I-bronchoscopy yi-tracheobronchoscopy okanye i-fibrobronchoscopy-indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-endoscopic indlela yokuhlolwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimihla yomnquba. Ngendlela elula, le ndlela ivumela ugqirha ukuba azibone ngamehlo akhe isimo seetyhubhu ze-bronchi kunye ne-trachea-ukubonakalisa i-pathologies okanye ukufumana izigqibo malunga nesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo. Ingxelo yokugqibela ayinqabile, kuba, njengommiselo, zikho izizathu ezibalulekileyo ze-bronchoscopy, ezifunyenwe ngezinye iindlela zoviwo.
Imiqondiso ye-bronchoscopy
I-bronchoscopy ingenziwa ngeenjongo ezimbini-ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izibonakaliso ezinzima zokuziphatha kwazo zibonisa ukukrokra ukuvuvukala okanye ukuvuvukala.
Ukuba i-ray-ray ifunyenwe ibe yinkqubo engathandekiyo kwimizimba yamaphaphu, okanye ukuba isigulane sibonisa i-hemoptysis, ke le isalathisi esinzima sokwenza le nkqubo.
Kwakhona, i-bronchoscopy inokususa amaqela angaphandle. I-bronchoscopy ayixhomekeke ngokucacileyo kunye ne-biopsy kwiimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukufunda ngohlobo lwemfundo.
Ngoko, ngesishwankathelo kunokwenzeka ukunika amanye amanqaku xa ubonakaliso lwe-bronchoscopy luboniswa:
- ngokuvutha - ukuhlolwa kwesantya somonakalo kwinkqubo yokuphefumula;
- xa ukukhwehlela - ukugqiba isizathu esibangela isifo esingapheliyo;
- xa i-hemoptysis-ukufumana isizathu sokukhululwa kwegazi kunye ne-mucus;
- phambi kwamalungu angaphandle kumaziko okuphefumula;
- inkcazo yee-ejenti zezifo zokuphefumula (kunye nokugula ixesha elide);
- ukuthatha izicubu zokuhlola;
- inkcazo yesigaba somhlaza wemiphunga ;
- yokulungisa unyango.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-bronchoscopy ibonisa amathuba amaninzi okufunda uhlobo lobulwelwe, ukulungiswa kwonyango, nakwezinye iimeko unyango.
Ngeenjongo zokwelapha, i-bronchoscopy isetyenziselwa:
- ukukhutshwa komzimba wangaphandle;
- ukususwa kwegazi kunye nepus;
- ukuqaliswa kweziyobisi ngokuthe ngqo kwi-lesion;
- ukupheliswa kompompo;
- ukubuyisela ubuchule be-trachea.
Ukulungelelwa kwe-bronchoscopy
Ukulungiselela inkqubo kuqukethe izinto ezininzi:
- I-X-ray yesifuba, kwakunye ne-electrocardiography. Uviwo lophambili luqulethwe nencazelo yerea kunye negesi egazini.
- Isilumkiso sesigqirha malunga nobukho okanye ukungabikho kwesifo sikashukela, ukuhlaselwa kwintliziyo kunye nesifo senhliziyo. Ukwamkelwa kwezidangalazo kunye ne-hormone therapy kufuneka kwazise i-endoscopist ngaphambi kwenkqubo.
- I-bronchoscopy yenziwa kwisisu esingenalutho. Ngoko ke, isidlo sokugqibela akufanele sibe ngaphezu kwe-21: 00.
- Ukufumana amanzi ngosuku loviwo phambi kokuba inkqubo ingavunyelwe.
- I-bronchoscopy inokwenziwa kuphela kumagumbi axhomekeke ngokukhethekileyo kunye neemeko eziyinyumba, ekubeni amathuba okusuleleka emzimbeni aphezulu kakhulu. Qiniseka ukuba. Ukuba iziko lezonyango lihambelana nemilinganiselo yobuthakathaka.
- Ngaphambi kwenkqubo, izigulane zengqondo zingadinga ijojo yokuthoba.
- Ngaphambi kwenkqubo, kufuneka ulungise ithawula kunye ne-napkins, kuba emva kokuba ingaba yi-hemoptysis.
- Ngaphambi kokuba inqubo ifanele isuswe amazinyo, gweba amacwecwe okulungisa kunye neengubo zokubhoboza.
I-bronchoscopy yenziwe njani?
Ngaphambi kokwenza i-bronchoscopy yemiphunga, isigulane sithatha ingubo yakhe yangaphandle kwaye idibanise ikhala. Kwi-bronchitis engapheliyo kunye ne-asthma (izifo ezihamba ne-spasm yemiphunga), i-dimedrol, seduxen kunye ne-atropine ilawulwa imizuzu engama-45 ngaphambi kwenkqubo, kwaye imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokuqala, isisombululo se-euphyllin silawulwa. Xa i-bronchoscopy phantsi kwe-anesthesia, isigulane siyongezwa kwakhona ukuba ivelise i-salbutamol aerosol, eyanceda i-bronchi. Kwi-anesthesia yendawo, i-nebulizers isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-nasopharynx kunye ne-oropharynx. Oku kuyimfuneko ukucima i-reflex ye-emetic.
Isikhundla isiguli esihlala kuyo - ukulala okanye ukuhlala, sigqirha ugqirha.
I-endoscope ifakwe kwiphepha lokuphefumula ngaphantsi kokulawulwa kombono ngeempumlo okanye emlonyeni, emva koko ugqirha uhlola kuzo zonke iinkalo kwimimandla enomdla.
Iziphumo ze-bronchoscopy
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-bronchoscopy ayihambelani nemiphumo emibi-into encinci kunye neempumlo zempumlo zempumlo emini. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko xa iindonga ze-bronchi zonakaliswe, i- pneumonia ikhula, i-bronchospasm, i-allergies kunye negazi emva kwe-biopsy.