I-Sinusitis, iimpawu zazo ezinokuthi zibonakaliswe kwaye zibonakaliswe njengezibonakaliso zenye, ezincinci, izifo, ezinokuthi zenze ixesha elifutshane zibangele iingxaki ezinobungozi. Ngako oko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukwahlula i-pathology kwi-rhinitis elula kwaye uphendule ngexesha lokubonakaliswa okubuhlungu.
Yintoni i-sinusitis kwaye yingozi kangakanani na?
Ukuze siqonde ngokupheleleyo umbuzo we-genyantritis, makhe sibuyele kwi-anatomy ne-physiology kwaye sicinge ngokufutshane isakhiwo senxalenye yangaphakathi yempumlo kunye nezakhiwo ezikufutshane ezixhomekeke kuyo. Isigxina somsi, esisemkhatsini womlomo womlomo, iziseko zamehlo kunye ne-craneal fossa yangaphambili, kukuqala kwendlela yokuphefumula. Ithetha kunye nendalo kunye ne-choana-kunye ne-pharynx, ehlanganiswe ne-membrane kwaye ihlukaniswe yi-septum ibe ngama-halves amabili.
Imisebenzi ephambili yempumlo yile: ukufudumala nokunyusa umoya ngokuphefumlelwa, ukukhuselwa kumayeza, ukubunjwa kwezwi kunye nabanye. Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweli nqunto akunakwenzeka ngaphandle koncedo lwamasebe axhumene nalo - i-paranasal (i-accessory) yesono esesandleni samathambo ebusweni besikhala. Olunye lwamagama abo sisono. Iimfumba ziindawo ezivakalayo zomoya, nazo zihlanganiswe nezicubu ezinamaqabunga, ezidibanisa neendwangu zamanqa ngokusebenzisa i-antiastomoses encinci. Ingqikithi kukho iine sinus - 3 zidibene kunye kunye 1 zingenakunikwa.
Izono ezinkulu kunazo zonke zingasecaleni lempumlo kumhlathi omkhulu kwaye zibizwa ngokuba ngama-maxillary sinuses. Ukuvuvukala kwimbumba ye-mucous ye sinus maxillary, yimeko ethile ye- sinusitis (ukuvuvukala kwesono), kuthiwa yi-sinusitis. Ngexesha elifanayo njengesiphumo sobuqhophololo, i-lumen ye-anastomosis iyancipha kwaye i-occlusion ye-sinus cavity iyenzeka, ukuphuma kwayo umoya kunye nokuhlanjululwa kukuphazamiseka, okukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic.
Iinkqubo ezivuthayo kule ndawo ziyingozi ngenxa yokufikelela kwimizimba ebalulekileyo njengengqondo kunye namaso. Ukongezelela, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yegazi kunye ne-lymph kungathathwa kwiindawo ezikude. Kwaye ukuba kuqaliswa ukukhubazeka, kunokwenzeka ukutshabalalisa iindonga zethambo zezono, ezinemiphumo emibi. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ze-sinusitis, iimpawu zazo ezifunyenwe ngokukhawuleza, zi:
- otitis media;
- tonsillitis ;
- i-meningitis;
- iphoso lobuchopho ;
- i-phlegmon cellulose orbit;
- sepsis;
- pyelonephritis;
- myocarditis.
Ziziphi iintlobo zegenyantritis?
Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu beenkqubo, uhlobo lwekhosi kunye nezizathu zokubangela, ukwahlula iintlobo ezinje zesinitis:
- esisecaleni - ngokuvuvukala kwesinye sinus;
- i-bilateral - ngokutshatyalaliswa kwezono ezingamashumi amabili;
- i-acute - ayihlali ngaphezu kweeveki ezingama-3-4;
- sinusitis engapheliyo - kunye nekhosi eqhubekayo kunye nexesha lokuxhatshazwa kunye nokuxolelwa;
- i-catarrhal - ebonakaliswe ukukhutshwa kwe-mucus-serous;
- ukuxhaswa kwebhakteria kunye nokubunjwa kwepus;
- i-cystic-polypous-inflammation, ebonakaliswe ukunyuka kwezilwanyana ezinamaqabunga.
Catarrh ye sinusitis maxillary
Isinusitis esisodwa okanye esisodwa esisodwa esisodwa sisoloko sisisigaba sokuqala sokuvuvukala kwe-mucosa, apho ikhula khona kwaye ivelise inani eligqithiseleyo le-mucoid-serous exudate. Ngenxa yokuphelisa okanye ukuhluthwa ngokukhawuleza kwendlela yokudityaniswa, ukukhutshwa kuqhutyelwa kwisigxina somntu, kodwa kuqokelela, kubangele ukwanda kweengcinezelo kwiisono.
Isono sinusitis
Ifomu ehlanjululwayo ivela ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwesifo somzimba. Kwi-mucus eqokelela kwi-sinus, ii-bacterium ze-pathogenic ziqala ukuphuhlisa, ngokuphendula apho i-immune system isebenzise ukuveliswa kwe-leukocytes engena kugxininiso lokusulela ukulwa nayo. Isiphumo salokhu kukubunjwa kwe-sinus maxillary. Eyona nengozi i-maxillary sinusitis ephakathi kwamanye amazwe.
Cystic-polyposis sinusitis
Iifom ezinjalo zesifo ngokukhula okungavamile kwezicubu kwi-sinus, njenge-cystic okanye i-polyposis sinusitis, ngokuqhelekileyo ziba ziqhubela phambili iinkqubo ezingavamile zokuvuvukala. Indawo yokuhlala kwimeko yezilonda ezininzi kwiimeko ezininzi zisekho. I-Polyps kunye ne-cysts, ezinokukhula okuhlambulukileyo, zinokukhula iminyaka, zizalise yonke indawo yesinasi, ikhusele i-anastomosis kwaye yenza ukuphefumla kunzima.
Sinusitis - izizathu
Sichaza izizathu ezibalulekileyo ze-sinusitis:
- Izifo zokuphefumula (i-viral, ibhakteria, i-fungal);
- zifo;
- ukungazalwa komzimba okanye ukufumana okungafanelekiyo kwe-anatomy yesigxina semisipha (umz., ukukhawuleka kwee-septum );
- ukulimala kwendlela yokuphefumula;
- Izifo zamazinyo emlonyeni omkhulu (i-caries, i-periodontitis, i-granulomas yeengcambu zamazinyo).
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuvuvukala kwe-sinus sinuses kuvela kwimvelaphi yezifo zokuphefumula zentsholongwane ye-viral, apho i-mucosa yesigxina se-nasal ichaphazelekayo. Ngokwezibalo, zonke i-ARVI zeshumi ziyinkimbinkimbi yi-sinusitis. Ngonyango olungalunganga, ukunyanzeliswa kwamagciwane omzimba, i-bacterial esebenzayo, inkqubo yokulinganisa kwesi sifo ijoyina i-viral flora.
Ziziphi iimpawu zesifo?
Iimpawu ze-sinusitis zixhomekeke kwifom yesifo. Ukuba i-sinusitis ekhulayo ikhula, iimpawu zayo zivakaliswa ngakumbi, ziphuhlise kungekudala emva kwezinto ezinokubangela (ukuxhatshazwa, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane). Iimpawu ze-sinusitis ezingapheliyo zisoloko zinezandla, zizenzekile, kodwa zikhona ixesha elide. Ifomu engapheliyo ifana nemibonakalo yekliniki kunye neqhinga kwi-stage of exacerbation, eqhubeka ngexesha le-hypothermia, impembelelo yeemvakalelo kwiindlela zokuphefumula, njalo njalo.
Iimpawu zokuqala ze-sinillasi yama-maxillary
Impawu zokuqala ze-sinusitis, iimpawu ziyabonakala sele zikwisibini ngosuku lwesithathu sesi sifo. Ezi ziquka:
- ukuxinaniswa kwamanzi okusisigxina, ubunzima bokuphefumla;
- ukukhutshwa kwimpumlo yendalo ehlukile;
- ukuhamba kwe-muscus phantsi kwodonga lwangasemva lwe-nasopharynx, kubangela ukuphefumula nokukhwehlela;
- ilizwi lomlomo;
- umkhuhlane;
- malaise jikelele;
- intloko;
- ukuxhatshazwa kwimeko yesono esitsha;
- ukuphulwa kwephunga, ukunwa kweva.
Iimpawu ze-sinusitis, iimpawu - apho zibuhlungu khona?
Ubuhlungu kwi-genyantritis bujoliswe kwindawo ebusweni kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini emacaleni empumlo, phantsi kwamehlo, apho i-sinilla maxillary ikhona khona. Kulo mmandla, kunokuba nokuhluma okuncinane, kunye noxinzelelo, ukunyuka kweentlungu. Ukongezelela, intlungu ithatha uhlamvu oluchazwe xa ikhanda litshitshiswa phantsi, ngelixa ligoba. Iimbono zivame ukubonwa njengexinzelelo, ukuqhuma, ukudonsa, ukutshiza. Izigulane ezininzi zikhalaza malunga neentloko eziqhelekileyo, intlungu kwindawo leyo phakathi kweelishi, kwintlambo ephezulu kufuphi nemigudu.
Ingaba ihlala ishushu lokugenyantritis?
Kufanelekile ukuba ukwazi ukuba ubushushu kwi-genyantritis abukho ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoko nangona kungabikho komkhuhlane, umntu akanako ukucinga ukuba akukho nto ibalulekileyo eyenzekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukwanda kweempawu ze-thermometer kuya ku-37-38.5 ºC kubhalwe kwimeko ephosakeleyo ye-pathology, ebonisa umzabalazo osebenzayo wendalo kunye nezifo zentsholongwane. Kwinkqubo ye-catarrhal kwaye kwimeko ye-sinusitis engapheliyo, ubushushu busenokuhlala kwimida eqhelekileyo.
Ukukhupha kwimpumlo kunye ne-genyantritis
I-Sinusitis, iimpawu ezibandakanya ukubonakala kokukhutshwa kwimpumlo, zihlelwe ngokwemvelo yazo. Ngokuxhomekeka kwisibalo kunye nesigaba sesilonda, ukukhutshwa kwintlambo ingasentla:
- buninzi-kubonisa ukuba iimpazamo azivaliwe, kwaye kukho ukuphuma kwekhampu eveliswayo;
- abahluphekayo-uthetha ukucinywa okupheleleyo okanye okukhethiweyo kweedoksi ezidityanisiweyo;
- ngokucacileyo - kuboniswe kwinkqubo ye-catarrhal;
- oluhlaza-oluqhelekileyo lugqithiso lwe-microflora ye-bacterial pathogenic;
- ophuzi - uphawu lweprogram epheleleyo;
- kunye nokuphuma kwegazi empumleni kunye ne-genyantritis, eneemfucuza zamagazi, sisiphumo sezinto ezithintekayo kwiimonsi (ngamanye amaxesha oku kungenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezidakamizwa ze-vasoconstrictive okanye ukuqhuma okukhulu).
Ukuxilongwa kwegenyantritis
Ekubeni iimpawu zegenyantritis ziyakucinywa, ukuphonononga ugqirha we-ENT akukusoloko kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuqonda uhlobo lwesimo esivela kuso esi sifo. Ngenxa yoko, uphando lwezixhobo kunye neelabhoratri zonyulwa:
- I-X - ray - kwi-genyantritis, le ndlela iyona ndlela ephezulu yokuxilongwa, ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukwanda okungavumelekanga kwimbumba yamathambo, ukujonga ngeso lengqondo imiqobo kunye nokugqiba umgangatho we-fluid egciniweyo kubo ngokulingana kwezithunzi ezisemfanekisweni.
- I-tomography ekhompyutheni - le ndlela inconywa ukuba ikhunjulwa nge-sinusitis, iimpawu zazo ziqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kodwa ukuxilongwa kwe-X-ray akuqinisekisi oku. Le ndlela ichanekile kwaye ikwazisa, ngendlela iimeko zesono ezivandlakanywe ngayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele - kunokubonisa i-leukocytosis kunye nokwanda kwinqanaba le-erythrocytes, elibonisa inkqubo yokuvuvukala.
- I-Bakposev kwi-microflora ye-punctate ye-sinus maxillary -uphando lujoliswe ekuboneni i-agent ekhuselekileyo yesifo kunye nokuqulunqa uvelwano lwe-pathogen kwimithi ethile. Le nkqubo enomngcipheko imiselwe kwiimeko ezizodwa xa kukho izifo ezinzima, ingozi enkulu yeengxaki, kunye nokungazi kakuhle kweyeza-antibiotics.
Sinusitis - yintoni oyenzayo?
Kwimeko apho umfanekiso weklinikhi ubonisa ukuba ukuvutha kwezono ezinama-maxillary eziphuhliswe ngokwemvelaphi yentsholongwane yentsholongwane yokuphefumula (intsholongwane ebalulekileyo ye-pathology yayandulelwe yimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, impumlo, i-sneezing, njl). Into eyona nto yokwenza ukuba i-genyantritis isigaba se-catarrhal ukuqhuba rhoqo ucoceko lwesigxina se-nasal usebenzisa izisombululo ze-saline kunye nokubeka esweni i-microclimate ekamelweni ukukhusela i-mucus ekumeni kunye nokuqina.
Ubume bentsholongwane kunye nefungal yesi sifo kudinga ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zokulwa ne-antibacterial and antitifungal, apho ugqirha kufuneka amisele. Ukongezelela, unyango olulondolozayo lungabandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezi zonyango:
- Amaconsi e-vasoconstrictive (Pharmazoline, Naphthysine , Vibrocil );
- antihistamines (uErius, Loratadin, Cetrin);
- isisombululo se-antiseptic (i-Chlorfillipt, i-Miramistin);
- i-mucolytics (Ambroxol, ATSTS).
Kwezinye iimeko, ukucinywa kwamanzi kunye nokuhlanjululwa kweesono kunqunywe yi-"cuckoo" okanye i-sinus evacuation, i-physiotherapy (i-ultraphonophoresis, inhalation kunye nabanye) eyenziwa. Ukuba olo hlobo lunyango aluzuzi iziphumo, ukugqithwa okugqityiweyo (ukutshitshiswa) kweso sinus kwenziwa ukucoca i-pathogenic fluid kunye nokuhlambulula kwakhona.