I-dementia efumanekayo, echaphazela abantu asebekhulile ngokuqhelekileyo, kuthiwa yi-dementia (ukusuka kwisiLatin "ubuhlanya"). Le ntsholongwane ayiyiyo inzala, kodwa ifunyenwe. Ngaphambi kwesi sifo umntu unako ukucinga ngendlela enengqiqo kwaye azikhonze, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ulahlekelwa ngamathuba.
Dementia - yintoni na?
Kubalulekile ukuqonda xa i-dementia ifikile, ukuba sisifo esibangelwa ngumonakalo wengqondo. Abantu banoma yiphina ubudala, kungekhona nje abantu asebekhulile, banesifo sengqondo, kwaye inani lamatyala likhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga, umzekelo, i-oligophrenia, le syndrome ifunyenwe kwaye ayithethi ukuphuhliswa kwe-psyche. I-Dementia yinkathazo ebalulekileyo yentshukumo yomsebenzi, ngenxa yoko isigulane esilahlekelwa izakhono nolwazi, kwaye ayikwazi ukuqonda ezintsha. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwemisebenzi yengqondo yomntu onempilo kuyabonwa.
Ukufuna i-Psychology
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-syndrome ivela ngenxa yezifo (Parkinson, Pick, Alzheimer, njl.), Ukulimala. Ingxaki ivela kwi-cortex ye-cerebral kwaye ingaba neendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ngokwemigangatho yobunzima kunye nenkambo: i-mild, imodareythi kwaye inzima. Ukuba kukho isifo esihambelanayo kwaye siyaqhubeka, ukugula komzimba kukhula, isifo sifana nesigulane. Isigulane silahlekelwa lukhulu lweengcamango, siyeke ukwazi umhlaba ojikelezile, kunye nomdla kubomi. I-syndrome ibonakalisa i-multifaceted: imemori, intetho, ingqiqo iphukile, iimeko ezixinezelekileyo zivela.
I-Dementia - izizathu ze
Le syndrome ivela ngenxa yokulimala komonakalo kwingqondo emva kokuxhwaleka okanye uhlobo lwesifo (ngamanye amaxesha uninzi ngexesha). Ukuqumbisa ukugula kwakhe kunokufikelela kwiimeko ezingaphezu kwezi-200 zezilwanyana. Ngeentlobo ezithile zeengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwi-cortex ye-cerebral yindlela ehamba phambili yesifo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous central kuba ngumphumo wale syndrome.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zengqondo ye-dementia zi:
- Isifo se-Alzheimer (ukuya kwi-65% yazo zonke iimeko);
- umonakalo we-vascular owabangelwa yi-atherosclerosis, isifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukusasazeka kweempawu kunye negazi;
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi;
- Isifo sikaParkinson;
- Isifo sikaPick;
- i-craniocebral trauma;
- izifo ze-endocrine (iingxaki ze-thyroid, i- Cushing's syndrome );
- izifo ezizimelayo (i-multiple sclerosis, i-lupus erythematosus);
- isifo (i-AIDS, i-meningitis engapheliyo, i-encephalitis, njl);
- isifo sikashukela;
- izifo ezinzima zezitho zangaphakathi;
- ngenxa yeengxaki ze-hemodialysis (ukuhlanjululwa kwegazi),
- utywala obunzima okanye ukungafihli.
Iimpawu zoMdinga
Kukho amanyathelo amathathu esi sifo, ngoko ngamnye ngamnye unezibonakaliso zakhe:
- Uphawu oluphambili lwesi sifo sisifo seememori esiqhubekayo. Impawu ebonakalayo yokugula komzimba ziphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza, ubukrakra, ukungabikho komsebenzi, ukunyanzelisa ukuziphatha kwabantu.
- Iimpawu zesiqhelo zesifo: ukukhunjulwa kwememori ye-amnestic, xa isigulane siyeka ukuzibona esibukweni, sidibanisa ingalo ekhohlo kunye nekhohlo njalonjalo.
- Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, ithoni ye-muscle iqala ukwanda, oku kungakhokelela kwimeko yokutya kunye nesiphumo esibulalayo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisilinganiselo sesi sifo, iimpawu zalo kunye nesigulane sagulane sichazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- Ngoxinzelelo lwengqondo, ubaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yakhe kwaye uyakwazi ukuzikhathalela.
- Ngomlinganiselo omonakalo owenziwe ngokukhawuleza, kukho ukuhla kweengcaphephe kunye nobunzima bokuziphatha kwimizi.
- Ukuphelelwa kwengqondo okukhulu - yintoni na? Isifo sibonisa ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kobuntu, xa umntu omdala engakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo imfuno kwaye adle.
Indlela yokuphepha kwengqondo?
Ukunyamezeka kwengqondo yindoda enye yezona zinto ezibangela ukukhubazeka kubantu abadala. Kuphuhliso lwe-syndrome ayibonakali ebusheni, okwangoku iimpawu zokuqala zokuthotywa zingabonakala zisele kwiminyaka engama-55 ukuya kuma-60. Ukubuza umbuzo indlela yokuthintela ukugula kwengqondo ixesha elide ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kwayo, kufuneka uvelise ebomini yakho imithetho emininzi nemikhwa efanelekileyo:
- ukwala kotywala nokutshaya;
- isondlo esifanelekileyo (ukutya rhoqo kwimihla efunekayo yamavithamini, ukungabikho kokutya okukhawulezileyo kunye nokutya okunamafutha);
- umsebenzi owenziwe ngokulinganayo;
- umsebenzi wengqondo;
- uxolo lwengqondo (ugweme uxinzelelo, ugweme ukucaphuka);
- Ukuthintela ukusilela kwe-vitamin D - ukungabi naso emzimbeni kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwesifo se-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sengqondo esilandelayo.
Iintlobo zomqondo weengqondo
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-syndrome kuxhomekeke kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo zeengqondo, iinkqubo zengqondo, ubukho bokugula okanye izifo eziphambili, iminyaka yesigulane. Ngokwendawo yesifo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubalule kwiindidi ezininzi:
- I-cortical , eyenziwa xa i-cortex ibonakele. Ihlukaniswe ngamacandelwana: engaphambili (i-frontal lobe) kunye ne-frontotemporal (umonakalo wangaphambili we-lobe).
- I-subcortical okanye subcortical , apho izakhiwo ezincinci zichaphazelekayo.
- I-cortical-subcortical (kukho zombini iintlobo zezilonda ezichazwe ngasentla).
- Multifocal , xa ubuchopho bunamahloni amaninzi.
Ukugula ngengqondo
Ingxaki yokudemokelwa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo yintsholongwane echaphazelekayo echaphazela abantu abakhulileyo. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwesondlo, i-neurons ephosheni iyafa, kwaye oku kubangela ukuba utshintsho olungenakuguquka. Kwinqanaba lokuqala le-syndrome, umntu akanako ukuqonda, ngoko wahlaselwa ngumdementi, ukuba lesi sifo esingakhokelela ekugqibeleni. Impawu zokuqala zesifo ziyancitshiswe ingxinano kunye nokukhathala ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye i-harbingers: ukuphuculwa komsebenzi wengqondo, ubunzima kwizenzo zokuqala, ukuguquka kwemizwelo.
Ukunyuka kwengqondo kotywala
Akunjalo ukuba eso sifo sichaphazela abantu abadala. Ukusukela kwiminyaka eyi-15 - ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala, utywala obunxilisayo obunxilisayo, iimpawu zezi: ukuchithwa kweentlalo, ukulahleka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ukuncipha kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwememori, umsebenzi okhubazekile wezitho zangaphakathi, ukuguqulwa kwamathambo engqondweni. Ukuhlaziywa ngokuqhelekileyo kobuntu yinqanaba lokugqibela lokuphuza utywala. Ukufikelela kwi-20% yazo zonke izigulane ezifunyenwe ukuxilongwa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala.
Ingozi ye-ethyl yotywala kukuba iphazamisa umsebenzi we-neurotransmitters onoxanduva. Ukususela ekuxhatshazweni kotywala kunokuxhatshazwa ngamalungu angaphakathi, iindonga zemithambo yegazi, ingqondo. I-Dementia yale ntlobo ibonakala emva komonakalo odelele kwi-neurons nge-alcohol ethyl. Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kuboniswa kwisigaba sesithathu sokuxhomekeka, xa umntu elahlekelwa ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nobungakanani bokusela.
Ukugula komzimba
Esinye sezimbangela zengqondo yokufumana ingqondo ngumonakalo wengqondo ngenxa yokulimala kwe-craniocerrebral, ukuvuvukala kunye nezivalo. Izifo ze-Vascular, i-AIDS, i-syphilis, njl njl. Nayo inokubangela ukuba uphuhlise ukukhula kwengqondo. Isifo sengqondo somzimba sisifo esingaba sisonke xa zonke iintlobo zomsebenzi wokuqonda (ukucinga, ukunakwa, inkumbulo, njl. Kwimeko yesibini, iinkalo ezithile zeenkqubo zengcamango zichaphazelekayo, kunye nokulondolozwa ngokulinganayo kwengcinga ebalulekileyo kunye nokuziphatha kwentlalo.
Schizophrenic Dementia
Izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichaphazelekayo zibonisa iimpawu ezithile. Kwi-schizophrenia, isifo sibonakala ngokungabalulekanga kuncinci kwintelligence, kodwa ukubonakala kokunganakwa, ukungafaneleki, ukubunjwa kwengqondo kunye neparanoia. Ixesha loxinzelelo luqala ngokusesikweni kwimeko yesimo sengqondo esicinezelekileyo. Emva koko ukuphazamiseka kwisithuba kulandela. I-schizophrenic dementia ingumqondo we-dementia, apho imemori ingatshintshi ixesha elide, kodwa akukho njongo. Ukuziphatha kwesigulane kubonakala kungenangqiqo kwaye kungenakunceda.
Indlela yokuziphatha ngayo nezigulane zentsholongwane yengqondo?
Ngesi sifo, i-forecast is a doubt. Ubunzima obunzima uguquka rhoqo kwimizimba kunye nokuziphatha. Kwaye umbuzo oyintloko ophazamisa izihlobo zezigulane: njani ukunceda isiguli ngengqondo yokugula. Kukho iinkqubo zonyango zonyango kunye namanyathelo okuhlalisana nokuhlaziya. Kubalulekile ukuqonda nokwahlula loo mqondo wokuba i-dementia yile ndlela yokuziphatha, kungekhona isifo. Ubume bemeko kubalulekile ekusebenzisaneni okulungileyo, kuba kuxhomekeke kubo ukuba isiguli siya kugcinana njani nehlabathi langaphandle. Kucetyiswa ukuba silandele iingcebiso ezilula malunga nesigulane:
- cwangcisa ngokucacileyo imibuzo, uthetha ngokukhawuleza nangokucacileyo;
- unike iingcebiso ukuba umntu akayi kuhlangabezana nalo, akwazi ukulinda;
- ukufumana ingqalelo yomguli;
- ukwahlula izenzo kwiikhewu zamanyathelo alula;
- ukuthetha ngendlela enhle.
Indlela yokuphatha i-dementia?
Ukufumana unyango olusebenzayo, kubalulekile ukuxilonga i-dementia syndrome ngokukhawuleza, kunye neendlela zokunyanga zixhomekeke kwi-diagnostic. Akukho siphakamiso esicacileyo kwonyango yokugula komntu, kuba umntu ngamnye ngumntu. Kodwa ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi eziqhelanisa ubuchopho, zinokunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuhlaziywa kwaye ziyeke ukuyeka ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ukuphambuka kwemisebenzi yengqiqo kuyabuyiselwa.
- Ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwesi sifo kunokuba kube ngumgangatho wesondlo kunye ne-regimen (umzekelo, kwimeko yesifo sengqondo sotywala).
- Ukuthintela ukufa kweeseli zesigulane nokuphelisa iimpawu zesifo kunye neziyobisi. Isiseko sonyango siquka iziyobisi ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zeentlanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ukujikeleza kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi kunye neziyobisi eziqinisa uxhulumaniso lwe-neural kwingqondo.
- Izigulane azifunanga kuphela amayeza, kodwa uncedo lwengqondo. Ulwaphulo lwezengqondo, oluchaphazela kakuhle umonde wesigulane kwaye luphucula ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ngexesha lokugula, luye lwazibonakalisa kakuhle. Iziphumo ezinobungakanani kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokuqhagamshelana nesigulane kunye nabathandekayo, izilwanyana, unyango lomculo.