Ukuhlwayela izaqathe entwasahlobo kwindawo evulekileyo - iindlela zokutshala imbewu ekhaya

Ukucwangcisa ukuhlwayela iinqatyambo entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekileyo, kufuneka ulungiselele iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-agrotechnical, ngaphandle kokuba awukwazi ukukhula kwinani elikhulu lezityalo eziphambili kunye ezihle. Kucetyiswa ukuba uqale umsebenzi ebusika kunye nokukhangela imbewu enobulunga kunye nezichumisi ebhedini.

Ukuhlwayela izaqathe kwindawo evulekile

Abanye abaqalayo balimi balimi bakholelwa ukuba le nkcubeko ihlaziywa ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko ezikhulayo, ngoko akuyimfuneko ukulandela imigaqo yokutshala iinqathe ikhefu. Amava abonisa ukuba isimo sengqondo esingenabungozi sinokuchaphazela kakhulu iziphumo. Ukuba abantu abanomdla bahlala befumana izivuno ezizinzile, ngoko ngeendlela ezingakhathali, kunokwenzeka ukuba zikhule iziqhamo eziqhelekileyo kuphela kwiminyaka efanelekileyo. Isiphumo sokuhlwayela iinqatyambo entwasahlobo entsimini sichaphazela ukhetho lwesayithi kunye nomgangatho wokulungiselela umhlaba.

Izizathu zokufumana iinqotyi ezingaqhelekanga:

1. Ukukhawulwa kwesiqhamo kubangele ukufakwa kwezichumisi ezine-chlorine.
2. Ukusela ii-carrots zivame ukukhula xa zityalwa emhlabeni omkhulu, zingcoliswe ngamatye kunye neengxuwa.
3. Umswakama ogqithiseleyo kumhlaba ovulekile ukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwezityalo zengcambu.
4. I-nitrojeni eyongeziweyo ibangela i-branching engafunekiyo.
5. Ukutyunjwa kwemihluma engalunganga kukuchaphazela ubukhulu bezityalo.
6. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi, iinqatyambo kwindawo evulekile yokukhupha izimpande zomoya kunye nokulahlekelwa ngongoma.

Imigaqo yokuhlwayela iinqathe iindawo ezivulekileyo

Khetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhlwayela iinqatyiweyo kufuneka linyamekele, ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi eyabelwe, iintlobo zembewu, isimo sezulu, ukubunjwa komhlaba. Kwiifama ezizimeleyo, ukhetho oluthile lwezityalo ezisetyenziswayo kwesi sityalo sisetyenziswa:

1. Ukuhlwanyela kwe-Subzimnium - kwenziwa kwindawo evulekileyo ukusuka ngomhla we-20 Oktobha ukuya phakathi kaNovemba. Ukulungele indawo enesihlabathi esilula ehlabathini evulekile apho iqhwa liphuma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
2. Ukuhlwayelwa kwesanqantwa sasekuseni kwentwasahlobo iqala emibhedeni evulekileyo ukususela ngo-Ephreli ukuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Olu khetho luya kufana nalabo abafuna ukufumana ngo-Agasti izityalo zengqolowa yolondolozo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwehlobo.
3. Izityalo zasehlobo ezisemgangathweni - zenzeke phakathi koMeyi, ngale ndlela kungcono ukukhula iinqathi zeebhukhimakhi zokugcina ubusika.
4. Ukuhlwayela iinqatyambo kwindawo evulekileyo phakathi noJulayi - le miqathango ayinakudla ukusetyenziswa kwaye kwimozulu ehambelana nentsingiselo, ukuba uyayinqwenela, ekwindla ukuba idle iidroti ezincinci.

Indlela yokulungiselela imbewu yokuhlwayelwa?

Imbewu yeeqathe ihlanganiswe kunye nezixhobo ezizikhuselekileyo, ezizikhusela ngexesha lokugcina ukususela kumanzi. Oku kuvame ukukhokelela ekuhlumeni ukuhluma kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye nokufuna ukulungisa imeko yabalimi abasebenzisa izisombululo ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo ukwenziwa kweekroti ngaphambi kokuhlwayela kunceda ama-embrosi ukuba aphume kwimeko yokuphumla, ukunyanzeliswa kokufakelwa komzimba kubangela ukuba kuhlume ukukhula kwazo. Ngendlela yokuhlwayela, le nkqubo ibangela ukuba kubangele ukuba kubanda, kwiimeko zentsholongwane kufuneka zidalwe ngokwethu.

Ukuqiniswa kweekaroti:

1. Indlela yokunyanga kwe-heat - ukucwiliswa kwembewu ehlanganiswe kwisikhwama se-gauze, ngamanzi ashushu kunye neqondo lokushisa ukuya kuma-52 ° C.
2. Ixesha lokucwangcisa li malunga nemizuzu engama-20.
3. Sithatha isikhwama sembewu size siyipholise kumanzi obandayo.
4. Ekugqibeleni, kuyimfuneko ukumisa izinto eziphathekayo.
5. Qinisekisa ukuba ubeka iliso lokushisa kwe-liquide, ukufudumala kukukhokelela ekulahlekeni kokuhluma, kwaye ukucubungulwa kweerrotti ngamanzi ashushu awanelanga.

Ungayilungisa njani umhlaba ukuhlwayela izaqathe entwasahlobo?

Ukufunda iimfihlelo zokuhlwayela iinqathe iindawo ezivulekileyo, qho lasela ingqalelo ekubunjweni komhlaba kunye nokulungiswa kwesiza entwasahlobo yokuhlwayela. Ehlabathini evulekileyo kunye elula, izimpande zityalo zikhula kakuhle, kwaye umhlaba ungaphuculwa ngokufaka umquba wokugquma ukumba. Akucebisekanga ukusebenzisa i-pus entsha okanye ukufaka amaxabiso angaphezulu kwe-nitrogen. Unokufumana izilwanyana ezinamaqabunga kunye nezonakalisiwe, ezingcolile nge-nitrate. Ukukhulula umhlaba ovulekileyo ngaphambi kokuhlwayela, ngokukhethekileyo ukuya kwi-15 cm.

Ubunzulu bokuhlwayela izaqathe

Inketho ekhethekileyo - ukuhlwayela esi sivuno kwibhedi kumqolo we-4 kunye nomgama phakathi kweibhedi eziseduze ukuya kwi-20 cm. Ukujongwa kokuhlwayela iinqathe iindawo ezivulekileyo entwasahlobo kuxhomekeke ekubunzeni umhlaba womyezo. Ukuba uyagqithisa kwaye uncwine imbewu ngokugqithiseleyo, ngoko ixesha lokuhluma liza kunyuka kakhulu. Ehlabathini elinzima kungcono ukwenza ama-grooves nge-1.5 cm, kwihlabathi elikhanyayo-ukuya ku-3 cm. Emva kokuhlwayela, i-substrate ihlanganiswe kancane ukwenzela ukuba ukunyuka kokunyuka kunyuke kwizinto zokutyala.

Iindlela zokuhlwayela izaqathe

Abahlali behlobo bahlala bezama ukufumana iindlela eziqatha zokuhlwayela iinqathe, ezinokunyusa ukuhluma kunye nokwandisa isivuno. Kukho iindlela ezinomdla eziye zazingqina ngokwabo. Uninzi lwazo luncedisa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwembewu kunye nexesha elichithwe ngokunyusa kwiinkonzo. Cinga iindlela ezithandwayo, indlela yokuhlwayela izaqathe entwasahlobo kwindawo evulekile:

1. Ukuhlwayela ngembewu eyomileyo.
2. Ukuhlwayela kwindawo evulekile kwintwasahlobo ehluma kunye nembewu enohlaza.
3. Ukudibanisa inoculum kunye nesihlabathi somlambo.
4. Isicelo entwasahlobo kwimpahla evulekile.
5. Sebenzisa kwiitope zomhlaba ovulekileyo kunye nembewu edibeneyo.
6. Ukusetyenziswa entwasahlobo xa uthayipha amateyipu ayenzelayo.
7. Ukuhlwayelwa kweedroti ngokuxutywa kunye neeriti, ukuvuthwa kokugqibela kunye nokuphuka kwangaphambili.
8. Ukuhlwayelwa kwee-karoti ezixubekileyo entwasahlobo kunye ne-anyanisi-ukuhlwayelwa, okudlala indima ebhedini yenkcubeko yekhontrakthi.
9. Ukuhlwayela iidroti kwipasta eyenziwe ngokwenza imbewu, isitashi, amanzi kunye nezichumisi.
10. Sebenzisa entwasahlobo yomntu ogqoka umzi.
11. Kukulungele ukuhlwayelwa kwiphotile yeplastiki, ukuba wenze ngaphambili uchungechunge lweemingxuma zobuninzi obufunekayo.

Ukuhlwayela izaqathe kumaseli eqanda

Ukubaluleka kukufumana ingqungquthela yokuqala yendlela yokuhlwayela izaqathe entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile ngoncedo lweso sixhobo esingaqhelekanga, njengeeseli ezivela ngaphantsi kwamaqanda. Kwisigaba sokuqala, kucetyiswa ukuba kuphuculwe umhlaba ngokufaka i-ash, i-humus kunye negobolondo etyhidiweyo emhlabathini. Ngexesha elifanelekileyo sithatha ama-trays alungiselelwe kwaye siqale ukusebenza.

Ukuhlwayela izaqathe kwiitrayi zamaqanda:

1. Sibeka ii-trays ebusweni bombhede olungiselelwe, siwagxotha emhlabathini.
2. Kubalulekile ukuthatha iipayipi zamaphepha, ziyancipha kwaye aziphazamisi ukukhula ehlobo.
3. I-bottom of the trays kufuneka ihlulwe kancane ngommese.
4. Gcwalisa iitereyi ngamanzi.
5. Sibeka umgca obuncinci be-humus ezantsi kweeseli.
6. Unokusebenzisa imbewu elula, kodwa i-dragee enkulu yezinto ezihamba phambili kunye neepesenti ezifanelekileyo zokuhluma zifanelekile.
7. Kwiseli, sifaka imbewu enye okanye isiqinisekiso esiyibeka imbewu encinane, ize iphule izihlumelo ezongezelelweyo.
8. Emva kokuhlwayela, uphinde uthele ama-trays phezulu kunye nomxube womhlaba ngamanzi kunye ne-spill water.
9. Le ndlela ifanelekile kummandla omncinci, inceda ukuphepha ukulawulwa kokhula kunye nezihluthulelo zezityalo.

Ukuhlwayela iidroti kwi-tape kwindawo evulekile

Imbewu yamateyipu iyathengiswa, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ifumene uhlobo olufanelekileyo lweengxaki, ngoko ke abahlali basehlobo bazimela ngokuzimeleyo isisombululo esincinci ngokukhawuleza ukutshala izityalo zaseJustini kwiphepha langasese. Ngenye indlela, amaphephandaba asetyenzisiwe ngaphambili, anqunywe ububanzi malunga ne-2 cm. Yibhale iphepha nge-starch ukunamathisa kwaye usasaze imbewu ngexesha eliphakathi kwe-2.5 cm. Ukulungiselela iglue, sinciphisa i-1 tsp. isitashi kwiglasi yamanzi. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yenqatha kwi-tape igxininisa inkqubo kwaye ivimbela izinto zokutshala ekuhambeni ukulala kwindawo yokulala ngexesha lemvula yamanzi.

Ukuhlwayela iinqathe iinqatyisi

Kwiintandani, kucetyiswa ukuba utyale iinqotyi kwi-starch yokunamathisela njengendlela enomdla kodwa efanelekileyo eyenza ukufumana amahlumela afanayo kunye nokuvuna okulungileyo kwesi sityalo kwindawo evulekile. Kucetyiswa ukuxuba isradi kunye nembewu ye-kroti, eya kusebenza njengebhakoni engadini. Ukwenza isityalo ngesinamathiso kulula kakhulu:

1. Siphula umquba kwi-starch ngokulinganayo.
2. I-1 litre yokunamathisela, galela isikhwama sesilayi kunye neepakethi ezingama-3-4 zeeqathe.
3. Sifaka i-teaspoon yamachumisi e-soluble yamanzi.
4. Hlanganisa ngentonga efunyenwe "i-cocktail".
5. Dlulela unobumba kwibhotile ye-detergent ngentamo emncinci.
6. Xa utyalwe, kucetyiswa ukuba ugubungele i-liquid kwibhotile.

Ukutya iinqatyi ngeesanti

Ukutyunjwa kwezityalo zegadi kuyinkqubo enzima, ngaphandle kwayo inonakalisa amahlumela amancinci. Ngokukhipha izityalo ezingaphezu kwembewu, sizityhila iingcambu zezityalo ezithandayo. Unokwenza ukuhlwayelwa okulula kweekroti ngeesanti kwinxalenye eya kunceda ukuphepha imibhede eninzi. Senza kwinqanaba le-furrow ubunzulu obufunekayo. Emva koko iithayiji ze-1-2 zezinto zokutyala zixubusha ngokuxubene nehafu yebhakethi yomlambo wesihlabathi kunye nokunyusa. Ukusabalalisa ukuveliswa okubangelwayo emanzini, kutyiswa kunye nomhlaba.

Yintoni yokuqhelisa izaqathe zokuhlwayela?

I-organic organic ingonakalisa izaqathe, yenza izityalo zitsho zibi, zibangela i-branching kwaye zikhangele izinambuzane. Ukutyala, kungcono ukwenza i-peat kunye nomgquba ophuhliweyo. Kwiindawo ezinamacimbi, kufuneka ukuba ungeze isikho okanye umlotha. Isixa sesichumiso ngexesha lokuhlwayela iinqatyambo entwasahlobo kuxhomekeke ekubunjweni komhlaba phezu kombhede:

1. Umhlaba we-Peat - 10 m ² uvelisa i-12-16 kg ye-humus, ukuya kwi-10 yeaspuni ye- carbamide , i-10 tbsp. iipuni ze-potassium kunye ne-superphosphate.
2. Inhlabathi yombumba, i-loams, umhlaba onesihlabathi-10 m ² unike iibhakethi ezili-10 ze-humus, i-20 tbsp. iipuni nitrophoski kunye ne-10 tbsp. iipuni ze-superphosphate.
3. Kwi-chernozems - kwizinga leemitha ezi-10 ezi- ² ziyakunikwa ukuya kuma-20. iipuni ze- superphosphate .