I-pituitary gland ifihla iindidi zamakhemikhali ezilawula umsebenzi weengcongconi ze-endocrine, ukutshatyalaliswa kwegazi kunye nophuhliso lomzimba. Enye yale mi hormone i-somatotropin (somatropin). Ingqwalasela yayo ibaluleke kakhulu kubantwana, abaselula, abafazi kunye nabagijimi.
Yiyiphi ihomoni ejongene nayo?
Ngomncinci (kwiminyaka engama-20), i-compound echazwe yikhemikhali ikhutshwe ngexabiso elongeziweyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uphuhlise ngokuqhelekileyo amathambo omzimba wexesha elide, ngoko le nto iyabizwa ngokuba yi-hormone yokukhula kwehomoni. Emva kweminyaka engama-20, xa isistim se-musculoskeal senziwa ngokukhawuleza, imveliso yayo iyancitshiswa kakhulu. I-hormone yokukhula (STH) ivelisa ezinye iziphumo:
- isebenze kwaye isekela ukukhuselwa kwe-T cell;
- kuqinisa ukukhupha;
- ukwandisa ukunyaniseka kwemigqa;
- kuphungula inkqubo yokuguga;
- kuphucula ukugaya i-calcium kumathumbu.
Impembelelo ye-hormone yokukhula kwimetabolism
Abadlali abanamathele kwi-STG ngenxa yokukwazi ukukhawuleza ukutshiswa kweendawo zokugcina amafutha kunye nokwakha imisipha. I-hormone yokukhula iveliswa ngamaseli e-adenohypophysis (i-somatotrophs), ngokwemimiselo ye-molecular iyafana neprolactin kunye ne-lactogen ye-placental. Ngenxa yoko, abafazi kufuneka baphinde balawule ukuxinwa kwe-STH. Uphucula i-silhouette, inikeza inkxaso kwiigaments kwiindawo zeentloko ze-mammary, inceda ukugcina ulutsha kunye nomzimba ofanelekileyo.
Isenzo sehomoni ye-somatotropic kwiinkqubo ze-metabolic:
- ukuphucula iprotheni kunye nokunciphisa ukubola kwabo;
- isithintelo sokufakela iisiti ze-adipose;
- ukwandisa izinga le- glucose yegazi;
- ukunciphisa ukwenziwa kwe-sodium ne-potassium ukusuka emzimbeni.
I-Assay ye-hormone yokukhula
Ukuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo ukuxinwa kwezinto ezinokubaluleka, kubalulekile ukwenza isifundo sebhubhoratri ngegazi legazi. Ukuchaneka njani ukuhambisa phezu kwe-biological liquid kwi-hormone ye-somatotropic yomzimba we-pituitary:
- Usuku olungaphambi kokuhlalutya, cima zonke ukutya ezinamafutha emenyu.
- Ngokubonisana nogqirha, yeka ukuthatha amayeza amayeza angama-24 ngaphambi kokuya kwibhoratri.
- Ngezolo lokufunda, thintela umthwalo ongaphantsi komzimba kunye nomzimba. I-hormone yokukhula iphakamisa ngamandla emva kwayo nayiphi na ingcinezelo.
- Iiyure ezili-12 ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, ungadli, ngoko kungcono ukwenza uhlalutyo ekuseni.
- Musa ukutshaya iiyure ezingama-3 phambi kovavanyo.
I-STG ixhomekeke ekutshintsheni kwimihla, iyashintsha kwimvelaphi yokuxinwa kwamanye ama-hormone kunye neemeko. Kucetyiswa ukuba unikele ngegazi ngamaxesha amaninzi kwaye ubale inani lexabiso lemiphumela. Umxholo oqhelekileyo we-somatotropin uxhomekeke kwisini:
- abafazi - ukuya ku-8-10 ng / ml;
- amadoda - ukuya ku-2-3 ng / ml.
I-hormone yokukhula iyinto evamile kubantwana
Umlinganiselo wezinto ezichazwe kwigazi lomntwana zihambelana nobudala bakhe, ixabiso eliphezulu liyabonwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. I-hormone yokukhula yinto evamile ngokudala:
- ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu - 0.43-3.03 ng / ml kubafana, 0.37-2.07 ng / ml kumantombazana;
- 3-6 iminyaka - 0,1-1,9 ng / ml yabafana, 0,07-2,17 ng / ml yabantombazana;
- 6-9 iminyaka - 0.13-4.67 ng / ml kubafana, 0.13-2.77 ng / ml yamantombazana;
- ukusuka kwi-9 ukuya kwe-10 kwiminyaka - 0.07-0.27 ng / ml kubafana, 0.07-1.7 ng / ml yamantombazana;
- 10-11 iminyaka - 0.1-5.97 ng / ml kubafana, 0.07-4.07 ng / ml yamantombazana;
- 11-12 iminyaka - 0.13-9.7 ng / ml kubafana, i-0.1-7.7 ng / ml yamantombazana;
- 12-13 iminyaka - 0.17-15.43 ng / ml kubafana, 0.1-6.83 ng / ml yamantombazana;
- 13-14 iminyaka - 0,13-8,57 ng / ml kubafana, 0,1-6,17 ng / ml yamantombazana;
- Iminyaka eyi-14-15 - 0.2-8.67 ng / ml kubafana, 0.1-6.77 ng / ml yamantombazana;
- 15-16 iminyaka - 0.23-10.13 ng / ml kubafana, 0.07-9.87 ng / ml yamantombazana;
- Iminyaka eyi-16-17 - 0.27-9.37 ng / ml kubafana, i-0.2-10.57 ng / ml yamantombazana;
- Iminyaka eyi-17-19 - 0,23,73 ng / ml kubafana, 0,83-4,07 ng / ml yabantombazana.
IHymmone yokukhula iphakanyisiwe
Ukuxinwa okugqithiseleyo kwe-STH kubangelwa ukhathazeka ngokusisiseko kunye nobungozi obusongela ubomi. Ukuba ihomoni ye-somatotropic yanda kubantwana, i-gigantism iyaqhubeka. Ukukhula komntwana kukhawuleza kwaye kwahluke kakhulu kwiinkalo zontanga. Ngokufanayo, izitho zangaphakathi zanda ngobukhulu. Xa uneminyaka yobudala, i-hormone eyiminyango eyingozi kakhulu iholela kwi-acromegaly kunye nezifo nezigulane zayo:
- ukuqina nokuqina kwesikhumba;
- uboya obukhulu;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ukwandisa umxholo weoli kwi-epithelium;
- i-cholesterol eyongezelelekileyo kunye ne-arteriosclerosis yemithambo yegazi;
- isifo sikashukela ;
- ukungakwazi kwe-calcium emzimbeni;
- ukukhubazeka kwesistim se-nervous;
- Ukwandiswa kweembonakalo zobuso kunye namalungu omzimba;
- migraines;
- ukunciphisa ubuqhetseba obubonakalayo;
- ukuhluthwa ;
- gynecomastia;
- iphunga elibi;
- ukuguquka komjikelezo wesini;
- i-apnea;
- zesini;
- utshintsho kwisondlo kunye nomgangatho wobuthongo.
Kutheni i-hormone yokukhula yanda?
Isizathu esibalulekileyo senkcazo echazwe yintlungu ye-pituitary gland, ngoko ke i-endocrinologists ekuxilongweni iyacetyiswa ukuba iqale ukwenza i-imagination magnetic imagination of brain. Ngamanye amaxesha i-STH iyanda ngenxa yokungaqhelekanga kwemfuyo:
- McCune-Albright Syndrome;
- ubunzima beCarney;
- Isifo seVermeer;
- kwintsapho ekhethiweyo i-acromegaly.
Ukuba i-hormone yokukhula iphakanyisiwe kumntwana, imbangela ingaba yimiba yesikhashana:
- iiprotheyini ekudleni;
- umsebenzi owenzela umzimba;
- indlala;
- ubuthongo obunzima;
- ukwehla kwintsikelelo egazini;
- ukukhubazeka kwe-nutrients emathunjini;
- uxinzelelo.
Indlela yokunciphisa i-hormone yokukhula?
Kwinqanaba lokuqala leengxaki ngaphandle kweengxaki, amachiza akhethekileyo anqunywe. Indlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa i-hormone yokukhula kukuthatha okanye ukulawula iziyobisi ezithintela i-pituitary kunye nokukhupha i-STG. Ininzi yalezi yobisi isekelwe kwi-somatostatin. I-hormone evelisa i-hypothalamus. Iyanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-chemical compound kunye nokuncedisa ukumisela ukugxininisa kwigazi.
Xa i-hormone yokukhula emntwaneni okanye umntu omdala ingumphumo wokukhula kwe- tumor ebuchosheni , unyango olungakumbi luya kunconywa:
- Unyango o Ngethuba lokusebenza, i-tumor isuswe ngokupheleleyo okanye inxalenye, ngamanye amaxesha - kunye nommandla omncinci we-pituitary gland.
- Irradiation. Kusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezizodwa ukuba ukungenelela kokungagqirha akuvunyelwanga.
IHymmone yokukhula iyancipha
Ukungabikho kwezi zinto kubangele neengxaki, kodwa kungaphantsi kobunzima. Ukusilela kwe-hormone yokukhula kubantu abadala bangela ukuba:
- buthathaka;
- ukunyanya;
- ukungakhathaleli;
- ukukhawuleza kokuguga;
- izifo ezingapheliyo;
- kunciphisa libido;
- ukudandatheka;
- hypotrophy muscle;
- i-atherosclerosis.
I-hormone yokukhula iyancipha kubantwana (i-pituitary nanism) ibangela ukulibaziseka ekuphuculeni ngokomzimba:
- ukukhula okuphantsi;
- izinto ezincinci;
- kunciphisa iinyawo nezandla;
- isikhumba esiluhlaza;
- ilizwi elincinci;
- ukungabikho kwezesondo zesibini zesibini ze-libido ebusheni;
- ukuqala kwimihla ngokukhawuleza;
- ezingasaphuthukiyo.
Kutheni i-hormone yokukhula iyancipha?
I-nanism ye-Pituitary ingaba yintsapho kwaye ifunyenwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-pathology ecatshangelwayo ichazwa yi-genetics, ingakumbi ukuba i-hormone yokukhula iyancipha kumntwana ukususela ebusaneni. Enye into efana nale meko ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-STH. Ukutshintshwa kwenkxalabo yabo kubangelwa ukukhula kwee-plasma kwiindawo eziphambili. I-hormone yokukhula ekunciphiseni kubantu abadala ifunyaniswa ngezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- ukungenelela kwangaphambili kwengqondo;
- i-irradiation yentloko;
- izifo ezithintekayo;
- i-craniocebral trauma;
- ukungalingani kwe-endocrine.
Indlela yokwandisa i-hormone yokukhula?
Ukuxazulula kakuhle ingxaki echazwe, kubalulekile ukuseka oko kubangele. Ukuba ukwanda kwe-hormone yokukhula kubangelwa kubukho besifo esinobunzima kwi-pituitary gland, kuya kususwa ukutshatyalaliswa kwayo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukulungelelaniswa kwe-khemikhali yenziwa ngeendlela ezizimeleyo. Amachiza anokukhawuleza ukuzinzisa ukukhula kwe-hormone, iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa oku:
- Somatropin;
- I biosome;
- Rastan;
- Genotropin;
- Humatrop;
- I-Norditropin kunye neempawu ezifanayo.
Kwonyango lwabantwana ukongezelela ukusebenzisa ezinye ihommone eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwegciwane le-thyroid kunye nosuku:
- estrogens;
- testosterone;
- glucocorticosteroids;
- progesterone;
- Abaphathi beTyroid.