Ngokuqinisekileyo, bonke abalimi kunye neelori abalwazi ukuba ekuhlaleni zonke izityalo, umqathango onyanzelekileyo ukuqaliswa kokuchumisa. Yenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ukutya okunjalo ngexesha lokukhula okukhulayo kwesi sityalo liya kuhlawula emva koko isivuno esihle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isilwanyana ( umgquba , umquba ) kunye nezichumisi (umtrogen, potassium, phosphoric) zisetyenziswa. Siza kukuxelela indlela yokusebenzisa i-superphosphate kunye neenzuzo zayo kwizityalo.
Superphosphate: ukwakheka
I-Superphosphate iyinomsilo yendalo yamaminerali e-nitrogen-phosphorus esebenzayo. Ukongeza kwi-phosphorus ekhankanyiweyo ngasentla (26%) kunye ne-nitrogen (6%), i-superphosphate ine-microelements ezifana ne-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium ne-sulfuri eziyimfuneko ukuze izityalo zondle kwaye zikhule. Esi sichumiso sifumaneka kwifom ye powder kwaye igxile kwi-4 mm ngobukhulu.
Kukho iintlobo zesichumisi. I-Superphosphate iyilungiselelo elilula-elisebenza kakuhle, kodwa i-drawback yayo eyona nto yinxalenye enkulu yamanzi angenayo i-gypsum engabikhoyo (ukuya kuma-40%). Le nkunkuma ayizuzisi izityalo, kodwa abalimi banyanzelekile ukuba bafake iipakethe ezinzima zokuncedisa. Kodwa isicatshulwa kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye asiyikhekhe.
Ukusuka kwi-simple, i-Superphosphate i-granulated ne-30% ye-calcium sulphate. I-superphosphate emibini ibonakaliswe yingxenye encinci ye-gypsum kunye nenani elikhulu le-phosphate (efikelela kuma-50%) kwisakhiwo.
Yintoni i-superphosphate esetyenziswayo?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-phosphorus yinto eyakhawuleza ukutshintsha ukusuka kwisigaba sokukhula okukhulayo kwezimbewu kwisigaba sokukhula. Ukongezelela, loo nto iphucula ukutshatyalaliswa kweziqhamo zezityalo kunye nezityalo zeberry. I-Phosphorus ikhona ngokwemvelo ngohlobo lwe-organic and mineral compounds, kodwa ukugaya kwayo izityalo ziphantsi. Yingakho ukuxhaswa okongeziweyo kunye ne-superphosphate kuyimfuneko, ngenxa yokuba:
- kukho uphuhliso lwenkqubo yeengcambu;
- ukuphucula intlekiso yeziqhamo;
- ukwandisa;
- iinkqubo ze-oxidative kwizityalo ziyancipha.
Indlela yokwenza i-superphosphate?
Isichumiso se-phosphorus sisetyenziswe kuzo zonke iintlobo zemithombo yomhlaba, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo okukhethekileyo kufumaneka kwihlabathi elingathathi hlangothi kunye ne-alkaline. Nangona kunjalo, kwihlabathi kunye ne-acidi reaction, i-phosphoric acid esuka kwi-superphosphate iguqulwa ibe yi-aluminium kunye ne-phosphates yensimbi, i-compounds engazange ithatyathwe yizityalo. Kule meko, abalimi abanamava bancomela ukudibanisa iyeza kunye ne-limestone okanye i-humus.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwe-superphosphate entwasahlobo nasekwindla kusetyenziselwa ukumba umhlaba kunye nokuhlwayela izityalo, kwaye kwakhona njengowomququzeleli oyimigodi yokulungiselela ukutya. Ngokukodwa, ukulima kwezityalo ezifana nezitata, iitamatayi, iibhontshisi, ummbila, ikhukhamba kunye nokufumana isivuno esiphezulu, kuvame ukucetyiswa ukuba ungeze loo nto xa uhlwayela ngqo emithonjeni.
Ngoko, isicelo se-superphosphate sidinga ukulandelwa kwezi zilandelayo:
- 40-50 g / m² xa ubamba ukuwa okanye entwasahlobo;
- xa kutyalwa izilimo eziyizigaxa kunye nezithombo 3 g kwindawo nganye;
- 15-20 g / m² ukwenzela izityalo zokugquma ngaphezulu kwifom eyomileyo;
- 40-60 g / m² kunye nemithi yegadi.
Indlela yokupheka i-hood evela kwi-superphosphate?
Ukukhawuleza ukuhanjiswa kwechumisi kwizityalo, abaninzi abalimi-balimi benza isigqibo sokulungisa i-hood. Nangona kunjalo, akulula ukwenza oku, ngokuqhelekileyo i-gypsum ekulungiseleleni. Ngoko ke, ukuba ujongene nombuzo wokuphelisa i-superphosphate emanzini, sincoma ukusebenzisa i-substance ngendlela ye-granules kule nto. Kufuneka ukuba ilitha lamanzi ashisayo ukuthatha i-100 g ye-superphosphate kabini, udibanise kakuhle, ubilise ihafu yesure ukuchithwa ngokukhawuleza kunye noxinzelelo. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba i-100 ml yale catshulwa ithathelwa indawo ye-20 g yesithako esisebenzayo. Ukuba la ma-100 g adibeneyo kwi-10 ilitha yamanzi, isisombululo esiphumela singenza inqanaba eli-1 lemitha yomhlaba.