Ukunyamekela i-plum - ilungileyo isiluleko sokuvuna okuhle

I-plum inikeza iziqhamo ezinomsila ngesinambitha esimnandi. Ukuba unikezela ngononophelo lwekhwalithi ye-plum, kuya kumnandi iminyaka emininzi ukuvuna izivuno ezinamafutha asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwifomu elitsha, eqhotyoshelweyo, ekhatywayo ngendlela yeejisi, i-compotes, i-jelly, i-jam.

Imithetho yokutshala i-plums

Iplamu ye-Aromatic ngumthi, ufikelela ubude beemitha ezili-15., Ivelisa iziqhamo malunga neminyaka eyi-15. Uninzi lweengcambu zesityalo lusebunzulu be-20-40 cm, zibaluleke kakhulu. Iplamu enokuthi ingaba kwindawo eqaqambileyo, kuyo nayiphi na umhlaba, ngokukhethekileyo ikhululekile kwaye ikhule. Ithuba elifanelekileyo lokutsalwa kwayo kwintwasahlobo okanye ekwindla. Xa ukhetha indawo, kubalulekile ukuba imbewu ayifihliwe izityalo ezingumakhelwane. Ukuqothula okuthenjelwayo kwendawo yokutyala kunye nokunyamekela kufuneka kwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba isityalo asifi okanye asiyi kubala isithelo.

Imithetho yokutyala i-plums entwasahlobo

Kwiindawo ezithatyathwa ngumoya obandayo, ukutsalwa kweplum kwenziwa kwintwasahlobo ngo-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuba ivule iinjongo. Kuthatha ingcambu kumgama wamancinci amabini ukusuka emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba. Imigaqo yokutyala iplamu:

• ipaki yompompo ilungiselelwe ekwindla okanye entwasahlobo iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqothula;
• isithuba phakathi kweetyala kufanele sibe yi-3-5 m, ibalwa njengebakala-phantsi okanye phezulu;
• umda wokuhlawulela ukuba ipau ifuneka 80 cm ubude kunye no-70 cm ububanzi;
• i-dense bottom podpushivayut lomik enye i-20 cm phantsi;
• Iibhakethi ezimbini ze-peat kunye ne-humus zongezwa kumhlaba, iikomityi ze-nitrophos, i-200 g ye-lime-pushenki;
• Ngezantsi kwegodi, amaqanda ama-eggshell aphonswa, phakathi kwinqanaba lokutyala;
• Ukutsalwa kwiplamu kuyagcinwa kwintonga kwaye ifafazwe ngomhlaba ocebileyo;
• Ummandla wenguqu ukusuka kwingcambu ukuya kwisiqingatha kufuneka ube ngu-5 cm ngaphezu kwe-plane yomhlaba;
• ejikeleze itekisi ye-plum yakha umgodi ojikelezayo kwaye uvuselele ngokukhululekileyo;
• isangqa ngasemthini sihlanganiswe ne-sawdust.

Ukutshala i-Plum ekwindla

Ukuba umhlaba ubusika obumnene, kuvunyelwe ukutyala imithi ekwindla, emva kokuba ulungiselele isilwanyana kwangaphambili. I-plum ityalwe ngoSeptemba, ngaphambi kweqabunga. Isayithi elikhethiweyo kufuneka libe liphakanyisiwe kangangokuba ebusika uluhlu lwekhephu aluqokeleli malunga nomthi. Imithetho yokutyala ipulazi:

• Imbewu kufuneka ibe neengcambu ezinamandla ezinamandla ukuya kuma-25 cm ubude;
• Ubunzulu bokugquma kwe-plum - ubuncinane be-50 cm;
• umgodi ugalela iiveki ezimbini;
• Umhlaba ocebileyo ulungiselelwe ipowum powder, ixutywe ne-50 g yetyuwa ye-potassium, i-100 g ye-superphosphate, i-15 kg ye-humus ngomgodi;
• Imbewu isetyenziswe kwi-peg yangaphambili edumbwe, iingcambu zayo ziqondiswe;
• i-substrate iyancipha ngenyameko kwaye ithululelwe ngeebhakethi ezimbini zamanzi, ezigutywe nge-sawdust;
• phambi kobusika busika kuya kufuneka ukuba luninzi luninzi lwamaxesha angama-2-3;
• xa ukunyusa kwekwindla kubeka iliso ngokukhawuleza imvula, ukwenzela ukuba amanzi akwazi ukuma emhlabathini.

Ukuprintwa kunye nokwakhiwa kweeplums

Ukwandisa ukuvelisa komthi, ekwindla, ehlobo, ukucwilwa kwempuphu ye-plum kwenziwa. Uyakuthandana namagatsha atshabalalayo, okwenza umonakalo, ukwanda kwesithsaba, ukulahlekelwa kwimeko enokutsha okanye ukunciphisa isivuno. Iinkqubo zokuhlobisa isithsaba zenziwa ukususela ekuqalekeni komthi kwaye ziqhubeke ngokuqhubekayo ebomini bakhe.

Prune pruning emva kokutyala

Umthi ucebise ukuba uqale ukusika izilwanyana kummandla we-seedling, njengoko udala amahlumela amaninzi. Ukuncitshiswa kuncitshiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ama-squeletty branches kunye neentso ezinamandla. I-pruning yokuqala ye-plum xa ukutyala entwasahlobo kubanjwe ngoMatshi:

• I-trunk ihlambulukile ukusuka kumasebe ecaleni kumgama wama-40 cm ukusuka emhlabathini;
• Amahlumela asele aphezu kwesiqingatha;
• Umqhubi weziko lopau kufuneka ahlale mkhulu njengo-1.5 m.

Ukongezelela ehlobo, kwisiqingatha sesibini seJulayi esinye isilumkiso se-plum senziwe:

• unciphise onke amahlumela angama-20 cm, avela kwi-trunk;
• Umqhubi womphambili oyintloko akapheli;
• iinkqubo ngamacala, ezijoliswe phantsi, zimelelwe kwi-15 cm.

Yenza i-plum encinane

Le minyaka elandelayo ichaphazela kakhulu ukuyila kwemida yomthi. Kwi-specimen ye-fruiting, indawo esezantsi yamasebe eyenziwa, iqhutyelwe ekubunjweni komnxeba onobukhulu obunjwayele, ukulahlwa kwezihluma ezingenakulungiswa. Ukucwenga i-plum encane entwasahlobo kunye nokuvuswa kweentso kubandakanya ukunciphisa umgqomo wesigxina ngamabini kwisithathu. Ukunyamekela okunjalo akuyi kuvumela isityalo ukuba siphumelele ngokukhawuleza. Ehlotyeni ngoJulayi, iinqununu zamasebe angama-plum ukuya kwi-20 cm zihlanjululwe. Kule mihla elandelayo, onke amagatsha asele aphelile kwaye aphangwa.

Umqhubi wesikhungo unqunywe amabini kwisithathu ngamnye unyaka de ibe imbewu ifumana ubuninzi bebanga layo. Isithsaba kufuneka sibe nesimo sepiramidi esisisiseko sokusasazeka, ukunyamekela iplamu ngokucwangcisa ukulungiselela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwazo zonke izihluma ezingafanelekanga. Njengesikhokelo sokushiya amagatsha angama-5-6. Kufuneka zikhule ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nekota lokuthambekela malunga nama-degrees ama-50. Ukufezekisa umsebenzi owufunayo i-secator okanye i-hacksaw. Zonke iinqununu ziboshwe ngumyezo ukuze umthi ungaguli.

Ukunciphisa i-plum engenanto

Ukusebenza kunye nomthi wokucoca uyenziwa ukwenzela ukwandisa ixesha lokusebenza, ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubukhulu kunye nesinambulelo sesiqhamo. Ngenxa yesithsaba esithe xaxa, imithetho yokutyala i-plums ye-spring iquka:

• ukususwa kwawo onke amagatsha aphilileyo, agulayo, aphukileyo, kunye nalawo aqondiswa ngaphakathi kwi-trunk;
• Amagqabha e-plum ayakunqumla, amahlumela axubana kunye;
• ukuba isityalo sinobude obude, sifutshane nesithathu.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezicwenga

Ngokukhawuleza ukuba umthi wegadi ubonisa iimpawu zokubola kokukhula (ukucoca iziqhamo, ukhula lukhuphula kuphela u-10-15 cm ngonyaka), ukuhlaziywa kweziqhamo kwenziwa. Xa kususwe amagatsha asele, amagula, amadala kunye namagqabi, amahlumela amatsha awanakuchukumiswa. Iinqununu eziphambili zinqunywe kwimithi emithathu ubudala ukuya emine ubudala - amagatsha asisondweni asuswe kwi-skeleton endala. Oku kuvumela umthi ukuba uthele izithelo ngexesha elizukileyo. Ukuhlaziywa kwezilwanyana ze-plum endala ngabagadi begadi abanolwazi kulungiselelwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Zonke izilwanyana zisetyenziselwa igadi yegadi.

Endaweni yamasebe asekude, amahlumela amancinci aphuma. Ukuze ungalokothi ulayishe i-plum, ezi zibini ziqineleyo zihlala, ezinye ziyakususwa phakathi kwehlobo. Ukuhlaziya iziqhekeza kutyhulwa iminyaka engama-3-4 kwaye kwenziwa ngamanyathelo athile. Ukuba wenza yonke into ngexesha elilodwa, ipulumu endala ayikwazi ukuma ize iphele. Inkqubo eyenziwa ngokufanelekileyo iya kumnceda ukuba athele izithelo iminyaka emininzi.

Ukucoca i-plum ehlanganisiweyo

Izityalo zingakhula ngeendleko zezilwanyana ezincinci kwiingcambu zabo, okanye ngoncedo lwama graft abanjwe kwiindawo. Ngoko abalimi banokufuna ukuphindaphinda ama-specimens, udibaniso lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-plums. Kubalulekile ukuba isityalo senze umlo wesithsaba ngexesha lokuqala. Imithetho yokucwenga i-plum efakwe kwi-rootstock (ingcambu):

• Ukuba imbewu ayikho namasebe, xa ityala kuyo kwindawo esigxina, i-cut cut is made above the kidneys in a height of 60 cm ukusuka emhlabathini. Emva kokuba kubonakale ihluma ze-lateral, zinokuthi zibekwe ukufaka i-skeleton;
• Ukuba umthi unamagatsha, ukuba umgca ongezantsi ukhetha ezintathu izihluthulelo ezinamandla, zibekwe kuma-degree degrees, kwaye uziqheke kwisithathu. Umqhubi weziko uyanqunyulwa ukwenzela ukuba uhlale ngaphezu kwamasebe angama-25 cm.
• kwiminyaka elandelayo, ukucwangciswa kwenziwa ngendlela efana nokunyamekelwa kwezinye iiplums;
• kwimithi ehlanganisiweyo kunye nemveliso, izihlumelo zengcambu ziyasuswa ngokusisigxina kwisiseko somama, zingashiyi nhlobo. Ukwenza oku, cima umhlaba, susa umduli endaweni apho uhambe khona kwisitoko uze ugcwalise indawo yokusika.

Unokunyamekela njani iplamu?

Umxholo womthi onjalo unempawu ezichasayo kwezinye izityalo engadini. Ukunyamekela kunye nokulima:

1. Ukunisela. Esi sisityalo esinomtsalane kakhulu. Kufuneka ukuba ukhangele ngokukhawuleza imozulu kunye namanzi ipham kanye kanye ngeveki ngexesha lesomiso (5-6 amabhakethi kumzekelo omdala, 3-4 ukuya kwincinane). Isibonakaliso sokungabikho kobumswakama-ukuqhekeka kwesiqhamo, ubuninzi bamanzi isithsaba siphendula ngoqhelika lwamagqabi.
2. Ukunyamekelwa kwebusika kwiplamu. Kwixesha elibandayo kucetyiswa ukuba unyathele iqhwa elijikeleze itekisi, ukuyikhupha emagatsheni.
3. Ukunyamekela ingqungquthela yomgqomo. Akufanele kube ngaphantsi kwe-2 m,, kufuneka ihlale ikhululiwe kwaye ukhula lukhutshwe. Amahlumela ezisuka kwiingcambu ziyanciphisa isityalo - kufuneka sinqunywe amaxesha angama-4-5 ngexesha lasehlotyeni elichanekileyo kwisitokisi esiphezulu.
4. Ukuxhasa. Ngesivuno esiphezulu, umthwalo phezu kwamagatsha okuvuna ukhulu kakhulu - aqiniswa ngamaphegi, iimbogi eziphosiweyo kwindawo yokudibanisa ne-bark.

Ukunyamekela iplamu ngexesha lokutshiza

Izinambuzane zonakalisa izityalo, iindlela ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukulwa nazo. Ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo umthi ngokuphalaza:

• phambi kokuvulwa kwezihluma entwasahlobo, isithsaba sincinciwe ngokucetyiswa ngokulungiselela uNombolo 30 (500 g nge-10 ilitha amanzi). Oku kutshiza kuhambelana nezilonda, izilwanyana, iiflebhu, izibindi, izifo ezifayo zezifo;
• ngexesha leentyantyambo ezimhlophe, enye yezinambuzane ( Alatar , Aktara, Fufanon-nova) iphathwa. Ngoko iplamu ikhuselekile kwiimpethu ze-sawflies, izibungu, i-aphid, izilwanyana ezidliwa yiqabunga;
• Ehlotyeni i-sprays 3-4 yenziwa ngexesha leeveki ezimbini malunga ne-plum moth. Ukulungiselela: U-Fufanon-nova, uFitoverm + u-Abiga-peak, uHorus .

Ukunyamekela ukugqoka okuphezulu

Iminyaka yokuqala 2-3 emva kokutyala izityalo, kukho izondlo kwi-pit. Ngoxanduva olulandelayo lwe-plum ufuna ukufaka umquba, okhupha umhlaba okhululiwe ngaphambili:

1. Ekwindla: i-organic-infusion ye-mullein, i-slurry, ihlanjululwe ngamanzi amaxesha ama-3-5 okanye i-droppings ezili-10;
2. Gcina ekunyamekeleni kwentwasahlobo kunye nokugqoka okuphezulu okucwangcisiweyo ngamacandelo amaminerali:

• Isichumisi sokuqala sikhiqizwa phambi kokuqala kwezimbali ngo-Aprili-30 g. Urea uchitheka kwi-10 ilitha amanzi. Ngaphantsi kwesitya esisodwa iilitha ezingama-20 zetyuwa;
• NgoMeyi, emva kokuvuna - 40 g nitrophosks kunye ne-30 g urea ihlanjululwe kunye nebhekethi yamanzi. Iilitha ezingama-30 zezichumiso zithululwa phantsi kwequla;
• ehlobo emva kokuvuna - 30 g. i-potassium sulfate + 40 g. superphosphate kwibhakethi yamanzi. Elinye ilanga ludinga iilitha ezili-20 zomxube wezondlo.