I-penicillins yilapha iqela le-antibiotics eveliswa yiintlobo ze-molds ze-genus Penicillium. Basebenza ngokuchasene ne-bactericidal action kwi-Gram-positive, kunye nezinye iilorganisms ezincinane. Amayeza omzimba we-penicillin uchungechunge akabandakanyi nje kuphela iimveliso zendalo, kodwa nazo ziyi-semisynthetic.
Iipropati:
- Uhlobo oluninzi lwee-dose ezifanelekileyo.
- Iziphumo ezinobungozi obuphantsi komzimba.
- Uninzi lwezenzo.
- Umnqamlezo ongena emzimbeni kwenye iindidi ze-penicillin.
- Ukukhawuleza nokusabalalisa emzimbeni.
- Ukungena kakuhle kwiifom, izifo zomzimba.
- Ukuphumelela ngokukhawuleza kweengxaki zokugulisa.
- Ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kumzimba.
UkuPhatha
Amachiza e-antibiotics eqela le-penicillin, ngenxa yobuthakathaka bawo obuphantsi, awona amalungiselelo okucatshulwa ngokuthe tye. Iziphumo ezingathandekiyo zenzeke kuphela ukuba kukho ukuxhomekeka komzimba okanye ukungahambi kakuhle kwipenicillin. Ngelishwa, ukuphendula okunjalo kuboniswa kwinani labantu (ukuya kwi-10%) kwaye asasazeka kuphela kumachiza, kodwa nakwezinye iirveliso kunye nezimonyo ezine-antibiotic. Ingxaki yokungena kwi-penicillin inokwenzeka xa yamkelwa emzimbeni kwanoma yimuphi na, nokuba yincinci encinci yeziyobisi. Ngako oko, nge-hypersensitivity kunye neempendulo ezithintekayo kuyimfuneko ukukhetha i-antibiotics ngaphandle kwe-penicillin kunye nama-penogillin-free of drugs.
Ifomu yokukhutshwa
Iingqungquthela ze-antibiotics ze-penicillin ziyafumaneka kwiipilisi:
- Iipilisi ze-penicillin-ekormoline ze-resorption.
- Iipilisi ze-Penicillin-ekormoline zokulawula ngomlomo.
- Amacwecwe e-Penicillin ene-sodium citrate.
I-powder isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela isisombululo kunye neenjini.
Ukwahlula
Amayeza e-penicillin aneentlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-penicillin yemvelo - ifumaneka kwimeko apho ipenicillin ikhunta ikhule khona.
- I-penicillin ye-biosynthetic - ifumaneka ngokuqulunqwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
- I-penicillin ye-Semisynthetic - ifunyenwe ngesiseko se-asidi esecaleni kwi-penicillin yemvelo (i-antibiotics esekelwe kwi-penicillin).
Iindawo zokufaka isicelo:
I-antiictic penicillin inomsebenzi obanzi kakhulu kwaye unempembelelo enobungozi kubangeleko obangela ukuqala kwesi sifo:
- izifo zendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu kunye nezantsi;
- izifo zesondlo sesisu;
- usulelo lwe-urinary;
- izifo ze-venereal;
- inkqubo ze-ophthalmologic.
Imiphumo emibi
Naphezu kokunyamezela kakuhle, amayeza aphuma kwiqela le-penicillin anakho ukufumana iziphumo ezilandelayo emzimbeni:
1. Ukuphendula kwezilwanyana kunye nokuxhaswa komzimba:
- dermatitis;
- ukugqithisa isikhumba;
- ukuvuvukala kweembrane ezinobumba;
- ukunqotshwa kwenkqubo yokutya;
- arthritis;
- i-sponm yebronchi;
- tshutshisa i-anaphylactic;
- i-edema yengqondo;
- arthralgia.
2. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweetyhefu:
- isicefe
- isifo sohudo;
- stomatitis;
- i-glossitis;
- i-necrosis yemisipha;
- candidiasis yomlomo kunye nesigxina;
- ukuphuhliswa kokungafihli;
- emathunjini amathumbu;
- thrombophlebitis.
3. Ukuphendula nge-neurotoxic:
- iingcamango;
- zixhala;
- i-delirium;
- ukuphulwa komthetho wexinzelelo lwegazi.
4. Ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo:
- ukungena ngaphakathi;
- iingxaki zesistim (i-One kunye ne-Nicolau syndromes).
Kuze kube ngoku, unyango kunye ne-penicillin ngenye yeendlela eziphambili zokulwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Kodwa ukutyunjwa kwakhe kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe ngugqirha ngokuhambelana nokuhlalutya kunye nokuhlolwa kwezilwanyana.