Ukufumana isivuno esihle kunye nesisityebi samavini kunyaka ozayo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza zonke iindlela ezifunekayo ze-agrotechnical, kubandakanywa izihlahla kunye nekhefu, ekuwa. Ukuprinwa kuya kukwandisa isivuno kunye nokuphucula intlaba yeejikijolo, kwaye indawo yokukhusela izakukhusela umdiliya.
Ukulungiselela amagilebhisi ebusika
Ekubeni iidiliya ziyizityalo ezingenako ukunyamezela amaqabunga aqinile kwaye ziyakwazi ukutshabalalisa kubo, kubalulekile ukuba zifudumale ebusika. Ukulungiselela umdiliya ubusika kwimisebenzi embalwa, kuquka:
- ukukhululwa komhlaba kunye nokunisela okufanelekileyo;
- ukusika izidiliya;
- chumisa nge zi chumisi;
- ukufudumala kwezityalo.
Ukutya kweediliya ekwindla
Xa uqokelele amagilebhisi, ukusika izikwindla kunye neendawo zokuhlala ebusika kufuneka kwenziwe emva kweminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokulungiselela. Ekupheleni kwexesha lokukhula okukhulayo kunye nokuvelisa, isityalo kufuneka sivuselele amandla asetyenziswayo namandla. Kukho inani leencomo, ngokubhekiselele kulo ukuba kuyinqweneleka ukwenza ukuchumisa kweediliya ekwindla:
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa ngasekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Yenzelwe ukukhawuleza ukuvuthwa komdiliya. Isebenzisa i-superphosphate netyuwa ye-potassium. Unokongeza le ngxube nge-boric acid, i-zinc sulphate kunye ne-manganese sulphate. Ukuba umhlaba kwisidiliya sinesihlabathi, kuya kuba luncedo ukongeza iodasi ye-potassium.
- Isondlo sesibini senziwa emva kwexesha lekwindla. Kubalulekile ukuzisa i-potassium kunye ne-phosphorus emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile ukuba zonke zokugqoka eziphezulu zihambelane nokutyiliswa okukhulu. Ukutyunjwa kwesidiliya kuthiwa i-vlagozaradkovym, kwaye uyichithe ngamatye. Ukuba umhlaba ushiyomile ubusika, iqhwa lingena kulo lize litshintshe kwaye lenze iinyembezi kunye nokufa kwenxalenye yengcambu. Ukungabikho kwemvula - ekwindla yemvula ngokudibanisa nomhlaba okhulayo kwindawo yokutyala. Kule meko, ukuthambisa kungancitshiswa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamagilebhisi ekwindla kwizifo kunye neentlanzi
Ukulondoloza impilo yemveliso yeberry, ekwindla kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza unyango lwezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane. Ukwenza oku, qalisa ukuhlola ngokubonakalayo komdiliya kwaye ushiye isikhumba - isifo esiqhelekileyo sesidiya. Ukuba izilonda zifunyenwe, susa amaqabunga kunye nezihluma kunye nokuphatha isidiliya ngenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- "Amistar";
- EStrobi;
- Kuproksat;
- "Efal";
- "Folp".
Mhlawumbi, kuya kufuneka usebenze iidiliya ekwindla ekunqothulweni yi-oidium. Kule meko, kufuneka usebenzise ama-sulfuric amalungiselelo:
- "Mikal";
- Fundazol;
- "I-Topaz";
- "Vectra";
- Impact.
Iziyobisi ezifanayo zisetyenziswa njengeprophylaxis kwaye zilwa ne-fomopsis kunye ne-anthracnose. Ukukhusela i-cercosporosis isebenza ngokuthi "Fundazol" kunye ne "Polychrome". Ngenkathazo enjalo njenge-greenberry leafworm, i-infusions ifakwe kwisiseko socuba, i-chamomile, okanye i-Rovikurt "eyenziwe ngokulungelelanisa. Zonke izibonelelo zonyango zibalulekile ukuvelisa kwimozulu eyomileyo nongenamoya kwaye isebenzise izixhobo zokukhusela.
Indlela yokunqunqa kakuhle amagilebhisi ekuwa?
Ukuprintwa kunceda ukwenza iintlobo zeediliya, kungavumeli ukuba zikhule zixakeke, oko kwenza kube nzima ukuvuna nokunyamekela isityalo. Ukongezelela, akongezeli kuphela isivuno, kodwa nobuninzi beediliya ngokwabo. Kwiivolomali zamagilebhisi, ukusika izilwanyana kuyimfuneko, njengoko kukunceda ukuyikhusela ngokukhawuleza ubusika ukukhusela kwiqhwa. Ngentwasahlobo ukwenzela ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi atyunwe kulula kakhulu, kwaye ngekwindla amajikijolo athile avuthwa kuwo. Nantsi imbono yokugqibela yendlela yokunciphisa iidiliya ngexesha lokuwa - iskimu. Ngeenkcukacha ezingakumbi, siza kubuya kuyo kamva kamva.
Imiqathango yokutyala iidiliya kwindla
Okokuqala, ukusika izihlahla ngexesha elifanelekileyo kubalulekile. Ukwazi ixesha lokusika iidiliya ekuwa, awuyi kukulimaza isivini sakho kwaye wenze okulungileyo. Ngoko, velisa izicathulo kwizigaba ezimbini:
- Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvuna. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba zonke iimbumba ziqokelelwe, amasebe ahlambulukileyo ahlambulukileyo, amaqonga ajikelezayo, okuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwehlathi, kunye neziqhagamshelo ezivunyiwe.
- Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kwamagqabi awela. Olu tyala luyisiseko. Ngalesi sikhathi, inxalenye ye-carbohydrate inexesha lokuya kwiingcambu kunye nezinye iindawo ezingapheliyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ubushushu bomoya abukho ngaphantsi -3 ° C.
Unganquma njani amagilebusi ebusika?
Akukho zixazululo zokulungisa iidiliya ezincinci ebusika; umnyaka wonyaka ususa amahlumela angaphezu kwawo kwaye uvelise isiqithi, ukushiya ama-3-8 amakhanda ekhula ngekona ukusuka emhlabathini. Baya kunika isivuno. Enye into yimihlathi engapheliyo, ingakumbi ukuba ayikaze ikhwekwe ngaphambili. Izityalo ezinjalo zidinga umsebenzi osebenza nzima, kodwa nakwiimeko ezininzi ezingakunyanzelwanga ngokucwangcisa okufanelekileyo, unako ukuphumeza umyalelo kunye nokwandisa isivuno.
Ixesha lokuba ubuyele kumzobo ongentla. Yiyo ndlela ukucima iidiya kufuneka kwenziwe kwindla engaphambi kokuhlaselwa ebusika:
- Ngeentsuku zokuqala zikaSeptemba, kuyimfuneko ukususa onke amahlumela aneminyaka eli-1 ubudala kwiimikhono zangasese ezingapheliyo, eziphantsi kwetreya yokuqala, isetyenziswe kwisiqingatha semitha ukusuka emhlabathini.
- Ngamahlumela akhulileyo kwimikhono engaphezulu kwecandelo le-2 (30 cm ngaphantsi kwezantsi), kubalulekile ukunqumla u-10% ubude bompompo kwaye unqume amanqwanqwa.
- Phakathi ko-Oktobha (emva kokuba iqabunga liwa), khetha ezi zimbini eziphambili kunye neziqinileyo ezinokuphakama kweentambo ezimbini zokuqala. Ukudubula okuphantsi, okukhulile ukusuka kwindawo yangaphandle yesandla, kufuneka kunqunywe, kushiye amehlo 3-4 kuyo. Ngale ndlela uza kuyifaka i-soft replacement knot.
- Ubaleke, uhlala ngaphesheya kwaye uphezulu, kubalulekile ukunqunyulwa, ushiye kuwo amehlo ama-5-12. Kuya kuba sisiqhamo sakho.
Ungazifihla njani iidiliya ngexesha lobusika?
Izidiliya ezininzi ezingenazo indawo zokukhusela ziyabhujiswa ngenxa yokutshintsha kwebusika. Eyona nto ibhubhisa kakhulu kubanda kakhulu kwizityalo ezincinci. Ngako oko, kufuneka ukwazi indlela yokulungiselela iidiliya zonyaka zasekupheleni. Kuye, indlela yokukhusela, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hilling, ifanelekile. Le ndlela ayisebenziyo kwaye ayinayo imali kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njengesiqhamo somdiliya ekwindla yabaqalayo. Kufuneka ugcwalise phantsi kwamahlumela ngobuncwane bomhlaba kwifomu yeslayidi ukuya kuma-25 cm ukuphakama.
Nangona kunjalo, uya kukhusela kuphela iingcambu zeediliya, kwaye i-buds izityalo ziya kuhlala ngaphandle kwaye ayikwazi ukumelana neqabunga elinzima. Ngako oko, kunyanzeliswa ukuba kudibaniswe ukufihla iidiliya kunye nenye yezixhobo zokugubungela. Leyo ndawo yokukhusela kuthiwa iphelele kwaye yinto enokukhetha ukuba ungumhlali weqela eliphakathi. Ngokungafani nesiqingatha-hood, okubandakanya ukukhuselwa kuphela kwintsika yesithsaba seidiliya, indawo yokuhlala epheleleyo iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesiqithi sonke.
Nini ukugubungela iidiliya?
Kucetyiswa ukuba uqale umsebenzi kwindawo yokukhusela ngaphandle kokuqala kweqabunga lokuqala. Xa kungakhuselekanga umdiliya uya kumela iintsuku ezili-10 kwiqondo lokushisa -5 ... -8 ° C, liya kudlula uhlobo olunzima lokuba luhlaza. Umdiliya onjalo oqiniweyo uthathwa njengento evuthiweyo, iya kugcinwa kakuhle kuze kube yintsasa. Ukuba ugubungela iidiliya kwangaphambili, ingaqhekeka, kwaye ukuqala kweqabunga kuya kukuchaphazela kakhulu. Ixesha elithile apho ukugubungela iidiliya ebusika kuya kuxhomekeka kummandla ohlala kuyo. Ngokomyinge, ixesha lokukhusela liza kwishumi elinesibini ka-Oktobha.
Kunokuba zifihle amagilebusi ebusika?
Zininzi iindlela ongakhetha kuzo ukufihla iidiliya ngexesha lobusika:
- i-spruce lapnics;
- utshani;
- ngcongolo;
- agrovolokno;
- ifilimu.
Amagilebhisi kwiindawo zabo azikho nje ama-berries amnandi, ayenziwa ngabantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Le yindlela enhle yokuvuselela i-landscape, yenze isitifiketi sendawo yokulima engadini yakho. Ukukhula kwesi sityalo esixabisekileyo akunzima, ukuba ulandele zonke iingcebiso kwaye ugcine ubuchwephesha, ingongoma ebaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseleleni isidiliya ebusika.