Izifo ezihamba kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-erythrocytes kwinqanaba le-intracellular okanye le-intravascular lidibanisa elinye iqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-hemolytic anemia. Ibonakala ngokufa kwangaphambili kwe-erythrocytes ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuzinza kwama-erythrocytes kuxhomekeke kwiiprotheni ze-cell, i-hemoglobin, iipropathi zegazi kunye nezinye izinto. Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwamalungu aphakathi okanye iinqununu ze-erythrocyte, iqala ukutshatyalaliswa.
I-héemolytic anemia - udidi
I-anemia kufuneka ihlulwe kwi-congenital kwaye ifumaneke.
Ezifunyenweyo zizo zintlobo:
- iintlobo ze-immune ze-anemia, zibandakanya i-hemolytic anemia kunye ne-immune;
- Ukungakhuselekanga, okubangelwa ukulawulwa kweziyobisi okanye ngenxa yezifo kunye nezifo.
Kwezinye iimeko, ukufumana i-anemia yinto yesikhashana, abanye bangena kwisigaba esingapheliyo.
I-hemolytic anemicia
Zivela ngenxa yeziphene zemizimba ebomvu ngokwabo. Qinisekisa ukuba ingaba yintsana, ukuba uyagcina ingqalelo kwi-hemoglobin enciphise, ukubonakala kwe-jaundice kunye nokuba khona kwezifo kwizizalwane.
I-anemia yokuzalwa yintlungu ihambelana nayo:
- ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wee-enzyme zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi;
- iziphene kwi-hemoglobin components (i-sickle-cell anemia);
- ukungaqhelekanga kwisakhiwo se-erythrocyte membrane (i-microspherocytic hemolytic anemia).
Enye i-anemia yokuzalwa iyakwazi ukuvela nangaphandle kokuphazamiseka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kodwa ziyabhujiswa phantsi kwefuthe lesifo esibi.
I-héemolytic anemia - iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-anemia ye-hemolytic zihlala zifana nokubonakaliswa kwesinye i-anemia. Kodwa kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuba ufumana enye yeempawu ezilandelayo:
- intloko, ukukhathala , ubuthathaka, iintliziyo zentlungu;
- i-pallor, ithoni yesikhumba ephuzi, iliso, ngenxa yokwanda kwengcinezelo ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu ze-bilirubin;
- Ukwandiswa kwetyeni, kuba kuseli candelo ukuba ukufa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwenzeka, intlungu kwicala lasekhohlo ngaphantsi kombhobho udlalwa;
- ukubumnyama komchamo ngenxa yokuba kuzaliswe imveliso yokuchithwa kwe-hemoglobin.
I-héemolytic anemia - ukuxilongwa
Okokuqala, ugqirha kufuneka enze i-anamnesis ecacileyo yesi sifo. Kumele afune ukuba naziphi na izihlobo zakhe ziye zafumana i-hemolytic anemia, nokuba ngaba ngabahlali beentaba. Le nto ibaluleke gqitha, kuba abahlali baseDagestan neAzerbaijan banesifo semfuyo yokuzalwa.
Ukuxilongwa, ingcali kufuneka ikwazi ukuba iimeko zokuqala zeempawu zokugcina i-anemia zigcinwe.
Xa ukrokreka kokufumana i-anemia, ugqirha uya kuzama ukufumanisa isizathu esibangela isifo. Ukuqinisekisa ubukho be-anemia yefa, kubalulekile ukunyamekela ukungaqhelekanga komzimba (ukuguqulwa kwamazinyo, ukukhula okungafaniyo).
Emva kokwenza i-anamnesis ekunqumeni i-anemia ye-hemolytic, ugqirha uya kumisela ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ibeka ingqalelo ekunciphiseni kwinqanaba le-hemoglobin kunye nokwanda kwenani lama-reticulocytes. Xa uhlola amangqombela egazi abomvu phantsi kwe-microscope,
Ukwelapha isifo semvelo esinokwelapha i-Hemolytic
Ukulwa nokukhulelwa kwe-anemia kuxhomekeke kwimeko yokubonakalisa kwayo kunye nokuqina kwesifo. Ngoku se benzisa ezi ndlela:
- Ukunikezelwa kwamkela i-glucosteroids, ephazamisa ukuphuhliswa kwama-antibodies ezonakalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- Ukuba unyango lwe-hormone alusebenzi, i-spleen isusiwe.
- Ukulwa ne-anemia, i-plasmapheresis isetyenziswa.