- Idilesi: Angkor, Angkor Thom, eCambodia
- Ukuvula: 1200 g.
- Indawo: 9 km²
- UMdali: Jayavarman VII
Kufuphi neAngkor Wat yithempeli laseBayon - enye yeetempileni ezindala kunye nezobukhulu zaseCambodia . Ukuvela kwetempile kudibaniswa negama likaMnu. Jayavarman VII, owayenako ukutshintsha ikhondo lexesha elide elide kwaye aphinde axoshe abahlaseli. Imisebenzi yezempi yaqhubeka kumazwe abutshaba.
Abahlaseli babengabantu abakhelene nabo base-Cham, inkulu-mkhulu yobukumkani yaphangwa kwaye yabhujiswa. UMlawuli uJayavarman VII wasebenzisa imali eninzi kwi-treasury ukwakha kwakhona isixeko esichaphazelekayo waza wagqiba ukuseka udonga oluqingqiweyo ukuze amkhusele ekubanjeni nasekubhujisweni kwixesha elizayo. Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zexabiso elihlaziyiweyo kwakuyinqaba yekosi kunye neBayon-itempile elikhulu.
Isakhiwo setempile
Itempile ifumaneka kwingxenyana ephambili yesixeko sase-Angkor Thom kwaye inomdla kakhulu ngobukhulu. Kwimeko yokucoca ngokukhawuleza, unokucinga ukuba le tempile yelitye yendalo imangalisayo eyenziwe yendalo. Yaye kuphela ukuqwalasela ngokunyamekileyo kuya kushiya ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba le sakhiwo yinto enye ngaphandle komsebenzi we-titanic wamakhulu kunye namawaka abantu. Ithempeli likaBayon libetha ngobukhulu bayo nokungaqhelekanga, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa ngumqondiso wamatye, kwaye oku kuyinyaniso.
Ngokumalunga nobukhulu betempile, banakho ukuphazamisa nawuphi na umntu ofikile apha: indawo yeBayon i-9 km square. Ilitye-itempile liphantsi kokukhuselwa kweengonyama zamatye, ezavula imilomo ngomsindo othusa. UBonon uzukisa iBuddha kunye nezenzo zakhe kwaye, njengezakhiwo ezininzi ezinje, zifana nemimandla eyancipha. Kule tempile kukho imimandla emithathu. Eyona nkulu, indawo ephantsi ijikelezwe ligalari yamatye; xa sele ikhutshwe, kodwa ngoku iyanqatshulwa, zishiya kuphela iintsika kunye neentlobo ezihle kakhulu ezidityaniswe ngazo izindonga zegalari.
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Iintlanzi zeetempile zaseBayon
Ubude begalari buyi-160 m, kwaye ububanzi buyi-140 m. Ummandla wonke uhlanganiswe ne-reliefs ebonakalayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa abantu abulula kunye nobomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ukongeza kwiibali ezinjalo, igalari ihlotshiswe ngama-reliefs axelela ibali laseCambodia, ubomi kunye nempumelelo yamajoni kaKumkani Jayavarman. Ngamanye amaxesha unako ukudibana nemifanekiso yekosikazi, efanelekileyo ekucingwa ngayo imifanekiso emihle yeemifanekiso zale minyaka.
I-terrace yesibili ijikelezwe yilaligalari efanayo, i-reliefs yayo ihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yeengqungquthela zonqulo nezengqungquthela. Kwakhona nayi inqaba, ubude bayo buyii-43 zamitha. Isici sayo sisiseko esifakelwe kuyo. Unomfanekiso we-oval, engabonakaliyo xa ubeka izixhobo ezinjalo. Inqaba, ephakathi kweBayon eCambodia, ifanekisela indawo yendalo yonke. Emva kokuba ihlala kwisigxina esikhulu sikaBuddha, kodwa kwiMinyaka Ephakathi, isithunzi satshatyalaliswa, kwakukho iziqhekeza ezazisasazeka kwintsimi yetempile.
Iinqaba ezincinci ezingama-52, ezona zijikelezileyo. Zizofanela kwaye zikhethe udonga oluthi, ngokweenkolelo zasendulo, zijikeleze iphela. Ngelishwa, ixesha kunye neengqungquthela zendalo zingabhubhisanga.
Imithetho yeendonga zetempile
Iinqaba zeetempile zaseBayon ziyingqayizivele, akukho lizwe ehlabathini elinalo hlobo. Kwinqaba enye ebomini ubuso bomntu bayihlotshisiwe, elowo lujoliswe kwicala elithile lehlabathi. Ingqikithi kukho ubuso obu-208, ukuphakama kwanoma yiyiphi ifikelele kumitha engama-2. Kukho iingcamango ezichaza imvelaphi yabantu kunye nenjongo yazo. Ngokomnye wabo, ubuso bufanekisela uAvalokiteshvara - unkulunkulu onobulumko obungenakulinganiswa, ububele novelwano. Olunye uluvo kukuba iindonga ezinobuso ziwuphawu lobukhosi bukaYayavarman VII, obonakalayo kwiindawo zonke zehlabathi. Inani leenqaba zeetempile laseBayon eCambodia lihambelana nenani la maphondo aphakathi kweCambodia ephakathi. Umgangatho ophakathi uthetha ukumkani kunye namandla akhe angenamkhawulo.
I-bas-reliefs ezihlobisa iindonga zetempile ngokwenene kwaye zibonisa ngokupheleleyo ubomi bobukumkani kwi-Middle Ages. Zithathwa njengamaxwebhu anokwenkcaza athembekileyo kwaye zixelele ngokuqinisekileyo malunga nazo zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu ngelo xesha: ikhaya, iimpahla, ukuzonwabisa, umsebenzi, ukuphumla njalonjalo. Kukho iziganeko ezisuka kwimikhosi yempi kunye no-Cham.
Ixesha likaKumkani uJayavarman VII lwalukhulu kwaye alunakwenzeka. Emva kokufa kwakhe eCambodia, kwakungekho itempile enye eyakhiwa, eyona yafana neBayon. Ubungakanani belo xesha bufikelela kusasa olungakaze lube nalo kwaye lubhekiselwa kwimbali njenge "Age of the Bayon".
Ndingafika njani?
Ithempeli laseBayon alikude neAngkor Wat. Unokufika apho kubini kwinani lamaqela okuhamba kunye neeteksi (ukuqesha i-day kuya kubiza i-dollar ezingama-20 ukuya ku-30.) Enye indlela engabiziyo yi-tuk-tuk - indleko yokuqeshisa olu hlobo lothutho ngosuku luphindwe kabini, kuphela 10-15 idola.
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