Ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle - kubonakala ngathi yinto engumzekelo wexesha elidlulileyo kwaye kufuneka ungene ekugqibeleni, kodwa into yangoku iyenzeka ukuba ngolunye uhlobo okanye olunye ulungelelwano kuluntu lukho namhlanje kwaye oku kubangela ukungabi nabulungisa kulabo bantu abachaphazelekayo nokungalingani kwezentlalo.
Ukungalingani kwezentlalo - yintoni na?
Ubungalingani bezenhlalakahle zentlalo bekhona kumaxesha amandulo obomi bokuziphendukela kwabantu. Imbali yamazwe ahlukeneyo isebenza njengobungqina obucacileyo bezinto ezikhokelela ekucinezelweni nasekugqilazweni kwabantu-ezi zi-mutinies, iindlala, izilwanyana kunye neenguqulelo. Kodwa eli liva, elichazwe ligazi alifundisi nto. Ewe, ngoku sele ithathe ifom, ifakile. Yintoni ukungalingani kwezentlalo kuboniswe kuyo kwaye yintoni emele namhlanje?
Ukungalingani kwezentlalo kukuhlukana okanye ukuhlukana kwabantu kwiiklasi, intlalo okanye amaqela, ngokubhekiselele kwisimo sabo kuluntu, oku kuthetha ukusetyenziswa ngokungalingani kwamathuba, iinzuzo kunye namalungelo. Ukuba ukungalingani kwezentlalo kumelwe isicwangciso ngokwemigangatho yesiteji, ngoko kumanqanaba ayo aphantsi kuya kubakho abacinezelweyo, abahluphekileyo, kunye nabaphambili kunye nabacebileyo , abo banamandla kunye nemali ezandleni zabo. Lo ngumqondiso obalulekileyo wokuqulunqwa koluntu kwintsizana kunye nobutyebi. Kukho ezinye iinkalo zokungalingani kwezentlalo.
Izizathu zokungalingani kwezentlalo
Ziziphi izizathu zokungalingani kwezentlalo? AbaSomnotho babona imbangela ebangelwa ukungalingani kwipropati kunye nokusabalalisa ubutyebi ngokubanzi. I-R. Michels (isazi senzululwazi yaseJamani) wabona isizathu sokunikezela ngamalungelo amakhulu kunye nezixhobo zikaRhulumente, ezikhethwe ngabantu abanjalo. Izizathu zokungalingani koluntu ngokwembono ye-French sociologist E. Durkheim:
- Ukukhuthaza abantu abazisa inzuzo enkulu kuluntu, eyona nto ibhetele kwishishini labo.
- Izimpawu zomntu kunye neetalente zomntu, ulwabiwo kuluntu jikelele.
Iintlobo zokungalingani kwezentlalo
Iifom zokungalingani kwezentlalo zahluke, ngoko kukho izigaba ezininzi. Iintlobo zokungalingani kwezentlalo ngeziganeko zenyama:
- ubudala - lusebenza kubo bonke abantu kwixesha elidlulileyo, oku kulandelwa xa kuqesha, abantu abatsha abayithathiweyo ngenxa yokungabi namava, abantu abadala, kunye nolwazi lwabo oluninzi, bathatyathwa ngabantu abancinci, bathembisa ngokuthembisayo ukusuka kwinqanaba labaphathi babo;
- ukungalingani ngokwesondo - kwenzeni ukuba kuqwalasele into efana nokucwaswa kwabasetyhini , kuboniswe ukuba abambalwa abasetyhini abahlala kwizithuba ezithintekayo ezithatha inxaxheba kwezoqoqosho kwezobuzwe, lona wesifazane unikwe indima "ngomyeni wakhe";
- ukungalingani ngokobuhlanga - amaqela amancinci, abo abangenxalenye ye "intambo emhlophe" baxinezelekile ngenxa yezinto ezifana neengcingo kunye nobuhlanga.
Ukungalingani kwezentlalo ngokubhekiselele kwisimo kuluntu:
- ukungabikho / ukufumaneka kobutyebi;
- ukusondela kwamandla.
Ukubonakaliswa kokungalingani kwezentlalo
Impawu eziphambili zokungalingani kwezentlalo ziyabonwa kwinto efana nokwahlukana kwabasebenzi. Imisebenzi yabantu ihlukeneyo kwaye umntu ngamnye unikwe iitalente kunye nezakhono, amandla okukhula. Ukungalingani kwezentlalo kubonakaliswe njengenzuzo yokubuyela kwamalungelo kubantu abanet talent abanethemba kunye noluthembisayo kuluntu. Ukuqulunqwa koluntu okanye ukucwangciswa (ukusuka kwigama elithi "strata" - i-stratum geological) ukulungelelanisa kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukwahlula kwiiklasi, kwaye ukuba ngaphambili beyizigqila kunye namakhoboka, amakhoboka kunye nabakhonzi, ngoko kwixesha langoku lihlula:
- iklasi ephezulu;
- ephakathi;
- abahlwempuzekileyo (abasemngciphekweni);
- ngaphaya kobuhlwempu.
Imiphumo yokungalingani kwezentlalo
Ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nobuhlwempu, obangelwa kukuba izinto ezisemgangathweni zeplanethi zingasetyenziselwa kuphela abakhethiweyo zenza iimbambano kunye neemfazwe phakathi kwabantu. Iimpembelelo zikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye zibonakaliswe ekuphuculeni okucothayo kumazwe amaninzi, oku kukukhokelela ekubeni inkqubela phambili kwezoqoqosho iyancipha, idemokhrasi njengenkqubo ilahlekelwa zikhundla zayo, ukunganeliseki, ukunganeliseki, uxinzelelo lwengqondo, ukuxhatshazwa kwezenhlalakahle kukhula kuluntu. Ngokutsho kwe-UN, isiqingatha sezinto eziphathekayo zehlabathi zine-1% yazo ebizwa ngokuba yi-elite ephezulu (ukubusa kwehlabathi).
Iinkalo zokungalingani kwezentlalo
Ukungalingani kwezentlalo kuluntu njengento engabonakaliyo iipropati ezingafanelekanga, ukuba sibheka ukungalingani kwezentlalo kwinqanaba elihle, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele izinto ezibalulekileyo, xa ubakhangele ukuba bacinga ukuba yonke into "inendawo yokuhlala phantsi kwelanga". Iinkalo zokungalingani koluntu kumntu:
- ukukhuthaza ukuba ube ngowona nto ibalulekileyo kwi shishini lakho, ukwandisa iitalente kunye nezakhono zakho;
- iinjongo kulabo abafuna ukuvela kwintlupheko ;
- ukulandelelana kwimiba yezoqoqosho, abo banenkunzi-mali bavelisa izibonelelo, ngokungafani nalabo abangenayo imali enkulu kwaye banako ukuzondla ngokwabo kunye neentsapho zabo.
Imizekelo yokungalingani kwezentlalo kwimbali
Imizekelo yokungalingani kwezentlalontle okanye iinkqubo zokucwangcisa:
- Ukhoboka luyinto ephezulu kakhulu yokugqilaza, uhlobo lokuqala lokungalingani kwezentlalo ezaziwa kwasekudala.
- ICapete . Uhlobo lokuqulunqwa oluye lwaphuhlisa uluntu ukususela ekuqaleni, xa ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunqunywe yi-caste, umntwana ozalwe ngokuzalwa kwakhe kwakungomntu othile. EIndiya, kwakukholelwa ukuba ukuzalwa komntu kwi-caste kuncike kwizenzo zakhe ebomini obudlulileyo. Ama-castes amane kuphela: ama-brahmanas aphezulu, ama-kshatriyas - amaqhawe, ama-vaisyas - abarhwebi, abarhwebi, i-sudras - abalimi (i-caste ephantsi).
- Isate . Iindawo eziphakamileyo - abahloniphekileyo kunye nabafundisi banelungelo lomthetho lokudlulisa ipropati ngelifa. Abaqeqeshi beeklasi - abaculi, abalimi.
Iindlela zanamhlanje zokungalingani kwezentlalo
Ukungalingani kwezentlalo kwintlalo yanamhlanje yipropati yendalo, ngoko i-theory yentlalo yomsebenzi ibona ukucwangciswa ngendlela efanelekileyo. Inzululwazi yaseMerika uBarber yabelane ngeendlela zokuhlaziywa kwezentlalo zangoku, ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezi-6:
- Umsebenzi wobuGcisa.
- Ubukho bamandla.
- Ubutyebi kunye ne ngeniso.
- Ulwalamano lwenkolo.
- Ubukho bemfundo, ulwazi.
- Ukubhekiselele kule nto okanye elo lizwe, uhlanga.
Ukungalingani kwezentlalo kwihlabathi
Ingxaki yokungalingani kwezentlalo kukuba ubandlululo, ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu kunye nokucalucaluleka okusekelwe kwisini . Umlinganiselo wokubonisa ukungalingani kwezentlalo kuwo wonke umhlaba ngumvuzo ohlukeneyo wabemi. Izinto ezichaphazela ukulungelelaniswa kuluntu lonke kwihlabathi zihlala zifana neminyaka emininzi edlulileyo:
- indlela yokuphila- idolophu okanye esemaphandleni, inyaniso eyaziwayo ukuba kwiidolophini iintlawulo zabasebenzi zingaphantsi kweso sixeko, kwaye iimeko zihlala zibi kakhulu, kwaye umsebenzi uninzi;
- iimbopheleleko zentlalo (umama, utata, utitshala, igosa) -igqibe isimo, udumo, ubukho bamandla, ipropati;
- ukwahlukana kwabasebenzi - ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo abasebenzi bahlawulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ngaba ukungalingani kwezentlalo kususwe?
Imbali eboniswe kumaxwebhu ayayazi ixesha apho kungabikho ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nokwahlula uluntu ukuba lube yintambo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo, ngenxa yokubandezeleka kwabantu, ngoko kubalulekile ukugcina ukulinganisela kunye nomsebenzi wabantu abanamandla okuzama ukuphuhlisa uluntu, kwaye kungabikho ukunyusa iinkqubo zezoqoqosho kunye nokwandisa ubuhlwempu phakathi kwabantu. Iindlela zokunqoba ukungalingani koluntu:
- uphuhliso lweenkonzo zoluntu ;
- ukufumaneka kweyeza eliphezulu eliphezulu kunye nezemfundo;
- uncedo kumahlwempu nakhubazekileyo;
- ukuphuhliswa kwezenzo eziqhelekileyo, imithetho, ukuhlawulwa kwemali, ukukhusela i-strata engakhuselekanga yoluntu (amantombazana, abakhubazekileyo, oomama abangatshatanga);
- Ukubonelelwa kweendawo zokusebenzela kubantu abakhubazekileyo;
- ukubonelela ngamathuba alinganayo amadoda namabhinqa ekuqeshweni.