Ukutshiswa komzwelo kuyindlela yokukhusela kwengqondo eyenzekayo xa uxinzelelo lude kubunzima bezinto ezixinzelelekileyo ezibandakanya uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. Ingcali yoluphi uphando luphantsi kwesi sifo.
Ukutshiswa komzwelo kwengqondo
Ingqungquthela yokutshatyalaliswa ngokomzwelo (i-English burnout syndrome) yachazwa okokuqala ngu-American psychiatrist G. Freidenberg. Oku kwandiswe kancinci kwimeko yokuphelelwa yintlungu, okukhokelela ekuziphatheni komntu ngokwahlukeneyo, ukuya ekuchaseni kakhulu kwiinkqubo zengqondo kunye nezifo ze-psychosomatic. Abantu abanokutshatyalaliswa kwengqondo abaqhubela phambili abanandaba nomsebenzi wabo kunye nabaxhasi babo.
Iimbangela zokutshiswa komsindo
Ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokomzwelo kusekelwe ekupheliseni izinto ezikhokelela kwimeko. Izizathu ezibangela ukutshiswa komzwelo:
- Unxibelelwano olunzulu, ukusebenzisana nabantu abaneenkalo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo, wonke umntu kufuneka akwazi ukulungelelanisa kwaye angayi kuxabana;
- umsebenzi obandakanya uxanduva olukhulu (umkhosi, oogqirha), xa umqeshwa unyanzelekile ukuba enze izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi kunye nokuphila kwabanye kuxhomekeke kule nto;
- ukuzithiba okunzima xa umsebenzi uhambelana noluntu;
- isingqisho esheshayo sesimo sokuhlala kunye nezinto ezininzi zokuxinezeleka.
Iimpawu zokutshatyalaliswa ngokomzwelo
I-symptomatology ye-syndrome ekuqaleni ayibonakaliyo kwiimeko ezinjengokukhathala ngenxa yongcinezelo, kufana ne-neurosis and depression. Izimpawu zokutshiswa komsindo:
- ukukhathala;
- ubuthathaka ngokubanzi emzimbeni;
- rhoqo i-migraines kunye nesisu;
- ngeengxaki zentlungu;
- iingxaki ngobunzima (ubunzima okanye iinkqubo ezinobunzima);
- ukukhulelwa komzimba kunye nezifo zokuphefumula rhoqo;
- iingxaki zokulala (ukulala okanye ukulala);
- ukunyaniseka okuqhubekayo;
- ukuphepha emsebenzini.
Amanyathelo okutshiswa komsindo
Ukutshiswa komzwelo kuqala ngokungaqondakali kwaye kubonwa njengokhathala nje. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ezichaza izigaba zokutshiswa komsindo. Isazi sengqondo seJenjit Greenberg sachaza iintlobo zokutshiswa komsindo kwiinqanaba ezi-5:
- "I-Honeymoon" - 1 isigaba. Iingcali zinelisekile ngomsebenzi wakhe, zijongene nemithwalo yangoku, ukunqoba iingcinezelo, kodwa ukuhamba, rhoqo kunye nenkxalabo elandelayo yokuxinzelela, ukungazinzi kuqala ukuvela.
- "Ukungabikho kwamafutha" - Isigaba 2. Kukho iingxaki zokulala. Ukungabi nokhuthazo kunye nokukhuthazwa, ukukhuthazwa kwabaphathi kubangele iingcinga malunga nokungabi namsebenzi, ukuveliswa kwemveliso kunciphisa, ukunganakwa "ukuxhamla". Inzala kumsebenzi kule ntlangano ilahlekile. Ukuba i-motivation (ngokomzekelo, kukhupha isitifiketi esihloniphekileyo), umqeshwa uyaqhubeka nokusebenza kanzima, kodwa ngexabiso lempilo.
- "Izimpawu ezingapheliyo" - isigaba sesithathu. I-Workaholism ikhokelela ekudinikeni, ukudinwa kwezinto ezinokukhathazeka. Kuhamba kunye nokucaphukisa, umsindo okanye ukudandatheka kunye nokuqonda kokungena kwexesha.
- "Ingxaki" yinqanaba lesine. Kukhona ukwaneliseka okwandayo kunye naye njengengcali, izifo ze-psychosomatic zenziwe, amandla osebenzayo aphantsi, imeko yezempilo ehluphekileyo.
- "Ukubetha udonga" - isigaba 5. Izifo zihlala zingapheliyo kunye nezigwenxa ezinobungozi ebomini (i-myocardial infarction, imivimbo). Ingozi yomsebenzi.
Isifo sokutshiswa komzwelo
Ukutshatyalaliswa komoya ngokomzimba - ayikho into ekhethekileyo apho le nto ingazange ivele khona, umsebenzi ozithandayo ngezinye izikhathi udala ukunganakwa, ukungafuni ukuya kuwo kunye nengqiqo enkulu yokunganakunceda. Ixesha elidlulileyo lidlulayo ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-syndrome kwaye akukho nto ithatha uxanduva lomntu kunye nomnqweno wokwenza okuthile malunga nalo - unamandla ngakumbi kwiinkcukacha zobuqu kunye nomntu.
Ukutshiswa komoya kwabafundisi
I-Syndrome yokutshatyalaliswa ngokomzwelo kootitshala kubangelwa imithwalo eyongeziweyo kunye noxanduva lomfundi ngamnye. Kwinqanaba ngalinye kukho "nzima" abantwana, okufuneka kukho indlela ekhethekileyo kwaye oku akuqinisekisiyo malunga nokuvela kweengxabano. Ukutshiswa komoya kwabafundisi kubangelwa ezinye izizathu:
- imithwalo ephezulu yengqondo yemihla ngemihla;
- ukungalingani phakathi kweendleko zengqondo kunye nembuyekezo;
- Imiba yokuxininisa xa uxhulumana nabazali;
- iingxabano kwiqela.
Ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kwesifo sengqondo kumsebenzi wootitshala:
- uzixabise njengengcali ephakamileyo;
- ukuba bakwazi ukubona ukubaluleka kwimibango evelayo: yintoni na, yintoni ebalulekileyo evele ngexesha lempikiswano;
- ukubonakalisa imeko yombuso.
Ukutshiswa komzwelo oogqirha
Ukutshiswa komzwelo kubasebenzi bezonyango kunokuba yingozi kwizigulane - kunciphisa ubunzima kwizenzo zabo ngexesha leenkqubo kunye nokunyanzeliswa, ukunyaniseka, ukulahlekelwa imfesane ngenxa yesigulane, njengomntu, kwaye kungekhona "kwizinto eziphathekayo" kubangela ukunganakwa kunye neephene, okukhokelela ekufeni isigulane. Ukutshiswa komzwelo emsebenzini kumgqirha kuyisityhaphalo esibangelisayo ukuba kubalulekile ukuhlaziya isimo sakho sengqondo kwaye ukuba kukho iziganeko ezixhalabisa ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela.
Ukutshiswa komzwelo kumama
Ukukhuliswa komntwana ngumsebenzi omkhulu ngokomoya nangokwenyama kunye noxanduva olukhulu. Ukutshiswa komoya kumama ekuphumeni kwekhefu yinto eqhelekileyo, kwenzeka ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukunyaniseka komntwana "kungekhona umzuzu wokuphumla" - akukho xesha lokuphumla;
- ukulungiswa komntwana kunye nemisebenzi yasemakhaya kudala ingcamango engqumbo, "usuku lokuhlalisa";
- umntwana uhlala egula kwaye engapheliyo kuhambo oogqirha banzima gqitha;
- ukungabi ncedi kunye nenkxaso kubantu abasondeleyo;
- umnqweno wokwenza okungangoko kunokwenzeka kwimicimbi yasekhaya, ngaphezu kwezo zinto ezixhomekeke ngqo kwiintsana.
Yintoni enokuyenza:
- ukusabalalisa ngokuhlwa ngamacala ahlobene nentsapho kubaluleke kakhulu;
- qalisa ukulala ngaphezulu, izinto ziya kulinda;
- ukwabela ixesha eli-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ngeveki ngokwakho: iinkqubo ze-cosmetology, ukuhlambalalisa, ukuvakashela iklabhu yempilo - shiya umntwana kumzali okanye ngabazali;
- ukulandelela isimo sabo sengqondo kwaye "kungabinqanda" iimvakalelo, kwaye uqale ukubonisa.
Ukuxilongwa nokukhusela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokomzwelo
Amanyathelo okuthintela kunye nokuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kokutshatyalaliswa ngokomzwelo kunceda ukulandelelanisa ngexesha elilinganayo le-psychoemotional balance and taking steps to prevent or alleviate the condition. Ukuzixilonga kungenziwa ngokunceda imibuzo emele iphendulwe ngokunyanisekileyo:
- Ngaba ndiyathanda lo msebenzi;
- Ndiyabona apha kwiminyaka eyi-1,2,3 (kwindawo efanayo okanye ngaphezulu);
- Ndiyilwela ntoni?
- Yintoni ebalulekileyo kum msebenzi wam?
- Iyintoni inzuzo yalo msebenzi?
- Ngaba ndifuna ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi kulo msebenzi;
- Yintoni eya kutshintsha xa ndishiya lo msebenzi?
Izindlela zokuthintela ukutshiswa komoya
Inyaniso eyaziwayo elula ukuba kulula ukukhusela kunokuba uphathwe, ngoko ukuthintela ukutshiswa komsindo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba akukho nangoko ukutyelela isazi sezengqondo kwikusasa elikufutshane, kufuneka siqale senze ngokwethu. Ukutshiswa kwengqondo kwengqondo kunokuthintelwa okanye ukulibaziseka ngexesha, ukugcina imithetho elula:
- intlangano echanekileyo yolawulo lokuphumla komsebenzi, umthwalo kufuneka ube ngokwaneleyo;
- Musa ukuthatha umsebenzi ekhaya, konke kufuneka kwenziwe kwindawo yokusebenzela;
- sebenzisa amaxesha amaninzi ngeveki, kwaziwa ukuba ukunyusa umzimba kukhulisa ukuveliswa kwamahomoni okonwabileyo kunye nesibonakaliso (i-serotonin, i-dopamine);
- ubuncinane amaxesha amabini ngonyaka ukutshintsha imeko, ukuhamba (unokuhlala ufumana iindlela zokuhamba ngebhajethi);
- Ubuthongo obupheleleyo ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso emsebenzini, ukungabi naso ubuthongo obunzima kubangela ukunganeliseki ngobomi kunye nokukhathala okungapheliyo;
- Ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa i-caffeine emsebenzini nasemakhaya, ukuyeka i-cigarettes;
- kuthatha uxanduva kuphela ngomsebenzi wabo, kwaye bangangeni kwisithuba sabasebenzi kwaye bancede bonke "abaswele" - baphume umda kwaye banako ukuthi "hayi";
- ukhethe umdlalo, umdlalo - ukukhutshwa okugqithiseleyo kwengqondo, utshintsho lwezinto ezibonakalayo;
- ukuba umsebenzi awuyi kuvuyisa, qinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo kule nto kwaye uqale ukuthatha amanyathelo ekusebenzeni komphupha wakho.
Ukutshiswa komzwelo - njani ukulwa?
Ukutshiswa komzwelo - indlela yokunyanga nokunyanga ngokupheleleyo? Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le syndrome ayithathwa njengesifo, inokuthi ibangelwa yimeko ye-psychophysiological ebonakaliswe yimpawu zendlela yokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-neurosis-like and state depression kakade kwimeko xa ukutshatyalaliswa kwengqondo (ingqondo) sele iqhubekile. Ekubonakalweni kokuqala, ungasebenzisa ezi ngcebiso ezilandelayo:
- ukuqonda iindlela zokuzilawula kunye nokucamngca;
- uviwo lwezobugqirha ngenxa yobukho bezifo ezifihlakeleyo ezingapheliyo ezinokutshintsha imeko yengqondo, zitshitshise ukunganakwa kunye nokungabi namandla (umzekelo, izifo ze-thyroid zichaphazela kakhulu ithoni ye-psychophysical);
- ukuya kwinqanaba kunye neengcali zengqondo okanye uqale ukutyelela amaqela e-psychoanalytic, apho iimeko kunye neendlela zokusombulula ingxaki zihlaziywa ngokubanzi;
- ukuqonda umsebenzi omtsha (kunokwenzeka kwintsimi ehambelana nayo).
Ukutshiswa komzwelo - unyango
Indlela yokujamelana nokutshiswa komzwelo xa iimpawu zokukhusela azizange zancede kwaye ukuvakalelwa kwento engenakunyuka kwanda nje? Musa ukotyelela ukutyelela isifo sengqondo ukuba ubeke imithi efanelekileyo. Ukudinwa kweeurotransmitters ezifana ne-dopamine, i-serotonin iya kuphazamisa imeko kuphela, kwaye ikhulise iimpawu zesifo sokutshatyalaliswa ngokomzimba. Ugqirha umisela umntu unyango ngamachiza:
- nootropic;
- zoxolo;
- ehleliyo;
- ukuxhatshazwa;
- anxiolytics.