwesifo esicacisayo sokuphefumula kuxhomekeke kwintsebenzo yenkqubela phambili kunye nobunzima beempawu. Kukho oku kulandelelwano olulandelayo lwe-ARVI:
- Ifom ye-influenza. Ubushushu bomzimba abugqithisi ama-38.5 degrees. Intloko, imisipha kunye neentlungu ezidibeneyo zincinci okanye zibuthathaka. Ukutshabalalisa kungabikho okanye kwenzeka kuma-1-2 ngamaxesha. Ulusu lwesikhumba, izandi zentliziyo ezixubileyo, ngamanye amaxesha - tachycardia. Impawu ezicacileyo zentsholongwane ephezulu yokuphefumula.
- I-Influenza yobunzima obuphakathi. Umkhuhlane ufinyelela kumgangatho we-38.5-39.5 degrees. Kukho iintlungu ezinzima entloko, amajoyina, ama-eyeballs kunye nezihlunu, ukuhlanza amaninzi. Ngosuku lwesithathu lesi sifo, i-nosebleeds yenzeke, i-tachycardia iphawulwe, izandi zentliziyo zengqungquthela.
- Inkqubo ephezulu yefuthe. Ukushisa kuphakama ukuya kuma-39.5 degrees nangaphezulu, okuhamba kunye nokuvinjelwa, ukunyaniseka, i-delirium kunye neengcinga. Intlungu yesifo ibuhlungu kwaye ibuhlungu, ukuhlanza kudla rhoqo. Isembozo sekhumba sinebala kakhulu, "imarble", imilomo kunye neendawo ezungeze emlonyeni zifumana umthunzi we-cyanotic. Umsebenzi wentliziyo ubuhlungu, iimeko ezinzima zivela kwindlela yokufakela kwiintsholongwane ze-bacteria.
- Umbane (i-hypertoxic) ifom. Ixesha elifutshane lokuxubusha nokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Unyango lwe-influenza kule meko kufuneka ukhawuleze kwaye umile. Inkqubo yesiseko senzwa, intliziyo nemiphunga zichaphazelekayo. Ngolu hlobo lwesifo, isiphumo esibulalayo sinokwenzeka.
Yingozi kangakanani umkhuhlane?
Ingxaki ebalulekileyo yeentsholongwane zentsholongwane yokuphefumula yiengxaki zabo, ngakumbi emva kokufakela kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane. Imiphumo eyingozi yomshukela:
- bronchitis;
- pneumonia ;
- i-edema yengqondo;
- i-meningitis;
- sinusitis;
- neuralgia;
- i-radiculopathy;
- meningoencephalitis;
- otitis media ;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo;
- myositis;
- pericarditis;
- ukuhlasela kwentliziyo;
- myocarditis;
- I-Reye's syndrome;
- glomerulonephritis;
- ukuxhomekeka kwesikhalazo;
- ukungabikho komphunga kunye nabanye.
Indlela yokuphatha umkhuhlane?
Isiseko sonyango lweentsholongwane zentsholongwane yokuphefumula yinkxaso yesistim somzimba. Ukuba akukho nxalenye yebhaktheriya yesifo, iifomasti kuphela ezisisiseko zonyango kufuneka ziqinisekise ukukhutshwa kwezibonakaliso zekliniki zokugula. Ngendlela epholileyo kunye neyokulinganisela kwesifo, ukunyangwa kwabangamayeza okukhulelwa kwintsholongwane kucetyiswa - iingcebiso zekliniki:
- ukuphumla kombhede;
- u ku valelwa;
- isiselo esininzi esinxilisayo;
- yokutya ukutya okunobuthi;
- Ukuhlambulula umoya kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kwendawo;
- Ukuhlamba imihla ngemihla kwindawo yokuhlamba.
Indlela yokuphatha umkhuhlane kubantu abadala?
Ukongezelela kumanyathelo angentla, unyango lwe-ARVI luquka ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza. Unyango lwe-influenza ekhaya luquka ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-etiotropic ezichaphazela imbangela yesifo, kunye neziyobisi ezisetyenziswayo ezikhupha imeko yomntu. Iipilisi zamaphepha okanye amanqatha kufuneka athathwe ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezintathu zokuqala emva kokusuleleka. Kamva, unyango lwe-etiotropic ye-influenza alusebenzi, kuba iiseli ze-pathogenic sele zisasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba.
Izidakamizwa ze-Symptomatic zikhethwe ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zeklinikhi ezikhulayo. Ezi ziquka amayeza anjalo:
- antihistamines;
- ezichasayo;
- iipilisi;
- antipyretic;
- izisombululo ze-vasoconstrictive (impumlo);
- ochasayo;
- mucolytics;
- umxhasi.
Unyango lwe-influenza kubantwana
Zonke iindlela zonyango lwe-ARVI kubantu abadala ziyasebenza xa umntwana ekhulelwe. Ngaphambi kokuba uphathe umkhuhlane ekhaya, kucetyiswa ukuba udibane nodokotela wezilwanyana uze uqinisekise ukuba uxilongwe. Iimpawu zokuqala zentsholongwane ekubhekiselwe kuyo zifana nezinye izilonda zentsholongwane ezivame ukuvela ebuntwaneni: inkukhu yenkukhu, imasisi kunye ner rubella.
Umngcipheko omkhulu we-influenza kumntwana ukonakala komzimba ngokusuka kwimvelaphi yokuhlanza, isifo sohudo, isifo somkhuhlane kunye nezitulo eziqhelekileyo. Abazali bafanele bajonge i-regimen yokuphuza umntwana, ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi emzimbeni kunokubangela ukuba kubekho iingxaki ezinzulu. Iintsana kufuneka zisetyenziswe rhoqo kwibele okanye zinike ibhotile. Abantwana abakhulileyo bayacetyiswa ukuba baphuphe iglasi ye-compote efudumeleyo, itiye ye-herbal okanye amanzi eseleyo nganye iiyure eziyi-0.5.
Indlela yokuphatha umkhuhlane ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ngethuba lokuxhatshazwa, abafazi mabangafanele bathathe phantse bonke abameli be-pharmacy. Unyango lwe-influenza kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo uncinci kwiziphakamiso zeklinikhi ezisisiseko. Ukufumana unyango olungumqondiso, imishanguzo ekhuselekileyo (i-Paracetamol kunye neentetho zayo), amalungiselelo endalo ngokusekelwe kwimifuno kunye nemveliso yokutya, i-inhalation isetyenziswa. Ukunyanga okufanelekileyo kwindlovu kumama olindelekileyo kufuneka kuphuhliswe ngumgqirha. Ukuthintela kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinamandla, oko kuyingozi kumntwana.
Kunokuba uphathe umkhuhlane?
Ngekhosi eqhelekileyo yentsholongwane yokuphefumula kwintsholongwane ngaphandle kweengxaki zebhaktheriya, kusetyenziswe imithi emfutshane yeyeza. Kunokuba uphathe umkhuhlane ekhaya ngokumalunga neempawu, kuyadingeka ukuba usombulule ngokubonakala kweempawu zentsholongwane. Ukuba ukusuleleka kufunyanwe ekuqaleni kokuqhubeka kwesifo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphuze ikhosi yeziyobisi.
Unyango lwe-influenza - iziyobisi
Ngethuba lexesha lokucubungula okucetywayo kunye neentsuku zokuqala ezintathu emva kokusuleleka, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthathe iziyobisi ze-etiotropic. Iipilisi zamaphepha antiviral malunga nomkhuhlane:
- Tamiflu;
- Amantadine;
- Engistol;
- Midantan;
- Amizon;
- Grippferon;
- Agri;
- Kagocel;
- Remantadine;
- Adapromine;
- Lavomax;
- Ergoferon;
- Arbidol;
- Relenza;
- Anaferon;
- Triazavirin nabanye.
Ulwaphulo olunzulu lomkhuhlane luquka ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezibonisa izifo. Antihistamines:
- Telfast;
- Suprastin;
- Zodak;
- Loratadine;
- IFenistil kunye nezifana.
Ulwaphulo oluvuthayo olunempembelelo:
- Nalgezin;
- Ibuprofen;
- Naproxen;
- Pentalgin;
- I-Nurofen kunye neentetho.
Antipyretics:
- Paracetamol ;
- Ibuklin;
- Efferalgan;
- Viburkol;
- Antiflu kunye neempawu.
Amaconsi kwimpumlo:
- Ximelin;
- YamaNazivin;
- Otrivin;
- ITysine;
- Nazol nabanye.
Amachiza okukhwehlela:
- Lazolvan ;
- Ambroxol;
- Herbion;
- Broncholitin;
- I-Clenbuterol kunye neentetho.
Unyango lwe-influenza kunye namachiza omntu
Amachiza asemvelo yonyango olusebenzayo oluxhasa umsebenzi we-immune system kwaye unciphisa iimpawu ze-ARVI. Ukunyanga umkhuhlane ekhaya kunye nezilwanyana zengqesho zinganele ukufumana ngokupheleleyo. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikezelwe kwimimiselo enikezelwa ngabazali beintsana kunye nabafazi bokamva, abangenakusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezininzi zezobisi.
Phuza nomkhuhlane kwinqanaba lokuqala
Izithako :
- amanzi afudumele abilisiwe - 1.5 ilitha;
- itafile enkulu ityuwa okanye ityuwa yolwandle - 1 ithisipuni;
- ascorbic acid kwi powder - 1 g;
- ijusi lemon - 50 ml.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa :
- Dissolve emanzini zonke izithako.
- Gxotha kakuhle umbane.
- Phuza i-remedy kwisithuba se-2-2.5 iiyure, mhlawumbi ngosuku lokuqala emva kokusuleleka.
Imviwo ye-anti-flu
Izithako :
- Amanzi ashushu (angabi ngamanzi abilayo) - 1 iglasi;
- Ingcambu yeginger yegrated - 1 ithispoon nge-slide;
- i-lemon - i-slice encane;
- ubusi - 2 tsp;
- amaqabunga e-minti-5-7.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Hlanganisa ingcambu yeginger kunye nobusi.
- Dlulela ukubunjwa ngamanzi ashushu.
- Yongeza i-lemon kunye ne-mint, uyibeke nge-spoon.
- Ukumisa imizuzu eyi-15-30.
- Thatha isiselo 1 maxesha ngosuku.
Itiyi yemifuno yomkhuhlane
Izithako :
- i-chamomile izimbali - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- Ileta yokuqala - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- inceba - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- amanzi abilayo - 500 ml;
- ubusi, i-jam okanye iswekile-ukunambitha.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Gaya udibanise imifuno.
- Uwathulule ngamanzi abilayo.
- Unxininisa kwisitya esitywinwe imizuzu engama-40.
- Ukuxinwa kunye ne-tea.
- Phuza isiselo ngexesha lomhla, unako ukongeza amaqabunga ambalwa kwintsimbi entsha.
Antipyretic umhluzi
Izithako :
- iparele ye-pearl - 100 g;
- amanzi - 1 l;
- ubusi - 1 tsp.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Bilisa i-rump kwi-heat ephantsi imizuzu eyi-15.
- Kopa, gcoba umhluzi.
- Umbane obangelwayo uxutywe nobusi.
- Phuza iyeza phambi kokulala.
Ngaba ndinokuthatha i-antibiotic yentsholongwane?
Isifo esichazwe sisifo sosulelo lwentsholongwane, ngoko i-antimicrobials ayinamandla kule meko. I-antibiotikthi ekuchasene nomkhuhlane ayikho nje kuphela, kodwa inokubangela ingozi. La mayeza anciphisa umzimba womzimba, ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane iyanda kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Iimeko kuphela xa kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ama-antimicrobial agents ukuba unyango lwe-influenza eqinile. Xa isifo sobungozi singena, i-antibiotics inceda ukunqanda, kodwa kuphela ugqirha kufuneka abone.
Akunjani ukugula ngesifo somkhuhlane?
Kukho amanyathelo aqhelekileyo kunye namacandelo athile okukhusela usulelo lwe-ARVI.
Uthintelo oluqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane kunye nokubandayo:
- Ukutya okuphezulu.
- Indlela yokuphila ephilileyo.
- Ixesha elaneleyo lokuphumla.
- Umsebenzi wezobugcisa.
- Ukuthobela imithetho yezempilo.
- Ukunyamekela komzimba.
- Ukuphepha iindawo kunye nabantu abaninzi ngexesha lwezifo zesifo.
- Ukwamkelwa kwe-vitamin complexes, ukuxilonga iziyobisi.
Indlela ethile yokukhusela i-pathology igonyo lokulwa nomkhuhlane. Ukuphumelela kokugonywa kuye kwavunywa kliniki, kodwa yinkqubo yokuzithandela. Oogqirha bacebisa ukuzisa ugonyo kubantu abakwiindawo eziphezulu:
- bantwana;
- badala;
- abaqeshwa bamaziko emfundo nakwizonyango;
- abantu abane-immunodeficiency states.