Izigidi zabantu zifa ngesifo sofuba minyaka yonke. Esi sifo sinyanzeliso: ukususela kumzuzwana wokusuleleka kwintsebenziswano kwinqanaba eliqatha, kunokuthatha iminyaka. Kubalulekile ukufumanisa isifo sofuba kwisigaba sokuqala - iimpawu (iimpawu zokuqala) zinceda kule nto, ngoko kulula ukuyiphatha.
Isifo sofuba semiphunga - iimpawu, iimpawu zokuqala
Ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kubangelwa yi-mycobacteria - intonga kaKoch. Le ncinci ixhala. Emanzini, iibhaktheriya ziyakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kwazo kwiintsuku ezingama-60, kunye neendawo ezizahlukahlukeneyo-ukuya kwiiveki ezi-4. Ngaphandle kwendawo enqabileyo, intonga kaKoch ingaphila iminyaka emininzi. Usulelo luya kwenzeka ngale ndlela:
- Amaconsi amanzi (emva kokuthetha nomntu osulelekileyo okanye ophetheyo, ehlala kwigumbi elinye kunye nesigulane);
- ukutya;
- indlela ye-placental (ukusuka kumama osulelekileyo ukuya kwintsana);
- ngokusebenzisa izinto eziqhelekileyo;
- ngokumanga nokulala ngesondo.
Indlela yokubona isifo sofuba sesifo se-pulmonary sithembele kwisigaba sokuphuhliswa kwesifo. Ukwahlula ezi zilandelayo zigaba zesifo:
- eziprayimari, apho i-pathogen inemiphunga;
- i-latent (isigaba esisigxina - ngeli nqanaba, umntu osulelekileyo akachaphazeli abanye abantu);
- ifomu elivulekileyo (elichaphazelekayo);
- Isigaba sesibini (usuleleko lusasazeka kulo lonke umzimba).
Ifom yokuvalwa kwesifo sofuba
Impawu eziphambili zesi sifo ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
- isiphumo esihle, esinika uvavanyo lwesikhumba;
- ukungabikho kwe-malaise;
- Isiphumo sokuhlalutya kwe-sputum;
- kunye ne-radiography akukho zinguqu ezibonakalayo kwimiphunga.
Ifom evaliweyo ayihlambulukanga, ngaphandle koko iplanethi ayiyi kuba nomntu ongenamntu ongakhange ahlaselwe. Nangona kunjalo, akufanele ukhululeke - awukwazi ukulibala ukuba isifo sofuba semiphunga sibonakala njani. Ngaliphi na ixesha, ifomu elivaliweyo lingena evulekile. Kule nqanaba lesi sifo sithathelwana kakhulu, kwaye sihamba kunye nemimiselo ekhethekileyo. Xa sele bezichongileyo ngexesha, kulula ukujamelana nesi sifo.
Vula uhlobo lwesifo sofuba - iimpawu
Izibonakaliso zezonyango zesifo zibonakaliswa kuphela emva kokuba i-pathogen ingene egazini. Kwisigaba sokuqala, ayibonakali kakuhle, kodwa njengoko isifo sifana, iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sofuba sesifo sofuba sichazwa. Iimpawu ezilandelayo zibhekisela kwimimiselo ye-malaise kwifom elula:
- ukulahleka kwesisindo;
- ukhathala okwandisiweyo;
- intlungu yesifuba ngesifo sofuba;
- ukunciphisa ukusebenza;
- utshintsho lweemvakalelo rhoqo;
- umkhuhlane.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuqala zesifo sofuba ziquka ukukhwehlela okukhulu - kunomswakama kwaye kuninzi, kunye nokungcola kwamanzi kwi-phlegm. Ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu eziliqela ngexesha elifanayo, kufuneka ufune ngokukhawuleza uncedo lwezokwelapha. Ixesha elilahlekileyo lingadlalayo kwisigulane: isigaba esinobudlova sinokukhula. Nantsi indlela ifomu evulekileyo yesifo sofuba ibonisa:
- bushushu ngo 39 ° C;
- ukukhwehlela okukhulu;
- ukukhupha ngexesha lokulala;
- izigulana zikhalaza ubuthathaka nokukhathala.
Isifo sofuba sibonakala njani?
Esi sisifo esingasigxina se-musculoskelet system, esichazwe ngokubunjwa kwe-granuloma kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwethambo. Okuqhelekileyo isifo esichaphazela umlenze. Kwenzeka kwi-40% yamatyala. Izifo ze-hip kunye nama-knee zihlangane kakhulu. Kuphawulwe kwi-20% yamatyala. Ngomlinganiselo ofanayo, kukho isifo seenyawo ezingaphezulu kunye namajoyini. Ngaba iimpawu zesifo sofuba (izibonakaliso zokuqala), ezihluke kakhulu kwezo zinto zivela kwezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Ukwahlula ezi zilandelayo zigaba zesifo:
- I-ostitis eyintloko, engafumanekiyo.
- Ifom ehamba phambili engahambelani.
- Isifo sofuba esincinci sokuqhubeka samathambo sichazwa. Kule nqanaba, i-fistula ibonakala, izicubu ziphosakele kwaye ubude beemida zihluka.
- I-osteitis yokuqhubela phambili ngokutshabalalisa amathambo.
- Osteoarthritis . Eli nqanaba liyabonwa kwisigaba sokubola kweprogram yokuvuvukala.
Isifo sofuba esiswini - iimpawu
Isifo esithathelwanayo esingunaphakade. Yinkqubo yesibini eyenza uhlobo oluqhubekayo lwesifo esihlasela imiphunga. Amathumbu achaphazelekayo ahlanganiswe ngeendlela ezinjengama-tumor. Amancinci amancinci angabonakala - i-granulomas. Ngethuba lokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, ukuxhaswa komsebenzi kuboniswa, ngenxa yokuba kuvela amanxeba egazini.
Iimpawu zesi sifo zikunceda ukuqonda indlela isifo sofuba esiswini esenza ngayo. Iimpawu zesifo zixhomekeke kubuqili bayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umfanekiso weklinikhi unokuhluka kakhulu. Uncedo ukuchonga isifo sofuba esiswini (izibonakaliso) zokugula, phakathi kwazo ezi zikhanyayo zilandelayo:
- imeko yesifo;
- uvakalelo olubuhlungu kumnatha, owandisa ngexesha lokuhamba nokusebenza;
- ukhathala okwandisiweyo;
- buthathaka;
- zanda.
Isifo sofuba sempawu zomnxeba
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo senza ngaphandle kwempawu ezizodwa. Kwixesha elide kunokuba nomfanekiso ongabonakaliyo weklinikhi, ngokoko kunzima ukufumanisa ukugula. Ngaloo ndlela, isifo sofuba somgulane, iimpawu zokuqala (iimpawu) zinokunikezelwa ngolu hlobo:
- intlungu ebuhlungu yobunzima obuhlukahlukayo, indawo ehambelana nayo kwindawo ejoliswe kuyo;
- utshintsho lweentsholongwane kwiimeko zomgudu;
- imida ekuhambeni nasekulahlekelweni kobuzwe.
Zonke ezi zimpawu (imiqondiso yokuqala) yesifo sofuba somgulane sibonakala kunye nezinye iimpawu zesifo - umkhuhlane, ubuthathaka kunye ne-malaise. Umfanekiso ololo hlobo lweklinikhi unika ugqirha ukuba acinge nje. Nangona kunjalo, uya kuhambisa isigqibo sokugqibela kuphela emva kokuhlolwa okupheleleyo. Ezi nkqubo zilandelayo zikunceda ukufumanisa isifo sofuba samathambo kunye namalungu okanye umgudu:
- Ultrasound;
- i radiography;
- MRI;
- tomography;
- biopsy.
Isifo sesifo sesibindi
Esi sifo sikhula kwindawo ebuthathaka, ngaphandle kwamandla okulwa. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zezi zinto: ukunyamezela, uxinzelelo olunzulu, ukungabikho kokulala, imikhwa emibi, i-ecological poor, ukungondleki. Le fomu yesifo ibonakala xa isigulane sivalelwa intlungu yesifo sesifo sofuba kwithuba elithile. Iindidi zezigidi zezifo zihlala zifunyaniswa.
Isifo sofuba se-Hepatic yokuqala (iimpawu) sibonisa oku kulandelayo:
- intlungu kwi-hypochondrium efanelekileyo;
- i-anorexia;
- umsebenzi wesibindi;
- umkhuhlane wemvelaphi engaziwayo;
- i-jaundice;
- ukwandiswa kwesibindi;
- buthathaka;
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- ukuphazamiseka nokunye.
Kunzima ukusho ngokuchanekileyo, emva kokuba ininzi yesifo sofuba ibonakala emva kokusuleleka. Ingathatha kwiiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-12, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zokuqala zesifo zibonakala. Ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo kuya kunceda le nkqubo ilandelayo:
- ukuskena kwesibindi;
- biopsy ;
- laparoscopy;
- kutyhila.
Isifo sofuba se-lymph nodes - iimpawu, iimpawu zokuqala
Esi sifo sinokuqhubeka ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi yokukhubazeka kwepulmonary, kwaye njengesifo esizimeleyo. Izilwanyana ezincinci zichaphazeleka kanye kanye: zidla ngokuba zi-submandibular, i-jugular kunye ne-pre-hormonal. Ngokwesiko, eso sifo senziwa kwimo engapheliyo kwaye siqala ngokuqina kweethambo. Isifo sofuba se-lymph nodes sibonakaliswe ziimpawu ezilandelayo:
- i-pallor okanye i-cyanosis yolusu;
- kwandisa i-lymph nodes;
- uvakalelo olubuhlungu kummandla wokuzibandakanya;
- ukuhla kwamandla;
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba.
Iimpawu zixhomekeke kwisigaba sesifo:
- Ifom yokungena ibonakalisa ukubonakaliswa kweempawu eziphambili ezibonakaliswe ngenyameko;
- Isiteji esinomdla (i-fibrosis iyaqhubeka);
- Isigaba esiphindayo (iimpawu zichazwe kwaye zibuhlungu kakhulu, njengemiphunga yamaphaphu);
- ifomu elibi elingakhokelela ekufeni.
Isifo sofuba esifubeni
Kukho iindlela ezi-2 zokusuleleka: zihlala zingapheli kwaye zixhomekeke. Iyokuqala inokulandelwa yintlungu ebuhlungu emva emva kwesifo sofuba sesifo sofuba okanye umgudu. Inkqubo yokusuleleka iqhubela phambili kwaye ivela kwizitho zangaphakathi, kwaye emva kokuba izifo zonyango zichaphazele ulusu. Xa usuleleko lwengqondo oluqhelekileyo luvela ngaphandle. Amaxhoba akhe ahlala ezilwanyana kunye nabaphengululi.
Ukwazi ukuba isifo sofuba sibonakala njani kumanyathelo okuqala senza inkqubo yokubuyisela. Ukugula, ngokuzibonela ngokwayo izibonakaliso zezixhobo, kufuneka udibanise ngokukhawuleza ugqirha:
- utywala;
- ukuphosa;
- ukuhla kwamandla;
- ukukhulelwa komzimba;
- vavanyo lweMantoux.
Isifo sofuba seempawu zeziliso, iimpawu zokuqala
Ngalesi sifo, ilungu elibonakalayo lonakaliswe kwaye ukusebenza kwalo kuphazamiseka. Esi sifo sikhohlisayo, ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo zingabonakaliswa kwizigulane ezinamandla okuhluka kunye namaxesha amaninzi. Ezinye izigulane zithathe iimpawu ezinjalo ngokubhekiselele kwizifo ezinobungozi. Ixesha lichithekile kwaye imeko iyancipha.
Isigaba sokuqala sesifo sofuba sisifo:
- ukwanda kweentlungu;
- ukuvuvukala kweebhokhwe;
- ukwandisa kufuphi ne-auricle ye-lymph node;
- ukulahlekelwa ngumbono.
Isifo sofuba sezintso kunye nomgudu wamanzi
Isifo eside singenziwa ngaphandle kwempawu ezikhethekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha leempawu zokuqala zityhilwa, isifo sofuba sinalo ixesha lokufumana ifom elula. Ngenxa yoko, ukulwa nalo kufuna imizamo engakumbi kunye namayeza. Nazi iziganeko zokuqala zesifo sofuba esingabonwa kwisigulane:
- uvakalelo olubuhlungu kwisithili esilungileyo;
- dysuria;
- igazi kumchamo;
- ukukhulelwa kwegazi;
- ukuphazamiseka kokutya;
- umkhuhlane.