Ezinye izinto kwimeko yendalo zinempembelelo embi emzimbeni ngenxa yokwanda kobubele kubo kwi-immune system. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphendulwa kwemizimba, kuphazamiseka yimveliso yamanqindi ahlukeneyo (i-immunoglobulins E) ekungeneni kwe-stimuli kwigazi, i-lymph kunye ne-digestive tract.
Iintlobo zeempendulo ezithintekayo
Ekubeni, iindidi ezi-4 ezichazwe kwi-pathology ziyahluka.
Iklasi yokuqala ibandakanya i-anaphylactic i-reactionergic reaction of type. Ziyakhula ngokukhawuleza, zingakapheli imizuzu embalwa okanye iiyure emva kokudibanisa neembamamine.
Isifo sale nkalo sibonakaliswe ukwanda kwendlela yokuguguleka nokwandiswa kweendonga zeemithwalo yegazi, ukunciphisa izicubu ezinomzimba. Oku kubonakaliswa kwezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- urticaria;
- tshutshisa i-anaphylactic;
- ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma ye-bronchial (atopic);
- iipasms;
- ukutya okuyiyo;
- i-vasomotor rhinitis;
- ukuvuvukala kweembrane ezinobumba;
- ukwabiwa kwenani elikhulu le-muscus ekhangelekile phezu kwe-bronchioles.
Kwakhona, iimpendulo ezinzima zibangelwa ukukhwehlela okunzima, ukuphalaza kunye nokukhala.
Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo lubizwa ngokuba yi-cytotoxic (i-cytolytic). Kucatshulwa ngokukhululwa kwama-immunoglobulins kungekhona kuphela kohlobo lwe-E, kodwa kunye no-G no-M. Ukubonakaliswa kwemibonakalo yeklinikhi kubonwa malunga neeyure ezingama-6 emva kokuchasana nesistim, kuhambisane nokufa kwama-antigen kumzimba womntu kunye nokunciphisa imisebenzi yabo yokukhusela.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusabela okunjalo kuyingozi kwizidakamizwa kunye nezifo ezithile:
- Ulwaphulo lweRhesus;
- isifo se-hemolytic;
- thrombocytopenia ;
- i-hemolytic anemia.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu hlobo lweentsholongwane luchaphazela iintsana kunye neentsana ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6, kodwa kubakho nabantu abadala.
Ezinye iintlobo zempendulo ezichasene nazo zihambelana nokulibaziseka iinkqubo ze-hypersensitivity. Zidibaniswa nokungena kwiindawo ezivuthayo ezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ze-leukocyte ezithatha indawo yeethambo ezinobungozi kunye namafayili asebenzayo.
Ukuphendulela okuvakalayo kohlobo lokulibazisa
Iklasi yesithathu yesifo nayo ibangelwa yimveliso ye-immunoglobulins E, G kunye noM.
Ukubonakala kweempawu kuvela kwiiyure ezingama-7 ukuya kwe-12 emva kokuqhagamshelana nomntu onomsindo ovela ngaphandle. Iqela leempawu libizwa ngokuba yi-reaction of immune complexes okanye iArthus.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungabikho komzimba ziqhelekileyo kwezi zifo zilandelayo:
- i-rheumatoid arthritis;
- dermatitis;
- lupus erythematosus ;
- i-conjunctivitis;
- i-immunocomplex glomerulonephritis;
- isifo se-serum.
Uhlobo lokugqibela lweempendulo eziqhekezayo lubizwa ngokuba yi-hypersensitivity yexesha elide, njengoko likhula ngamahora angama-25-72 emva kokudibanisa ne-histamines.
Ukuqwalasela iimpawu:
- umonakalo kwesikhumba;
- iinkqubo ezivuthayo kwiimpawu zesisu esiswini;
- ukunqotshwa kwendlela yokuphefumula.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iimpawu ezinjalo ziyimpawu kwinkqubo yokulahla ukutshintshwa emva kokutshintshwa.
Uncedo lokuqala lokuphendula
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba ungabandakanyi nayiphi na inxibelelwano enokubakho. Ngokuphuhliswa kwendlela yokuphefumula kunye nokuvinjelwa kokungena kwomoya, isichengululo se-antiallergic (intramuscular okanye intravenous) kufuneka senziwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukunyanga okunyanga kuncike kwizinto ezibangele iimpawu, kunye nobuqili bemiboniso yekliniki. Ukuthatha i-antihistamine kufuneka ilandelwe kude kube yimiqondiso ye-allergies.