Iingcambu ze-Orange zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekuphekeni kokubili kwifom eluhlaza, kunye nokwenza izandi kunye nezitya ezahlukeneyo. Isityebi kwiivithamini, i-carotene kwaye iyiluncedo kakhulu emzimbeni. Ukuhlakulwa kweeqathi yinkqubo elula, kodwa kukho imigaqo nemigaqo evumela ukuba uqokelele isivuno esihle.
Ukukhupha izaqathe kwindawo evulekile
Le mifuno isityalo esineminyaka emibili ubudala, ingcambu iyenziwa ngonyaka wokuqala wobomi. Xa utyala iinqathe, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba ukulima kunye nokukhathalela emhlabathini obala kuthetha oku kulandelayo:
- Ukuhlwayela izityalo zengcambu kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaApreli;
- ibhedi kufuneka ibekwe kwiplatifomu elangeni, emthunzini isityalo sesityalo siya kukhula kwaye asiyi kuvuna isivuno esikhulu;
- ukufumana iidroti ezithambileyo, ihlwayelwa emhlabathini, ingabi mnandi kakhulu;
- Ukutyilisa ngokugqithiseleyo kubangelwa ukuba isiqhamo sesityalo siza kuba sinyama kwaye sibe yintlanzi;
- imifuno ithanda i-substrate evulekileyo, ngaphandle koko iyaqhawula;
- xa ukhula iinqotyi asisebenzisi umquba omtsha, okanye uya kufumana ifomu embi;
- ukuba imifuno ayinakunycenkceshwa ixesha elide, iya kulahlekelwa yiphunga layo kunye noyilo;
- ukuba umhlaba uyanqunyulwa emva kwexesha elide elomileyo, isiqhamo sinokuqhekeka;
- ngaphandle kokunciphisa kukhula buthathaka.
Indlela yokutshala iinqatyi ngokuchanekileyo emhlabathini?
Ukuhlakulwa kweeqathi zenziwa kwiibhedi apho u-anyanisi, ukhukhamba, iitapile okanye iibhotela zikhula ngaphambili. Ukuvuna okucebileyo kufuneka ube ngumhlaba oqingqiweyo - ngenxa yale njongo umhlaba ugubiwe kwaye i-rakes ichitheka. Ukunciphisa u-asidi, umlotha uyongezwa emhlabathini. Ukulima kweeqholi kwilizwe kwenziwa kwintlobo, ngaphambi kokutyala zihlanjululwe iintsuku eziyi-3-4, zomiswa. Emva kokuba imibhede yenziwe 2 cm enzulu, apho kufuneka ubeke khona imbewu. Imbewu incinci kakhulu, ukuze ilale ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye ingabi phantsi kwenye indawo, abalimi beza ngeendlela zokuqala:
- zixutywe ngesanti - ngoko iinkozo azihlanganisi kunye kwaye zifanelwe ngokufanayo;
- Imbewu nganye isetyenziswe kwiphepha langasese, kwaye i-tape ibhekwe kuphela kwibhedi;
- ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kwamathamasi esitatyambo, apho imbewu yongezwa kwaye igalelwe ngokufanayo emhlabathini;
- Imbewu yatsalwa ngaphandle kwe-3-5 cm, phakathi kwemibhede ibonwe isikhala se-15-20 cm.
Ukunyamekela iinqatyambo kwindawo evulekile
Ukuqulunqa isityalo kwindawo emva kokutyala kufuna umsebenzi ochanekileyo. Indlela yokukhulisa isanqante enkulu engadini:
- Ukunisela imifuno kuyimfuneko ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza kusihlwa. Ngenxa yokungabi ncitshulwa kweengcambu ezincinci ziyakwazi kufa, kwaye ukugqithisa kwayo kuya kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwejusi kunye nobumnandi kwimifuno. Amahlumela kufuneka atyalwe kathathu ngeveki. Imitha yesigca yesakhelo kufuneka ibe ibhakethi yamanzi. Ukususela phakathi kwexesha lokukhula, ukunkcenkceshela kwenziwa kanye ngeveki. Emva koko izimpande zenziwe zidilize, zenze ixesha elide kunye nezoqhamo. Kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuvuna, izaqathi zimiwe;
- Emva kweentsuku ezili-10 kunye neentsuku ezingama-20, isityalo sincinci - ezininzi izityalo ziyahluma. Ukuba oku kuhoywa, ihluma ihlume ihluma izakuvumela ukuveliswa kwesiqhamo esikhulu-imifuno iya kukhula encinci;
- Ukuhluma kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba ukhula lungabonakalisi amahlumela;
- Ukukhululeka kuyindawo ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni iinqathe. Ukukhupha phezu komhlaba kuya kwenza kube nzima ukuhluma ihluma;
- Imbewu ihluma malunga neveki ezintathu.
Ukondla i-carrot kwindawo evulekile
Kuba ukutsalwa kweekroti akugqokekanga ukugqoka (2 amaxesha ngexesha elilodwa), ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezi minerals. Isicelo sokuqala senziwa iiveki 3-4 emva kokuvela kweentlobo, okwesibini - kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Kucebise ukusebenzisa izichumisi zamanzi. Ukwenza oku, faka ibhakethi lamanzi:
- ipofile ye nitrofosque ;
- ezimbini iziglasi zokhuni lomthi;
- umxube we-20 g we-nitrate ye-potassium, 15 g ye-superphosphate kabini kunye ne-urea.
Indlela yokukhulisa iidroti kwi-greenhouse?
Ukuhlakulela iinqatyi zenzalo kunye neemeko ze-hothouse. Iingenelelo zalo ndlela kukuba imifuno iza kuvela ngaphambi kwimiyezo. Kule nto, iintlobo zakuqala zikhethiweyo - iMokush, uEli Nantes, iAmsterdam Forsing 3, iMokum. Kukuphi ukukhula iidroti kwiimeko ezinjalo:
- kwizakhiwo ezenziwe nge-polycarbonate;
- kwi-hothosi ehlanganiswe ne-foil.
Into ephambili kukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho ukukhanya okubanzi kwindawo yokugcina i-greenhouse kunye nokuphuphuma umoya. Ukuba ingadi yasebusika ishushu, ngoko ukutyala kwesityalo kungenziwa unyaka wonke. Iikroti zikhula kakuhle kwi-substrate eqinile, umhlaba wokulima kufuneka ukhululeke. Imbewu yenziwe, icebo lokulima imbewu: 2 cm - ububanzi; 20-25 cm ububanzi. Imigaqo yokunyamekela iinqothu zakuqala ihambelana nemifuno ekhulayo kwindawo evulekile kwaye ibandakanye ukuchelela, ukusila, ukucoca kunye nokutya. Ngenxa yesitrato, isivuno sinokufumaneka ngaphandle kokulinda ekwindla. Ukuba uhlwaya umbhede ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngoko imifuno ivunwa ngoMeyi.
Indlela yokukhulisa izaqathe ekhaya?
Imifuno ekhulile kwiifestile ingafumaneka kuwo wonke unyaka. Ukuzaliswa kwekhaya, iintlobo ezincinci zeeqathi zifanelekile, umzekelo, ekuqaleni kweAmsterdam. Inika iziqhamo ezincinci kunye namnandi. Indlela yokukhulisa izaqathe kwindlu:
- ufumane umhlaba;
- kuthatha izikhuni eziphakamileyo (ukuya kwi-20 cm) zokungena kwelanga (ekulungeleyo malunga neebhotile zeplastiki ezinqunywe phezulu), kufuneka zibe nemingxuma phantsi;
- Iikroti ezikhulayo ekhaya ziyacetyiswa naliphi na ixesha lonyaka - imbewu ifakwa kwisitya esinye sesahlulo sesithathu (ngoko uhlala ukhula, ushiye ihlumela elinamandla);
- Izimbiza akumele zimi phantsi kwelanga elithe ngqo;
- watyiswa ngamanzi amile;
- emva kweeveki ezi-2 zihluma ngaphandle-phakathi kwendawo ecaleni kufuneka zibe ngu-2 cm;
- Ukondla iinqatyisi zasemakhaya kunokwenzeka ukuba i-nitrogen fertilizer, kodwa yinto encinane - iya kubangela ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwamaqabunga;
- Ukuvuna kungenziwa kwiintsuku ezingama-70 kwaye ngokukhawuleza utshale ibhegi elandelayo;
- Kwilizwe elilodwa kucetyiswa ukuba uhlwayelwe imifuno kungekho kathathu.
Iimfihlelo zokukhupha izaqathe
Fumana isivuno esihle kunye neengcambu ezicocekileyo kuya kwenzeka kubantu baziyo imfihlelo yendlela yokukhulisa izaqathe ezinkulu:
- Thenga iimbewu ezinemibala engcono - sele sele iphathwa nge-fungicide;
- iintlobo ezidumileyo: Nantes, Losinoostrovskaya 13, uSamson, iVithamini 6;
- Ukutshala umhlaba olungeleyo, ngokuwa kufuneka kuguqulwe, kwaye entwasahlobo ukwenza i-humus kunye ne- compost ;
- ingakumbi ikroti ikhula kakuhle emva kwe-anyanisi;
- Imbewu kufuneka ifakwe ngaphambi kokutyala, kwaye yomiswa;
- Ngentwasahlobo ukutyala kuqhutyelwa ngushisa, emva kokuhamba kweentyantyambo zeentaka;
- Ukutyala kweesibusi ebusika kukuvumela ukuvuna ngoJulayi;
- imithetho ephambili yokunyamekela - ukukhula ukhula, ukususa ukhula, ukubeka iliso kumswakama womhlaba nokukhusela ukubonakala kwe-crust on the surface.
Ukulima kweekroti ngeendlela ze-Kizima
Umthandi-gadini uGalina Kizima unikela indlela yakhe yokuhlwayela, ekhusela imifuno kwizinambuzane nezifo. Izixhobo zokulima iinqathe ngeendlela zazo:
- ibhedi iyanamanzi kwaye iyancwiswa nge "Phytosporin" ngobusuku obuphambili;
- kusasa yenza i groove kumgama we-5 cm;
- Imbewu ye-marigolds ityalwe ngeenxa nganye (ihlaziye izinambuzane), ngoko-ke ukusuka kumgca ngamnye-emithathu imigodi yeeqathi, kunye nakwiziko-unyaka owodwa onion;
- Imbewu ayifuni kwaye izityalo zingapheli;
- ukwenzela ukuba ungagxothi kwaye ungadli iikroti, thatha 1 ithispoon ye imbewu, i-fraction ye-AVA yefowuni (okanye nayiphi na isichumisi se-mineral, ngaphandle kwe-potassium chloride) kunye nesihlabathi esihle;
- yonke into ixutywe kwaye ihlwayelwe, njengokungathi isobho sinamanzi;
- Umhlaba uphawulwa kwaye ugxininwe ngeentende zezandla;
- Emva kokubonakala kwamagqabi amane kuhluma, ukunyusa kwamanzi kuyayeka.
Indlela yaseTshayina yokukhulisa izaqathe
Wonke umntu usetyenziselwa into yokuba umyezo ngaphambi kokutsalwa kuhlanjululwa yi-rakes, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukutshala imifuno kwimigqomo ephakamileyo. Kule meko, izityalo zengcambu zifumana ukukhanya okulungileyo, okukhuthaza ukukhula okulungileyo kunye nokufumana ukukhuseleka kwezifo, emva kokuhluma okulula ukuhlambulula. Imithetho yokulima iinqatyambo zesiTshayina:
- Iidonga ezifanane zenziwe ngumbhobho, ukuphakama - ukuya kuma-20 cm, umgama phakathi kwemitha - 60 cm;
- kwinqanaba elincinane le-crest lisetyenzisiwe isichumisi: imitha engama-1 yomhlaba idinga ibhakethi ye-humus, 15 g ye-nitrophosphoric acid, i-30 g ye- superphosphate ;
- Imbewu ityalwe kwimigangatho emibini kwicala eliphambene nelinye iqela, lijonge ngo-2 cm;
- inyanga yokuqala yokuthambisa ukupha;
- isityalo sinqabileyo, izinambuzane zisuswe;
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqhutyelwa ngokweqhinga eliqhelekileyo;
Indlela yaseDutch yokukhulisa izaqathe
Itheknoloji ifana neyesiTshayina, umahluko uphezulu kunye nobubanzi be-crests. Indlela yaseDutch yokukhupha izaqathe:
- ukufumana isivuno esihle, iintlobo zeNantes, iBellikum, iFlakke zisetyenzisiweyo;
- iinqonga zinqunywe kumgama wama-75 cm omnye komnye, ububanzi bhedeni ngu-20 cm, ukuphakama kunokufikelela kwisiqingatha semitha;
- Ukulungiswa komhlaba kubandakanya ukulima kwekwindla kunye nentwasahlobo yokukhupha;
- kwimigqomo, udidi olulodwa lomqolo wembewu kunye nomgca we-6 cm, ezimbini okanye ezintathu, u-2 cm;
- ukunyusa, ukuchumisa, ukucoca.
Unganisela njani iinqathe?
Ukunkcenkcenkceshela okungalunganga kwezibhedlele kunye nemifuno kukhokelela ekubeni isityalo sesityalo siphula, sineqhwa okanye siqhekekile. Le mifuno ayinyamezeli ukuma okanye ubuncwane obuninzi. Ukungabikho kwamanzi yeso sizathu sokuba isivuno siba nzima kwaye siphuluke ukuthambisa kwayo, kwaye ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kubangela ukukhula okungaphezulu kwezinto eziphezulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokulungisa amanzi iinqwelo, ukwenzela ukuba iingcambu zikhule zicolile kwaye zihlaziye. Urhulumente wokumisa ulwahlukileyo uhlukeneyo kwiinqanaba ezahlukeneyo zokukhula kwezityalo.
Unganisela njani ikroti emva kokutshala?
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlwayela kwaye phambi kokusuka kokuqala, ukunyuswa komhlaba kufuneka ukuba kuphakame. Ukunisela ibhedi kuyimfuneko ukusuka ekutheni ukuthambisa kungenziwa nge-strainer engayi kuhlamba imbewu. Xa ebuzwa ukuba kaninzi kangakanani ukuhambisa iinqatyi, abalimi abanamava banika iziphakamiso ezinjalo:
- i-moisten imifuno ekuqaleni kokukhula ngokuphindwe kabini ngeveki ukwenzela ukuba umhlaba uphathwe kakuhle;
- NgoJuni-Julayi, emva kokubhaliswa kwezityalo zengcambu, ukuthambisa kuncitshiswe kube kanye ngeveki, umthamo wamanzi ukwanda. Emva koko iingcambu zikhula ngokukhawuleza ekufuneni umswakama;
- kwinqanaba lesibini lika-Agasti, emva kokuba izityalo zityalo zixutywe, ukutyiliswa kumisiwe (kumanzi ngexesha lesomiso). Ukuba imifuno igqityiwe, kwaye imvula iyakunqumla - oku kufuneka kubukele.
Indlela yokukhulisa izaqathe ngaphandle kokunisela?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-hydration yezityalo inzima kwaye ihambelana nobuninzi beengxaki - imali, ngokwenyama, inhlangano. Ukulima kweekroti ngaphandle kokunisela:
- Umhlaba ugubungelwe ekwindla, entwasahlobo - iyalinywa;
- Ukwandisa ikhono lomhlaba ukugcina umswakama, luyaphuma kunye ne-peat, umquba, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamaminerali;
- Ukutshala kwembewu kuyenziwa ngokubambelela kwiphepha lephepha langasese, elixutywe lifakwe emhlabathini, lifafazwe ngezandla zomhlaba;
- ke umbhede uhlanganiswe nge-polyethylene emnyama;
- kwiintsuku eziyi-15-17 i-cellophane isusiwe;
- ngokuqhubekayo, umswakama womhlaba unikezelwa ngokugcina ulawulo oluphezulu luzinzile kwiimeko ezingabonakaliyo (akukho sikhotho);
- umhlaba uhlanganiswe ne- mulch - sawdust, utshani obomileyo, utshani, iinaliti;
- iya kuphucula ulawulo lwawo lwamanzi emoyeni, izityalo zengcambu ziya kukhula phantsi ekukhangekeni kobutyu kwaye zikhule ziqine kwaye.
Izifo zeekroti ngexesha lokulima
Kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokukhulisa izaqathe nokukhusela izifo zakhe:
- Esinye sezidalwa ezinambuzane ezisisityalo semifuno. Ukulwa nalo, kucetyiswa ukutshala isityalo kufuphi ne-anyanisi, ufefe umhlaba ngomququ onobuqholo, utshani, utshani obunciniweyo. Ngaphambi kwamagqabi aphihliweyo, kuyimfuneko ukucwangcisa iinqonga ze-Aktellikom;
- umngcipheko wokubonakala kwefungi (iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubola) kuncitshiswe ukutshiza iibhedi kanye ngenyanga kunye nesisombululo somxube weBordeaux ;
- ukusuka kwiindawo ezininzi zezilwanyana kunye nezifo iinqwelo ziza kugcinwa ngokukhenkcela nokucoca, okwenziwa ngexesha.