I-glaucoma evulekileyo yimizimba engapheliyo yamehlo, ihamba kunye nokunyuka kwengcinezelo ye-intraocular kunye ne-atrophy eqhubekayo yentshontsho ye-optic, isongela ukuphosa. Indlela yokuyiqonda esi sifo, esafumaneka ngokubanzi kubantu abancinci, kunye nendlela yokuyiphatha ngayo, siya kuqwalasela ngakumbi.
I-glaucoma evelelwe-angle kunye ne-angle-angle-angle
Iifom ezimbini ze-pathology ziyaziwa: i-glaucoma evulekileyo kunye ne-glaucoma evaliweyo. Kuzo zombini iimeko, umphumo weenkqubo zentsholongwane kwiiscuphe zamehlo kukulahlekelwa kwentsholongwane ye-optic, ekhokelela ekubeni yimfama. Emehlweni ethu, amanzi ayenziwayo aqhubekayo, aphumayo okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwimiba ephakathi kwe-cornea kunye ne-iris (i-angle yokuhlunga).
Ngenxa yokulinganisela nokuphuma kobutyu ngaphakathi kwamehlo, uxinzelelo olulodwa oluqhubekayo lugcinwa. Ukuba ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuphuma kwe-intraocular fluid kuba nzima kakhulu, kuqala ukuqokelela, okukhokelela ekunyuseni kwixinzelelo. Ngenxa yoko, i-nertic optic kunye nezinye izicubu eziseduze ziqala ukufumana umthwalo ongapheliyo, ukunikezelwa kwegazi kuphazamiseka, i-hypoxia ivela, kwaye umntu ulahlekelwa yimbonakalo.
Nge-glaucoma evulekileyo, i-angle yokucoca ihlala ivulekile kwaye ivulekile njengoko kufanele ibe, kwaye umqobo wokukhutshwa komswakama uvela kwiindawo ezinzulu zeso. Le fomu yesifo ikhula kancane, kancane kancane. Nge-glaucoma yokuvalwa kwendlela yokuvala, kukho ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwesiteshi sokukhupha, ikona yekamelo langaphambili livaliwe. Kule meko, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-intraocular kwanda ngokukhawuleza, kunokuhlasela okunamandla, okufuna uncedo olukhawulezileyo.
Vula i-angle glaucoma - izizathu
Ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela yokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana, i-glaucoma evulekileyo evulekileyo kunye neyesibini zihlangene. Iintlobo zokuqala zikhula ngokuzimeleyo kwaye zidibanisa nemfuza. Kwaye kwaqulunqwa ukuba ukuxhotyiswa kwezilwanyana ezinokwenziwa kwezilwanyana kubonisa izixhobo zesakhiwo sekona yekamelo langaphambili lemehlo. Ngaloo nto, utshintsho kwinkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi yinkxalabo ekuxhomekeke kwintlondi kwinkqubo ye-endocrine, inkqubo ye-nervous, kwimikhumbi. Ngenxa yoko, esi sifo sinokudityaniswa nezo pathologies:
- i-atherosclerosis ;
- isifo soxinzelelo;
- migraine ;
- isifo sikashukela;
- i-myopia yezinga eliphezulu, njl.
I-glaucoma yesiqulatho isakhiwe ngokumalunga nemvelaphi yezinye izifo ezibhubhisa okanye ezithathelwanayo zamehlo, imiphumo yokulimala, ukutshisa, iinkqubo zesisu, ukuxhatshazwa. Ngokwezifundo zandul 'utsha, ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kuphethwe yimiba efana nokuphila kwindlela yokuhlala, ukungabikho komsebenzi oqhelekileyo, imikhwa emibi, isisindo somzimba.
Vula i-angle ye-glaucoma-degree
Ngenxa yokuba utshintsho olusisigxina kwizakhi zamehlo, ngokuqhelekileyo iinkqubo zokuphuhlisa i-sequentially, i-glaucoma evulekileyo ihlukaniswe ngamanqanaba amaninzi (amanqanaba). Ngelo xesha, inqanaba loxinzelelo lwe-intraocular lungaqhelekanga (ngaphantsi kwe-27 mm Hg), ngokulinganayo (ukusuka kwi-28 ukuya kwi-32 mm Hg) okanye phezulu (ngaphezu kwe-33 mm Hg). Sifaka zonke izigaba ze-glaucoma evulekile.
Vula ingqungquthela yegraucoma yokuqala
Kule nqanaba, yintoni isigaba sokuqala, akukho tshintsho oluthengisiweyo lweengcaphephe ezibonakalayo. Kunokunyuswa kwengcinezelo ye-intraocular, inguqu engabalulekanga kummandla wombono. Ngoviwo olukhethekileyo lwe-ophthalmological, utshintsho kwi-fundus lubonakaliswa-ukubonakala kwexinzelelo phakathi kwendawo ye-optic nerve (discuation). Ukuba i-glaucoma evulekileyo ifunyanwe ngeli nqanaba, ukugxekwa kwe-pathology kukulungele ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi kunye nobomi bezigulane.
Vula ii-glaucoma 2 degrees
Isigaba sesibini se-pathology sibizwa ngokuthi siphuhlisiwe. Izigulane ezinokuthi zifumene i-glaucoma evulekileyo evulekile, izikhalazo zizodwa, kwaye zidibene nokunciphisa ummandla wembonakalo kwimizuzu engaphezu kwama-10 ukusuka kwicala lempumlo. Ukongezelela, ngeli nqanaba, ukucuthwa okugxininiswe kwintsimi yombono, ongagqibekanga kwii-degrees ezili-15, sele usenokuqaphela. Emva kokuvavanywa, kutyhilwa ukuba ukucandwa kwe-disctic nererve disc kufikelele.
Vula ii-angle angle glaucoma 3 degrees
Iinkqubo zeepathological kule nqanaba zithathwa njengokuba zikhoyo. I-glaucoma evulekileyo yesekondari, efunyenwe kweli nqanaba, ithathwa njengengozi kakhulu. Isalathiso esibonakalayo sanda. Kukho ukuhla okugxininise kwintsimi yombono kwicandelo elinye okanye ngaphezulu, ngaphezulu kwama-degrees ama-15. Ukucandwa kwidiski ye-optic nervous is aggravated. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwizigulane ezinezinga le-glaucoma yesithathu, kukho imboniselo yombhobho, apho ikhangeleka njengokuba ityhuthi encinci.
Vula ii-angle angle glaucoma 4 degrees
I-glaucoma efunyenwe yi-4 degrees - isigaba sokuphela kwesifo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu sele sele elahlekelwa yimpumelelo ngenye okanye zombini amehlo. Ezinye izigulane ziyakwazi ukubona kakuhle ngenxa yesiqithi "esincinane" sendawo ebonakalayo. Ukongezelela, kunokwenzeka ukugcina ukukhanya okukhanya, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwemisebe yokukhanya kuyinqununu. Ngethuba lokujonga i-fundus, i-atrophy ye-optic nerve isungulwa.
Vula i-angle glaucoma - iimpawu
Kwimigangatho yokuqala, iimpawu eziphambili zokuvula i-glaucoma azicacanga ukuba izigulana ezimbalwa zixhalabele kwaye ziphendukela kwi-ophthalmologist. Ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso ezibonakala rhoqo okanye ngezikhathi kufuneka ziqaphele:
- ukuvakalelwa kwintlungu emehlweni, ukuxhatshazwa, ukuqina;
- intlungu encinci kwindawo yokujikeleza;
- intlungu emehlweni ;
- ukulila ;
- ubomvu bamehlo;
- ukuphazamiseka kombono ngokuhlwa nobumnyama;
- ukubonakala kwe-halos ye-rainbow xa ukhangela umthombo wokukhanya;
- umbono obonakalayo, ukubonakala kwe "grid" phambi kwamehlo.
Vula i-angle glaucoma - ukuxilongwa
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxilongwa "kwe-glaucoma evulekile" kusekwe ngengozi ngexesha lokuhlolwa kweengcali, uviwo kwiofisi ye-optics. Inkqubo yokuxilonga, xa i-glaucoma evulekile, iquka ezo zifundo:
- ukulinganiswa koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweso lesibini (ngokukodwa ukuxilongwa kwimihla ngemihla, apho kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuguqulwa okukhulu kweenkcazo);
- ubukhulu be lensi yeso kunye nekamelo langaphambili;
- Uviwo lokwakheka kwe-fundus yeenguqu zeengxaki ze-pathological biomicroscopy;
- i-perimetry - inkcazo yokunciphisa imida yombono;
- ukuvavanywa kokutsala (ubuchule benkqubo yokujonga ukukhanda imibala ekhanyayo);
- i-gonioscopy - ukubonakaliswa kwe-angle evulekileyo yekamelo langaphambili lelihlo, inkcazo ye-pigmentation ephucukisiwe, ukwanda kwesantya kunye ne-sclerosis kwimeko ye-cornea scleral trabeculae,
Indlela yokuphatha i-glaucoma evulekile?
Ukususela kumzuzu apho i-glaucoma evulekile ifunyenwe, unyango kufuneka lwenziwa rhoqo. Akunakwenzeka ukuphilisa ngokupheleleyo iziko zombono, kodwa eso sifo sinokulawulwa, kwaye inkqubela yayo ingayeka. Utyando lwe-glaucoma evulekileyo lusekelwe kwiindlela zokuzimela kunye nokusebenza, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yobuthakathaka. Umsebenzi ogqithiseleyo wezokwelapha kulo mqathango kukuthintelwa okanye ukunciphisa umonakalo kwiimbono ze-optic. Oku kufuna:
- ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-intraocular;
- ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa i-hypoxia yamathambo esiso (ingakumbi i-disc optic);
- ubuyisele imetabolism ephazamisayo kwi-eyeball;
- ukulungisa izifo ezinxulumene nazo.
Kwimigangatho yokuqala, unyango olulondolozayo luhlala lusebenza, olubandakanya iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo nge-glaucoma evulekile, zombini kunye neenkqubo. Ukongezelela kubo, ngamanye amaxesha amasetti e-physiotherapy asetyenziswayo, phakathi kwazo-ukukhethwa kwe-electrostimulation yediski ye-optic. Ukuba olo unyango luphumelela kwiziphumo ezilungileyo, isiguli siyaqhubeka, ngokuphindwe kabini ngonyaka sihlolwe yi-ophthalmologist. Ukulungiswa kwonyango kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukuba kuphazamiseke ukuphazamiseka kweso.
Ukulungiselela unyango lwe-glaucoma evulekile
Njengonyango lwengingqi, amaconsi amacandelo asetyenziswa nge-glaucoma evulekile, emele isetyenziswe rhoqo, ngokukhawuleza ngexesha. Ezi zi yobisi zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza. Khawucinge ngamanzi amancinci angachazwa nge-glaucoma evulekile (uluhlu):
- ukunciphisa umveliso we-intraocular fluid :
- Proxodolol;
- Timolola;
- Arutimol;
- Dorzolamide hydrochloride;
- Betaxolol;
- I-Asopt;
- Trusopt;
- Brinzolamide;
- ukuphucula ukuphuma kwamanzi:
- Pilocarpine;
- Xalatan;
- Travatane;
- Armin;
- Tosmilen;
- Phosphacol;
- Latanoprost;
- ICarbachol;
- amaconsi amanyathelo ahlangeneyo:
- Kosopt;
- Fotil;
- Proxopheline;
- Azarga;
- Xalacom;
- Fotil forte.
Ukuba amaconsi asehlo alawulwa ngokwaneleyo uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwilwelo, kwongezelela ukuba igalelo lezenzo zenkqubo:
- Clopheline;
- Anaprilin;
- Proserin;
- Hypothiazide.
Ukongezelela, ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-nertic optic kunye nokukhusela iiseliti zesisigxina ezimiselweyo izidakamizwa zeesetyhula, i-antioxidants, iivithamini:
- ICavinton;
- Gliatilin;
- Milgamma.
Unyango olusandululwayo lwe-glaucoma evulekile
Kwiimeko ezinzima, unyango olusisigxina aluvelisi kakuhle, kwaye iindlela zokucwangcisa zicetyiswa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-intraocular. Kule meko, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lomsebenzi, umbono awukwazi ukuphuculwa kwaye upheliswe ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimeko apho i-glaucoma evulekileyo ye-4th degree ifunyaniswa ngayo, ukusebenza kungenakuncedo, kwaye ukuba umboniso ohleliyo uyagcinwa, kwaze kwakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwayo ngokupheleleyo.
Imisebenzi ikwahlula ngeentlobo ezimbini:
- I-Laser (i-argon kunye ne-trabeculoplasty ekhethiweyo, i-cycloablation, njl);
- ukutyunjwa kwendabuko (i-trabeculectomy, i-drainage system implantation, canaloplasty, njl.).