Ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo utamatisi kwindawo evulekileyo - into elula yendawo yokulima. Utamatisi kulula ukukhula kunye nesityalo esithela isivuno esincinci phantse nawuphi na unyaka, kodwa umphathi wegadi uqinisekisiwe ukuba azenzele umgangatho ophezulu kunye neziqhamo ezimnandi nakwixesha elibi kakhulu lemozulu.
Iintlobo zeTatato ezivulekileyo
Zonke iintlobo zale nkcubeko zingahle zihlulwe ngokwemiqathango eyahlukileyo - ngamandla okukhula, ngokukhula, ngobukhulu besiqhamo. Ukukhetha imbewu yeetamatato ukunyamekela nokukhula ngaphandle, kufuneka ukwazi kakuhle injongo enifuna ukuyivuna. Ukulondolozwa, utamatisi omncinci kunye noluninzi, olunokuthi lubekwe lula kwi-can, ngokufanelekileyo, kwi-salads, ukunambitha iimpawu ziphezulu kwoluhlu.
Iintlobo ezizimiselayo. Olu hlobo lufanelekile kubahlali behlobo, abakhetha ukunyamekela utamatisi kwindawo evulekile ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu kunye nokulungiswa kwe-trellis. Iibhasi ezimiselweyo zinomfanekiso ohambelanayo, zikhule ngokukhawuleza, iifom zokuqala zifake ngaphezu kwamaqabunga angama-6-8. Emva kokubunjwa kwe-inflorescences ezininzi, ukukhula kwisityalo kuyamiswa. Iingenelo zetamatato ezinqamlekileyo-ezantsi, kunye nokuvunwa kwexesha elihle kunye nokubuyiswa kobubele kweziqhamo. Ukungonakali kweentlobo - iintlobo eziphambene nomoya, zihlala zigula, ziphantsi kweetamatati ezide zivuno.
Iitamatati ezilungileyo zonyango lwangaphandle lwolu hlobo olunqununu:
- Oakwood,
- Isiqwenga,
- Alpha,
- Valentine,
- Ukuqhuma,
- Sanka,
- Volgogradsky 323,
- Bagheera F1,
- Linda F1,
- IRio Grande.
Iintlobo ezizimeleyo kunye nezixhobo. Ukunyamekela utamatisi kwindawo evulekile inokuqhutyelwa kwindawo encinci kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-trellises okanye izibonda, ukuhlwayela ende, imbewu evelisayo yesi sityalo. Le ndlela inceda ukufumana izivuno eziphezulu, ukususa iziqhamo ezisuka ehlathini kuze kube seqhweni, kuba ukungagqithwanga kubonisa ukukhula okungenamkhawulo kwamachoko. Iifesi zifaka i-fruiting emva kwexesha, zenze i-buds ingaphaya kwama-7 amaqabunga.
Izinzuzo zetamatato ezingapheliyo - umkhiqizo ovela ezihlahleni zihlandlo eziliqela ngaphezulu, inani leebhulashi lifikelela kuma-50, iitamatisi zimila ngokukhawuleza, zineziqhamo ezide zithwele. Iintsilelo zeentlobo ezide - isityalo sokuqala senziwa phantse kwinyanga enye emva kweefom ezinqabileyo, kwiindawo ezibandayo, ukunyamekela utamatisi kwindawo evulekile kunokubangela iingxaki ngenxa yehlobo elifutshane.
Iitamatayi ezingcono kakhulu:
- Intliziyo yenkomo,
- U kumkani unorinki,
- Mkhulukazi wegolide,
- Veja,
- De-Barao,
- Hybrid Tarasenko,
- Bogatyr Maslova,
- ICrimson Ozharovsky,
- Watermelon,
- Verlioq F1,
- I-mustang ebomvu.
Unokunyamekela njani utamatisi kwindawo evulekile?
Emva kokufumana imbewu yeetamatati, ukulima kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo kuqala ngokufumana izityalo eziphezulu. Emoyeni efudumeleyo, abantu bahlala bezama ukuhlwayela iitamatisi ngqo, balahlekelwa ixesha elixabisekileyo kunye nethuba lokufumana iimveliso zabo zangaphambili. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwisiqingatha sesibini sehlobo kukho izifo zesifo sefungal, ezingavumelekanga ukuba zithole utamatisi oluphezulu kuze kube sekupheleni kwexesha. Ukuba nezityalo ngexesha lokutshala uneminyaka yobudala ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-55, uya kukwazi ukukhuphisana neemarike kwaye uphephe iingxaki ezininzi.
Ukukhula izithombo zeetamatato zomhlaba ovulekile kunokuveliswa kwi-balcony okanye kwiloggia, kwifestile yefestile, kwintsimi yemifuno kwiindawo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izityalo, kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo. Ukunyamekela izithombo kwintsimi kulungele i-Ukraine, iNorth Caucasus, eMzantsi Russia. Lo msebenzi udinga ubushushu bemini ngaphandle kwefestile ye-15 ° C, ngaphandle kweqabunga elikhulu. Xa ukhula kwigumbi kufuneka wenze ukukhanya okulungileyo kwiimbewu, kukho ubunzima kunye nezityalo ezinokutshatyalaliswa, xa ufanele uziqhelise ngokukhawuleza ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
Ziziphi iqondo lokushisa iitamatati zimi kwindawo evulekile?
Ukwenza utamatisi, ungakulibali ukuba sisebenzisana nenkcubeko ephezulu ye-thermophilic. Ukunyamekela utamatisi kumaqondo aphantsi awanakucingwa, nokuba ukupholisa okude ixesha elide ukuya ku-1-3 ° C lokushisa kudala umonakalo kunye nokufa kwezityalo. Iintlobo ezininzi ezingapheliyo ziphila ngeqabunga zisuka kwi-3 ° C kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo xa kukho isimo sezulu esingenamoya. Iifom zezona zihamba kakuhle kwiqondo lokushisa kwe-22-25 ° C, iitamatisi zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa lomoya we-20-24 ° C.
Ukunyamekela utamatisi emva kokutyala
Ukucima izithombo, ukushisa kuncitshiswe kancane ukuya kwi-10-15 ° C, ngelixa libaleka kwilanga elivulekileyo. Izityalo ezintle zizityalo kunye neentyatyambo ezininzi zeentyantyambo. Ukuba imozulu ayizange ivumele ukuba izityalo zihlwayelwe ngexesha, izityalo ezandisiweyo zijonge kwiimingxuma kwi-3/4 yokuphakama kwesiqu, okukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu ezongezelelweyo. Ukunyamekela izityalo kwiitamatato kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuncwina, ukukhulula umhlaba, ukuqala kokubunjwa kwehlathi ngokususa amanqanaba angaphezulu.
Umhlaba onzima kufuneka uhlale ukhulula iiveki ezimbini zokuqala emva kokufika. Ukunyamekela itamatato kwindawo evulekile ayikwazi ukuyenza ngaphandle kokugquma, le ndlela ikhulisa isakhiwo seengcambu, igalelo ekuzaliseni umhlaba nge-oxygen. Ngethuba lokuqala sitshala izityalo iintsuku ezili-10 emva kokutyala, kwakhona - emva kweentsuku ezingama-20. Eyona mphumo engcono, ukuphakama kwentlupheko kulandelwa ukuthambisa okuninzi kwezihlahla.
Ukutshiza utamatisi kwindawo evulekile
Kwimibuzo yendlela yokunwabatha utamatisi kwindawo evulekile, ukubala inani lemithombo yezityalo ezifunekayo. Ixesha eliyingozi kakhulu - ixesha lokubeka kunye nokuthululela iziqhamo, ekushiseni kuncipha okanye kukhule kancinci. Indlela efanelekileyo - yokunkcenkceshela. Xa kungabikho kule nkqubo, sisebenzisa ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kwimifula, phantsi kwehlathi, ngaphandle kokucoca amaqabunga. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukufumana amanzi ngokuhlwa, ukulungiswa okulandelayo kutshabalalise i-crust.
Yintoni yokutya utamatisi kwindawo evulekile?
Iimveliso ziveliswa ubuncinane ezintathu ukuya kwezine ehlobo, kulungile ukwenza le nkqubo nganye iintsuku ezili-14 ngexesha lokukhula. Utamatisi ngokugqoka okuphezulu kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo ngokuthobela imithetho yefama ukuvelisa isivuno esiphezulu kunye nokugula okungaphantsi. Imihla yeziganeko zidibaniswe nexesha elikhethekileyo lokuphuhliswa kweentlobo, ukunceda ukuvuselela izimbali okanye ukukhula kweziqhamo. Ukutshiza umququzelelo olusisinkqenkqiso senziwe ngokukwenziwa ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi (i-Ideal, i-Growth-Concentrate kunye nabanye) okanye ukunyuswa kweentsuku ezi-3 kweentaka zeentaka kwi-concentration ye-1:15.
Xa ukugqoka okuphezulu kweetamatato kwenziwa:
- Ngethuba lokuqala sondla - iintsuku ezingama-20 emva kokutyala izityalo kwiindawo ezivulekileyo.
- Isondlo sesibini sinokuqala kokuvulwa kwemali.
- Isicelo sesithathu sezondlo - ngokuchithwa kwebrashi yesithathu.
- Isondlo sesine emva kweentsuku eziyi-14.
Unokunyamekela njani utamatisi onqabileyo?
Utamatisi ophezulu ongenakufuna ukubunjwa kobugcisa, kwaye iintlobo ezinqununu kuninzi ziphantsi kwe- pasynkovaniyu . Ngokunyamekela kakuhle utamatisi kwindawo evulekile, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisetyenzisiweyo. Icala lokuqala lilo lwakhiwo kwesinye isiqalo phambi kokuphela kokukhula kokukhula. Ikhetho lesibini - shiya enye okanye ibini lezinyathelo, ezenza i-brush eyodwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwiphuzu eliphambili, ama-inflorescences ama-5 ayafakwa, kwaye ke iyahlulwa, iqhubeke iqulunqa isiqhumane ngoncedo lomqhubi okhulayo ovela kwiphepha eliphezulu lompu.
Ukunyamekela utamatisi omude
Ukongezelela ukuhlanganisa iziqu, ukunyamekela utamatisi kubandakanya ukubunjwa kwesityalo. Kwiintlobo ezide ukuya kutsho kwiimitha ezi-2 kunye nokunye, ukuphuhliswa kwesitshixo esisodwa kufanelekile, xa zonke izihluma zenzeke. Xa wenza amahlumela amabini, i-stepon's stepon and shoot, eyakhiwe phantsi kwesibhulashi sokuqala kunye ne-buds, ishiywe. Kule meko, ukuya kwi-4 i-inflorescences ishiywe kwisigxina esiphezulu, kwicala elisecaleni le-3. Xa senza amahlumela amathathu, sifumana isiqithi esinamandla esenza isiqalo esisisiseko kunye nabantwana abancinane ababengaphantsi. Kwimihluma eyongezelelweyo sishiya kwi-brushes e-2, kwii-inflorescences ezi-3.
I-Pasynkovanie itamatato kwindawo evulekile
Ukunyamekela utamatisi, i-pasynaking yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu, amahlumela angafunekiyo athathaka isityalo, athathe amajusi ngokwawo, obangela ukubonakala kwezityalo ezincinci ezingaqhelekanga. Zama ukukhupha ngaphandle kweqhosha ngamandla, kodwa ukuwaphula ngeminwe yakho, ukuwacotha ngokucokisekileyo. Sinqumla amahlumela amaninzi ngommese okanye umtya. Inkqubo yenzeka ekuseni, ngenxa yosuku oluthileyo. Izityalo eziphilileyo zinyathelo lokuqala, iibhasi ezingathandabuzekiyo zilahla okanye i-pasynkovanie kubo ngolunye usuku.
Ukunakekelwa ngetamatati
Eli qela leetamatato liquka iintlobo ezisezantsi zokukhula kunye nezilwanyana ezinexesha elivakalayo lokuvuthwa kweentsuku ezingama-95, kuquka iDubok, Gnome, Nevsky, Snowdrop, Miracle yaseSiberia, Watercolor, Nkosi, Vityaz. Kwishishini, indlela yokunyamekela utamatisi weentlobo ezingafaniyo, akukho ziqhinga. Izithelo kubo zivuthwe ngokupheleleyo kwiindleko ezinqabileyo, kwaye isityalo esincinci ngokwazo sisigxina kwaye ayifuni i-garter. Iindlela eziphambili zeteknoloji yezolimo kulezi zityalo kwintsimi ziyonyango lwezifo, ukukhupha, ukuthambisa, ukukhululeka komhlaba.
Garter itamatato kwindawo evulekile
Ukuze i-garter, i-twine kunye ne-synthetic fabric cut cut into strips, i-suspension yeedilesi, ifanelekile. Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa umgca wokuloba okanye umnxeba omncinci. Ukutyala iintlobo zeetamatato ezinde kwintsimi, cwangcisa indlela yokunyamekela amahlathi ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Amaphegi afanelekileyo kwiibhasi eziphakathi, ukuphakama kwenkxaso enjalo kufuneka kudlule ukuphakama kwesityalo. Iitamatato ezide zidinga i-trellis okanye iigxathu 2-2.5 m ubude. Kwiibhedi ezisigxina zetamatato, abalimi bezityalo balwakha izakhiwo zensimbi kunye neenkuni ngendlela yesisele esomeleleyo okanye isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukunyamekela Utamatisi Otholileyo
Ukongeza, i-pollination iyadingeka kwi-greenhouse, kwindawo evulekileyo kunye nalo msebenzi ukujamelana nezinambuzane kunye nomoya, ngaphezu koko, utamatisi udume ngokuzimela. Unokukunceda amahlumela, ngokukhawuleza udibanise amahlumela ngokugqabhuka ngokugqithisileyo ngeentsuku ezi-3. Kwiitamatati emhlabathini, zikhona iimfihlelo zonyameko ezifanisa ukuhlanganiswa kweziqhamo. Ukwandisa isivuno sokutshiza izityalo kunye nezilungiselelo ezikhethekileyo ngexesha lokubunjwa kweebhothi, "i-Buton", "i-Ovary", i-succinic acid, i-accinic acid ehlukeneyo kunye ne-microelements zibonakalise kakuhle.
Izifo zetamatato kwindawo evulekile
Enye yeengozi ezisemngciphekweni ezisongela utamatisi ekunyamekelweni zizifo zentsholongwane ye-virus kunye nefungal. Utamatisi aphethwe yintlungu , ukubola, i-necrosis, i-alternaria, iinwele ezibukiweyo, i-patchiness, i-cracking of fruit, i-mosaic, nezinye iingxaki. Shintsha umbala wamagqabantshintshi, i-shrinkage yamashishini, ukubunjwa kwamabala - iimpawu zesifo sokuqala. Ekukhuselweni kweetamatato, indima ephambili idlalwe ngamanyango okukhusela. Zigcine ixesha lokulinda emva kokutshiza, ngexesha lokuvuthwa kweetamatato zisebenzisa iimveliso ze-biological.
Iindlela eziphambili zokulwa nezifo zefungal:
- Ngokukhawuleza,
- Ridomil,
- Umqobo,
- Iskrini,
- Phytosporin,
- Bordeaux umxube,
- I-copper chloride,
- UHorus,
- Zineb.