Izidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic liqela leziyobisi ezenzelwe ukuvimbela okanye ukuvimbela iinkqubo zokwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokukhula kwezicubu ezinxulumene.
Ngabe i-cytostatics imiselwe nini?
Indawo ephambili yokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ekuthethwa ngayo yonyango lwezondo ezibi ezibonakaliswa ngokuhlukana kweeseli ezingalawulwayo (umdlavuza, i- leukemia , i-lymphomas, njl.).
Ngomlinganiselo omncinci, iziphumo zamachiza kweli qela zixhomekeke kwiziqhelo eziqhelekileyo ezihlula ngokukhawuleza iiseli zomnxeba wethambo, isikhumba, iimbumba zomzimba, i-epithelium yesiginci sesisu. Oku kuvumela ukusebenzisa i-cytostatics kwakhona kwizifo ezizimele (i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-scleroderma, i-lupus nephritis, isifo se-Wellpasture, i-systemic lupus erythematosus, njl.).
Njengengxenye yonyango oluyinkimbinkimbi, iziyobisi ze-cytotoxic zilawulwa ngomlomo ngendlela yamacwecwe, iifomsules, okanye njengama-injection (intravenous, intra-arterial, intraluminal, intravitreal). Ubungakanani bekhosi yonyango luboniswe ubunzima besifo, ukuphumelela nokunyamezela kweziyobisi.
Uluhlu lweziyobisi ze-cytotoxic
I-Cytostatics ihlelwe ngenjongo yokuyalela, kwaye olu luhlu lunemiqathango, ngenxa yokuba Zininzi iziyobisi zeqela elifanayo zineendlela ezizodwa zokwenza kwaye zisebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezihlambalayo. Nantsi uluhlu oluphambili lwamagama eziyobisi ze-cytotoxic:
1. Ukwazisa iziyobisi:
- i-alkylsulphonates (Busulfan, Treosulfan);
- i-ethylenimines (i-Thiotepa);
- iziphumo ze nitrosoureas (i-Nimustine, iLomustine, iCarmustine, i-Mystophoran, i-Streptozotocin);
- i-chloroethylamines (iClorambucil, i-Ifosfamide, iBendamustine, i-Cyclophosphamide, i-Melphalan, iTrophosphamide).
2. I-alkaloids yesityalo:
- iipodophyllotoxins (Teniposide, Etoposide);
- iirhafu (docetaxel, paclitaxel);
- vinaalkaloids (Vindesin, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine).
3. iAntimetabolites:
- abachasene ne-folic acid (i-Ralitrexed, i-Methotrexate);
- Abachasayo bamagxolo (Cladribine, Fludarabine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine);
- abachasene ne-pyrimidine (cytarabine, capecitabine, gemcitabine, fluorouracil).
4. Amayeza aphikisana nomsebenzi:
- i-anthracyclines (Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Epirubicin, i-Idarubicin, iMitoxantrone);
- nezinye antibiotics (antibiotic, bleomycin, plikamycin, dactinomycin).
5. Ezinye i-cytostatics:
- iziphumo ze-camptothecin (i-Irinotecan, iTototecan);
- iziphumo zeplatinum (iCisplatin, iCarboplatin, i-Oxaliplatin);
- abanye (iTemozolomide, Altrethamine, Estramustine, Amsacrine, L-asparaginase, iDacarbazine, Hydroxycarbamide, Procarbazine).
6. Ama-antibodies (i-Trastuzumab, iEderkolomab, iRituximab).
7. Amahomoni ase-cytostatic:
- i-antiandrogens (i-cyproterone acetate, i-bicalutamide, i-flutamide);
- progestins (i-Medroxyprogesterone acetate, i-Megestrol acetate);
- i-estrogens (i-Polyestradiol, i-Phosphastrol);
- antiestrogens (iToremifene, Tamoxifen, Droloxifene);
- i-aromatase inhibitors (i-Anastrozol, i-Formestan, i-Exemestane).
- I-LH-RH i-agonists (iGocerelin, iBuserelin, i-Leiprolein acetate, i-Tryptorelin).
Ama-cytotoxic agents e-pancreatitis
Esi sifo esibi, i-cytostatics (umzekelo, i-fluorouracil) ingasetyenziselwa unyango. Indlela yokwenza kwezi zonyango ihambelana nokukwazi kwabo ukuvimbela umsebenzi we-excretory weeseli ze-pancreatic.
Imiphumo emibi yeCytostatics
Imiphumo emibi yempembelelo kunyango lwe-cytostatics yile:
- ukulahlekelwa kweenwele;
- isifo sohudo;
- i-anorexia ;
- isicefe
- ukuhlanza;
- intloko;
- buthathaka;
- ukuphulwa komjikelezo wesini;
- ukungabikho;
- uphuhliso lwe-leukemia, njl