Umthi we-citro e-Aromatic awukho nzima kunzima ukukhula kunanoma yisiphi isiqhamo sesityalo. Ukufunda indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin, unokusebenzisa ngokunjalo lo mthi-ukhuseleko oluphezulu, ukunyamekelwa kwenkathalo kunye nezivuno ezilungileyo kuya kwenza kube lula umsebenzi wegadi ongenamava.
Ziyaphi i-mandarins?
Iziqhamo zeCitrus zihamba ngeemeko zemozulu: ilizwe labo liindawo eziphantsi komhlaba, ngoko ke kufuneka badinga ubusika obushushu kunye nehlobo elide elimanzi. Lo mgaqo usebenza ekukhuleni ngaphandle, kuba kwipropati umthi onomtsalane unokuqhakaza kwaye uvelise isiqhamo malunga nonyaka wonke. Iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokuphakamisa i-mandarin ekhaya, ukuhluka, ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokulima. Iintlukwano zabo eziphambili kukuba:
- Ukutyalwa kwintsimi kufuneka ukhethe izityalo zokuvuthwa kwangaphambili kunye neziqhamo ezincinci, ukuze ungakhathazeki malunga nokulahlekelwa kwesivuno ngenxa yeqabunga kunye neemvula ezinqabileyo. Ukuphuhliswa kwezintlu zangaphakathi kungalawulwa ngokufanelekileyo - ukhetho alukhawulelwanga.
- Xa abalimi abanamava bethetha indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin, baqala ukukhankanya indawo yokutyala. Kufuneka kube yinto enelanga kakhulu engadini kwaye ngexesha elifanayo likhuseleke kwi-cold wind. Ukucamngca kunye nesiprafa kufakwe kwifestile okanye kwintsimi yasebusika.
Ukukhula kwama-mandarin kwindawo evulekile
Ukuba isayithi lokuhlalisa ikhethiwe kwintsimi, iintlobo ezininzi ezinqabanqabileyo ezivela kwiindawo ezikhoyo zikhethiweyo. Nika ingqalelo kwiimvumi: zirhoxiswa ngokufanelekileyo, eziqinisekisa iimpawu ezihlukeneyo. Ehlabathini evulekile bayakhula bobabini ngokutyalwa kwembewu ngokuthe ngqo, nangemva kokutshintshwa kwezityalo. Ukuze ungadingi ukuxubusha malunga nokuba kunokwenzeka yini ukukhula i-mandarin kumyezo oqhelekileyo emva kokuthenga imbewu, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwiintlobo ezinjalo:
- Clementine;
- "Uvulindlela 80";
- Cavanaugh-Wase;
- "Sochi 23";
- "U-Unshiu uvulekile."
Indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin kumbhodlela?
Ekhaya, nayiphi na isityalo kulula ukukhula, kuba akudingeki ukuba ujongane nemimoya yezulu kunye nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane. Ukuthenga umthi okhulileyo kubathengisi beevenkile zeentyatyambo akudingekanga ubuncinane kuba izityalo zilungiselelwe ukuthengiswa kunye nokongezwa kwezichumisi ezinamandla, ngaphandle kokuba umthi wendlu ungaphila iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuqonda indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin kwiwindow, ulwazi olulandelayo ngale nkcubeko luya kunceda:
- Ukususela ekutyalweni kwelitye okanye ukusika phambi kokubonakala kwesiqhamo, iminyaka engama-2-3 idlula ubuncinane. Ngeli xesha, isityalo siya kutshintsha amaqabunga amancinci ngamagqabantsundu amakhulu, njengokungathi ihlanganiswe nge-wax, kwaye iqinisa i-trunk, kunye nepropus.
- Ifomu echanekileyo yomthi we-citrus iyindilinga okanye ikufutshane nayo. Iingcali ezikwazi ukukhulisa i-mandarin zixhomekeke kule fomu, kuba ikuvumela ukuba uchonge ngexesha lwezifo ze-trunk kunye nengxenye ephezulu yengcambu.
- Abamelwane abakhulu kunazo zonke ama-mandarin, abathintela amandla okukhula kunye neentlobo zeziqhamo ezinobuthi (i-cyclamen, i-spurge, i-diffenbachia okanye i-aloe emigqabi).
Indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin kwithambo ekhaya?
Yonke into, edibene nompendulo kumbuzo onokuthi, ingaba inokwenzeka ukuba sikhulise i-mandarin kwithambo ekhaya, iyafana nendlela yokuhluma kwesiqhamo kwifestile. Amathambo afakwe kwi-gauze ngeveki ukwenzela ukuba agule. Indwangu ye-gauze ifanele ibe yindawo encane, kodwa ingabi manzi. Inokuthi ithathe indawo enye i-hydrogel egcina umswakama. Emva kokuba i-poklevyvaniya ikhupha iyakutshintshwa kule mgaqo:
- Kwi-pot yepeat ene-mix mix of ground base kunye ne-turf umhlaba kunye nokongezwa kwodongwe, ii-2-3 centimeters zembewu zongezwa.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa xa ukuphakama kwehluma kufinyelela ku-5-6 cm.
- Xa i-mandarin iyomeleza, yona, kunye neengca zobumba, ifakwe kwisitya esikhulu.
Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukutshala i-mandarin ekhulile evela kwelitye?
Ngaphandle kwe-inoculation, i-Mandarin imele ivelise iziqhamo, ezona zihlandlo ezininzi ziya kuba buhlungu kwintetho. Isiphumo esiqinisekisiweyo sokuvuna ngokugcwele kunye neendawo eziphathekayo zincinci zingathembisa kuphela ukuxhoma. Ngaphambi kokutyala i-mandarin ekhulile evela kwithambo, indawo yokusebenza yesikhathi esizayo ayikhutshelwe i-disinfected ukuqinisekisa ukusukela kwehlumela. Ukunyanzelisa akufuneki izakhono ezizodwa:
- Kwi-trunk yesityalo isincinci esincinci senziwe ngoluhlobo lweleta T, i-vertical apho iya kuba yimizuzu engama-2 ubude ngaphezu kwe-horizontal.
- Ukusuka kwi-scion ethathwe kwisityalo esithwala iziqhamo, isebe lesebe elinesifo, ngaphandle kwetalethi kunye nevava, kuthathwa. Ingeniswa kwisicatshulwa, kwaye emva kwecandelo elimele le trunk lilinxeba kunye ne-band elastic - mhlawumbi indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin ukuba yonakaliswe usulelo? Isityalo sifakwe phantsi kwegumbi leglasi okanye lifakwe ipakethi.
- Xa ihluma ikhula, ingcambu iyasuswa, kwaye indawo yeso sigqeba iphathwa ngomdiliya .
Ngeliphi ixesha eliza kutyumla i-mandarin ekhulile ukusuka kwelitye?
Iintyatyambo zezilitrasi - isalathisi esiyinhloko esinyamekelayo isityalo senziwa ngokwemiqathango yonke. Iintyatyambo kuzo ziya kubonakala emva kweeveki ezingama-3-4 emva kokubonakala kwe-ovari yokuqala. Ukuba ukulima kwesi-mandarin ukusuka kwimbewu kulibazisekile kwaye i-buds ayibonakali, oqalayo unokukhawulezisa ukubonakala kwazo ngeendlela ezibonakalisiweyo:
- ukuxhaswa kwamagatsha aqinile;
- ukulahlwa kwamanzi kwiiveki ezi-1-2;
- wenqatshelwe ukudluliselwa kumhlaba omtsha, owenziwa ngamaxesha amabini ngonyaka.
Ngaba i-mandarin iya kunyuka ukusuka kwelitye?
Ukulindela ukuvuna ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutyala akuyiyo ingqiqo. Kukho iimeko xa i-citrus iqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo zonyaka wesibini emva kwe-inoculation, kodwa iziqhamo zazingenakudliwa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokweqile kwezichumisi. Kwabani na ofuna ukuqonda indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin yokuhlobisa ngaphandle kokutya izithelo, olu khetho lufanelekile. Abagadi bezolimo abaphupha isivuno esincinci baza kufuna ubuncinane iminyaka engama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuvela kwamanqabile afanelekileyo.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin kwi-cut?
Ukuveliswa kwezilwanyana ezivela kwisiqhamo somthi kulula kunokuba kuhlume amathambo. Ukukhulisa i-mandarin kwi-twig, kufuneka ufumane isityalo esinempilo kunye namaqabunga ama-1-2 eluhlaza, kwaye uqhubeke ngokulandelayo:
- Kwibhodlela eplastiki eneemingxuma, utywala luhlonyelwe ukusuka ngaphantsi, kwaye ibhotile yeglasi ifakwe phezulu.
- Ukuqwenga, uchitha ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiinyanga eziyi-2-3, ngexesha apho isityalo asikwazi ukuphazamiseka ngokutshiza kunye nokupakisha.
- Xa i-mandarin iqala ukwandisa, kwaye ubukhulu be-trunk buyi-1 cm ububanzi, buyakusatshalaliswa kwibumbi elikhulu okanye kwibhokisi.
Izimo ezikhulayo zaseMandarin
Umoya okhululekile ungadalwa ngaphandle kweendleko ezinkulu zemali kunye notyalo-mali. Iingcebiso malunga nokuphuhlisa kakuhle iimandarini ekhaya zichaze ngokucacileyo izikhokelo ezisisiseko:
- Ukukhanyisa. Usuku lokukhanya lokukhula olukhuselekileyo kufuneka linyuswe kwiiyure eziyi-12. Kwihostlu ebusika, ii- phytolamps zisetyenziselwa oku.
- Ukunisela. Kuba kuza amanzi abilisiwe ngaphandle kwemicimbi yangaphandle.
- Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo. Ngokukhawuleza xa inqanaba lokuhluma liyehla okanye umthi uqala ukupheka, utshintshwa. Eli lixesha elihle kuzo zonke iiparitha ngoFebhuwari, ngoMatshi, ngoSeptemba no-Oktobha.
Mandarin ekhaya
Xa ukhula lwe-rooting kunye ne-inoculation lihlala kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-citrus iya kufuna ukunyamekela isicwangciso esincinane. Abo baziyo ukukhulisa i-mandarin ebhodweni, bathetha ukuba kugxininiswa ukwenza umthi. Ibhola, eququzelelwe ngamasebe, ihlengahlengiswa njengoko kuyimfuneko:
- Xa isityalo sifinyelela ku-30-40 cm ukuphakama, amaqhosha asemacaleni omyalelo wokuqala athathwe kuwo.
- Ukuba i-citrus iqala ukufaka isalathisi ngokungenakulawula, yakha amagatsha aphantsi, ususe onke amaqabunga ama-4-5.
- Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-3-4, ukusuka kwisiqhamo somthi wendlu, amahlumela athathaka ayasuswa ekukhuleni.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin - yokunisela
Igumbi le-citrus, njengabokhokho, libona kakubi ixesha elimile, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukulibala malunga nokunisela kwalo. Ukulima kwesi-mandarin kwifasitela ngokunqongophala kwamanzi, kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga, kuya kukhokelela ekuhlahleni kwamagqabi kunye nokubola kweentyatyambo. Ukuxilisa ngokweqile kuyingozi ngenxa yokunciphisa izifo ezifayo. Ezi ziqhelo ezilandelayo zokunisela ziqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo:
- Ukukhethwa komthamo wamanzi, ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bebhodeni, indawo yeqabunga kunye nokukhula kwama-mandarin. Ngaphezulu kwezi zikhombisi, ngaphezulu kwamanzi oyifunayo ukuwasebenzisa umhlaba.
- Hlola umhlaba emva kokuthambisa. Unokuwuhlaba umhlaba ngentonga yomthi ka-5-6 cm. Kumelwe ube ngumhlaba onomanzi, ungagcini kakuhle.
- Ukunkcenkceshela kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube ngu-12 ebusuku. Emva koko isityalo sisebenzela iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ekugqibeleni.
- Ukugcinwa kombuso weqondo lokushisa. Njengokuba kungenakufisa ukukhulisa i-mandarin kungekudala, kubalulekile ukugcina umjikelo wayo wobomi. Ukuba isityalo siwela "kwi-hibernation" ngenxa yokulahla kweqondo lokushisa ngaphandle kwewindow, ityathwa nje kancane, ukugcina umsebenzi obalulekileyo kuyo.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin kunye neziqhamo - ukugqoka okuphezulu
Iindidi zezichumisi ze-citrus zihlulwe zibe zimbini iintlobo: ingcambu kunye ne-foliar. Ukuba umququzeleli wohlobo lokuqala lufaka isandla ekunyuseni ekukhuselweni kwe-trunk, izongezo zolu hlobo lwesibini zikhawuleza ukukhula kunye nokuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Ekubeni kunokwenzeka ukuba sikhulise i-mandarin kwindlu kuphela kwibhodlo okanye kwibhokisi, uxanduva lokuzaliswa komhlaba kunye nezinto eziphilayo zihlala kunye nomnikazi womthi. Ukugqithisa akuyiyo ingqiqo - isichumiso esasetyenziswanga ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwexesha eli-1 kwiiveki ezingama-2-3. Ukusetyenziswa ukucebisa amanzi ngaphambi kokuba kutyilwe kunye nokutshiza kungenza:
- superphosphate ;
- boron;
- i vitriol yensimbi;
- i magnesium;
- i-zinc oxide.
Ukukhusela i-tangerines ekhaya - izifo kunye neentlanzi
Ekhaya, i-citrus ayisongelo kakhulu, kuba ayixhatshali kwininzi ye-phytoinfections. Iintsilelo zangaphandle zeziqhamo ezibangelwa ukunganelanga okwaneleyo okanye ukungabi nako kwelanga kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ziqhelekileyo. Ukungahambisani nemithetho yolondolozo akufanekanga kuboniswe emthini, kodwa iimpawu zayo zibalulekile kubo bonke abantu. Phakathi kwazo: i-dwarfism, i-jaundice yamagqabi, i-shrinkage ye-trunk, iphosa kumaqabunga kunye nokuphalala kwama-ovari. Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulise i-mandarin ekhaya, kulufanelekile ukuba sizazi kunye neentlobo zezinambuzane ezivusa izifo kwiinkcubeko zase-citrus:
- Spider mite. I-red mite ifihla kwi-substrate yamaqabunga kwaye ukusuka apho iqala ukugubungela iqabunga lonke ngewebhu elincinci, ebangela ukutshabalalisa kunye nokulimala kwiintyatyambo.
- Whitefly. Ibhokhwe ngamaphiko ombala okhanyayo uphatha kakubi yonke into edibene nempendulo yombuzo malunga nendlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin ngokufanelekileyo. Inika amaqabunga iitoni ezibuhlungu, iyanciphisa inani leemali ezibophekileyo kwaye libhubhise isivuno kwisigaba sokukhula esisebenzayo.
- Thrips. Umnyama "udibanisa" uphawuleza ungabonakali kwiintsundu, ezibaguqulayo zibe yinye yezinambuzane eziqhelekileyo ezithwala iintsholongwane ezivela kwizityalo ukuya kwizityalo.
- Powdery mulberry. Izibungu ze-parasite zifaka i-gluten enetyhefu, ephazamisa uhla lwangaphandle lwamagqabi kunye neziqhamo.