Umbuzo wokuzithemba ophantsi kunye nokuzithemba okuphantsi kuye kuye kwaba nentshisekelo kubaphathi bezengqondo, kwaye iinzame ziye zenziwa ngamaxesha ukuze zenze iindlela ezifanelekileyo. Akunakutsholwa ukuba zonke aziphumelelanga, kodwa akukho ndlela echanekileyo yokuxilongwa. Enye yezona ndlela eziyaziwayo kakhulu zokuzivandlakanya yi-Dembo-Rubinstein. Kwabizwa ngegama lokudumisa abadali - uTamara Dembo wavelisa ubuchule, kwaye uSusanna Rubinstein waguqula oko kufundisisa ukuzithemba.
Indlela yokufunda ukuzithemba kweDembo-Rubinstein
Ngaphandle, olu buchule lulula kakhulu - izifundo zicelwa ukuba zithathe uvavanyo, iziphumo zazo zichazwa yesazi sengqondo. Indlela ye-Dembo-Rubinstein yokuzivandlakanya kwindlela elandelayo: kukho iimilo ezisixhenxe (imiba) kwiphepha elibonisa impilo, ingqondo (ubuchule), ukukwazi ukwenza into ngezandla zomntu, ukubonakala, umlingani, igunya loontanga, ukuzithemba. Umgca ngamnye unemida ecacileyo yokuqala kunye nokuphela, kwaye umgangatho ophawulwe ngumtya ongabonakaliyo. Umda ophezulu uthetha ukuphuhlisa okuphezulu komgangatho (umntu ovuya kunabo bonke), umzantsi osezantsi ubonisa ukungabikho komgangatho (umntu ohluphekileyo). Kusuka kwinqaku kufuneka kuphawulwe kumgca ngamnye isici (-) umgangatho wophuhliso lomgangatho ngamnye okwangoku. Isangqa (O) kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inqanaba lokuphuhliswa kweempawu eziza kwenza ukuziqhayisa ukuba uzive. Emva koko, kufuneka uhlalutye ngokuchanekileyo ubuchule bakho kwaye umake izinga (x) elinokufezekiswa ngomnqamlezo (x).
Ukuze kube lula ukubala, ukuphakama kwesilinganisi ngasinye kufuneka kwenziwe i-100 mm, kunye nesilinganiselo esisodwa se-millimeter kufuneka sithathwe njengalingana nendawo enye (isampuli iboniswa kumfanekiso). Uvavanyo lunikezelwa imizuzu 10-12. Ukuba uya kuhlolisisa ukuzithemba kwakho, ngokokuqala uqale uvavanyo, uze ufunde ukutolika. Ngaphandle koko, ukuqonda kwakhe kuya kuthintela iziphumo zovavanyo.
Ukuchazwa kwenkqubo yeDembo-Rubinstein
Ukumisela ukuhlola ngokusebenzisa indlela yeDemobo-Rubinstein, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa emithathu yamaparameters - ukuphakama, ukuzinza nokuqiniswa. Isilinganiso sokuqala "sempilo" asinathathi nxaxheba kuvavanyo, olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo, iinqanaba ezisele zifuneka ukuba zihlolwe.
Ukuphakama kokuzithemba. Inani leenqaku ukuya kwi-45 lithetha ukuzithoba, ukusuka kwi-45 kuya ku-74 kubonisa izinga eliphakathi lokuzithemba, kwaye ukuphakama kuhambelana namaqondo angama-75-100. Ukuzithemba ngokuzenzekelayo kunokuthetha ngokungahlambuluki, ukungakwazi ukuvavanya kakuhle iziphumo zomsebenzi wabo, zithelekise nabanye. Kwakhona, ukuzithemba kakhulu kunokubonisa ukuphazamiseka ekubunjweni komntu - ukuvalelwa ngamava, ukungakwazi ukuqonda iimpazamo zakhe. Ukuzithemba okuthobekileyo kubonisa ukuba uyathandabuze ngokwenene okanye ukuphendula ngokukhusela, xa ukuqonda ukukhubazeka kukufihla ukungafuni ukwenza nantoni na.
Ukuzithemba. Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo libonakaliswe ngamanqaku angama-60 ukuya kuma-89, ngamanqaku angama-75-89 amanqaku afanelekileyo, ebonisa ukuba yinto enokwenene. Isiphumo samaphuzu angaphezu kwama-90 sibonisa umbono ongenangqondo ngezinto zabo. Isiphumo singaphantsi kwama-60 sibonakalisa inqanaba elingaphantsi kwebango labantu, elibonisa
Ukuzinza ukuzithemba. Le nyaniso iboniswa ngubudlelwane phakathi kweempawu ezibekwa kwiikali. Iziphambano kufuneka zibekwe phakathi kwemiqondiso "-" kunye "O". Umgama phakathi kwe-zero kunye nomnqamlezo ubonisa ixesha elingenakufikeleleka kunokuba lingaphantsi, kwaye umgama ukuya emnqamlezweni ukhulu kakhulu, ukuphakama kwinqanaba lethemba. Ama-mugs kufuneka abe ngaphantsi kwekhawu eliphambili, umntu kufuneka aqonde ukuba akayidingi into efanelekileyo. Ukuba ukuzithemba kukungalingani, izikhombisi zezikali ezahlukeneyo "zweqa", ngoko ke ubungqina bokungazinzi ngokomzwelo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwalolu cwangciso ekufundeni ukuzithemba kunokunika iziphumo ezichanekileyo. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuba sicinge ukuba uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lunokwenziwa kuphela ngutitshala, kuba umculi nje akayi kubeka ingqalelo ezintweni ezincinane ezibaluleke kakhulu.