Isifo seLyme - imigaqo yonyango oluphumelelayo

Isifo seLyme ngenye yezona zifo ezixhaphakileyo ezixhaphakileyo ezidluliselwa ngamagikethi. Iziganeko zentsholongwane zibhalwa rhoqo kumazwe amaninzi aseAsia naseYurophu, kuquka neyethu, kunye nepesenti yokukhubazeka nokufa okubangelwa kwesi sifo akuncinci.

Iyintoni isifo seLyme kubantu?

Ukukhubazeka okukhulu, oku kunokukhokelela kwimiba eyodwa ye-tick-borreliosis. Kubizwa nangokuthi isifo seLyme, okokuqala kubhaliswe kwaye kuchazwe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo e-USA kwisixeko saseLaim. Emva koko izigulane ezininzi zafumanisa ukuba "zentlungu ye-rheumatoid arthritis", kwaye emva kweengcaphephe zezifundo ngaba oososayensi baqulunqa ukuxhamla kwesi sifo ngokulunywa kwekhakiti.

Tshitye i-borreliosis yintlupheko ye-polysystemic ye-nature kunye ne-pathogenesis enobunzima, ezininzi zazo ezizimeleyo njengezifo ezizimeleyo, kwaye impawu ezininzi zibalwa njenge-syndromes ye-etiology ecacileyo. Xa usulelekile, ulusu luchaphazeleka, i-musculoskelet system, inkqubo ye-nervous central, inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system.

Isifo seLyme yintsebenziswano

Tshisa i-borreliosis (isifo seLyme) sibangelwa yizinyunyana ze-genre Borrelia (i-spirochetes). Ezi zide, iibhakteria ezincinci zendlela ehlobo lwe-spring, ukulungiswa, ikakhulukazi kwimizimba ye-ixodic mites, emathunjini apho ukuveliswa kwezi zifo-mzimba zikhona. Ama-Pathogens afumaneka nakwiimfucu zomzimba weenkomo, iindundane, iintaka, izinja nezinye izilwanyana.

Iikitikiti - indawo ephambili yentsholongwane, ukusuka kubo kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu banentsholongwane. Iibhaktriya ezinamaqabunga kunye nemali ekhutshwa ngumthi uphuma, i-borreliosis iyakwazi ukuphuhlisa nangona xa inambuzane igalelwe, kwaye ukuba iziqu zomathumbu zayo zihamba nge-microtrauma ezinqamlekileyo xa zityuntshisa i-parasite. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amathuba okufumana isifo kuxhomekeke kwinani leebhaktheriya eziye zangena.

Unako "ukuthatha" ikethi ehlathini, ipaki yehlathi, idlelo, njl. Ezi ntsholongwane zegazi zihlala zilindele "ixhoba", zibambelele kwiqabunga lesityalo, i-shrub, ekuphakameni kwama-1.5 m ukusuka emhlabathini. Ngokuqhelekileyo bawela endlwini kunye nezilwane ezifuywayo, babambelele kwiboya yabo. Isiganeko sentshukumo esivela kuMeyi ukuya kuSeptemba, xa ezi zinambuzane zinesigaba esisebenzayo.

Isifo seLyme

Isifo seLyme (borreliosis) kunye nophuhliso lwayo oluqhelekileyo luhamba kwiinqanaba ezintathu:

• Isigaba I - inkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokutshatyalaliswa kunye neyokugula, xa iibhaktheriya emva kokungenwa kwezilwanyana zingena kwiindawo zesikhumba;
• Isigaba II - ukusasazwa (emva kweveki ezimbalwa, iinyanga) - ukusasazeka kwesulelo ngegazi kunye ne-lymph evela kwisiza sokusungulwa kwizitho zangaphakathi ezahlukeneyo, i-lymph nodes, izihlanganisi;
• ISIQI isigaba - ukuphikelela (kwiinyanga ezi-1-12 emva kokuphela kwesigaba sesibini) - kunye nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane emzimbeni, iinjongo zeengqondo zibandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokuvuvukala, isilonda esisisigxina sesinye sezitho singabonwa.

Izimpawu zeBorliliosis

Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwentsholongwane lidla rhoqo iintsuku ezi-7-10, ngamanye amaxesha zingaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu (iintsuku ezingama-30). Xa isifo seLyme sikhula, iimpawu kwisigaba sokuqala azihlali ziphazamisa umntu kwaye ziyanyanzelekile ukuba zidibane nogqirha, abaninzi bazithabathela ukubonakaliswa kwebandayo, umkhuhlane. Ukongezelela, akubona zonke izigulane zikhumbule ikhefu eliliselayo, mhlawumbi lingaqwalaselwa.

Iimpawu ze-borreliosis emva kokukhawula kwekhayi

Isiqalo esiqhakazileyo sokuqala, esilandelwa yisifo seLyme emva kokulinywa kwekhaksi kwimeko yohlobo lwe-erythematous (kwimiba engama-70%) kubonakala kwindawo yesilonda yommandla ojikelezayo okanye oval redinging, ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye uzibophelele kumathishini angenakuqhathaniswa nomda obomvu obomvu. Ubungakanani bebala elibomvu lingahluka ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-60 cm, engathembeki kwisibandezelo sesi sifo. Iziko le-erythema lihlanganiswe, libalapha okanye liluhlaza. Kwiindawo ezibomvu, ubuhlungu obunzima, ukubetha, ukulahlekelwa kwentswelo yesikhumba kunokuvakalelwa.

Ezinye iimpawu ze borreliosis kumanyathelo okuqala zingaquka:

• Iqondo lokushisa lomzimba eliphakamileyo (ukuya kwi-39-40 ° C);
• buthathaka;
• ukukhathala;
• ukuqina kwentamo yentamo;
• isicefe
• ukuhlanza;
• Ukutshutshiswa emqaleni;
• rhinitis encinci;
• intloko;
• ukuvuvukala kwe-eye mucosa;
• ukukhawuleza ebusweni;
• intlungu esibindi.

Kwezinye iimeko, ezi zimpawu zikhona ngaphandle kokubonakala kubomvu kwiindawo zokuluma. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, ezi zibonakaliso ziyancipha okanye zinyamalale, nangona ukuba isifo asizange siphathwe. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuziphilisa ngokuzenzekelayo kuzinzile. Ngaphandle koko, i-pathology progresss, idlula kwisigaba esingapheliyo okanye kwifom epheleleyo ebandakanya iziko ezithile okanye iinkqubo. Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zixhomekeke kwindawo yokusuleleka:

1. Xa kwenzeka ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo ye-musculoskelet system:

• intlungu kumalungu eendawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba;
• utshintshe umda;
• umda wokunyuka kwamalungu.

2. Xa kwenzeka umonakalo we-cardiovascular:

• ukwanda kwenani lentliziyo;
• ukuphefumula okufutshane ngexesha lokuzilolonga kunye nokuphumla;
• intlungu enzima entliziyweni .

3. Xa inkqubo ye-nervous central ichaphazelekayo:

• ukunciphisa ukunyakaza okungekho nto;
• ukwandisa okanye ukucindezeleka;
• ukukhathazeka kwememori, ukugxininiswa kwengqalelo;
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
• ukukhubazeka kwesibindi somzimba ;
• ukunqotshwa kwe-oculomotor, i-auditory, i-nertic optic.

4. Xa ubuchopho bonakaliswe:

• intloko ephoqa ;
• ukungcola;
• isicefe
• ukuhlanza;
• photophobia;
• ukuphazamiseka kokuvalelwa, njl

Ukongezelela, ubunzima beembonakaliso zeklinikhi zesifo seLyme singabandakanya ukubunjwa kwesikhumba se-lymphocytoma - i-nodule enye okanye ukungena ngaphakathi okanye ukusasazwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zakhiwo, ezinobunzima kwaye zibe nombala obomvu obomvu, ziyabonwa kwiindlebe zeendlebe, iimbumba kunye neenkolas ezihlaziyiweyo zamathambo, ubuso, izitho zangasese.

Isifo seLyme - ukuxilongwa

Tshwaba i-borreliosis, iimpawu ezahlukileyo kwi-polymorphism, ayifumaneki ngokulula, ngakumbi kwizigaba zamva. Ukuxilongwa kwe-clinical reliable can be established only in the case of crystaltic manifestation emva kwe-tick-bite, eyona mqondiso omkhulu wesifo. Ngoko akukho mfuneko yophando lwebhubhoratri.

Ukuchonga ukuba isalathisi esilumkileyo sisisifo, emva kokususwa esikhumbeni singathathwa kwi-laboratory ukulungiselela uviwo. Ukwenza oku, inambuzane ifakwa kwijeli yeglasi phantsi kwesiqhekeza, apho kufuneka uqale ubeke ucezu loboya bekotoni obunamanzi. Kunengqiqo ukwenza oku, ukuba akukho ngaphaya komhla odlulileyo ukususela kwikhanksi isusiwe, inambuzane iyaphila kwaye iphelele.

Uhlalutyo lwe-borreliosis

Isifo seLyme kwisigaba sesibini nesesithathu sinokufunyanwa ngokuhlalutya ngokukodwa kwegazi legazi, apho inani elithile liqulethe i-borreliosis. Kwisigaba sokuqala, akunqabile ukufumanisa ibhaktheriya kwibhubhoratri. Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-borreliosis lungenziwa ngokulandela iindlela ezilandelayo:

• i-polymerase chain reaction - ukufunyanwa kweziqwenga ze-DNA okanye i-RNA ye-pathogen;
• i-enzyme immunoassay - ukufunyanwa kweengqungquthela zeeklasi ze-IgM ne-IgG;
• ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo kwe-fluorescence - ukuhlalutya kwe-serological kunye nokuphambi kokunyanga kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-antibodies.

I-borreliosis yonyango-ephathekayo-unyango

Ukuba i-borreliosis ifunyaniswa, unyango, okokuqala, kukuthatha ii-antibiotiki, apho uBorlia azivale khona. Izigulane ezinezifo ezinzima kwaye zincinci kakhulu zihlala esibhedlele, kwaye ngenxa yamatyala amancinci, unyango luyenzeka kwisithuba sengqesho. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ngaphezu kokususa intsholongwane, kufuneka kuthathele ingqalelo imbonakalo yeklinikhi, malunga namagatya amayeza anokumiselwa:

• iziyobisi ezingekho-steroidal ezichasayo (indomethacin, naproxen);
• i-analgesics (iBargin, i-Maxigana);
• glucocorticosteroids (Prednisolone);
• iziyobisi zomzimba (Cavinton, Trental);
• antihistamines (Claritin, Suprastin);
• i-antioxidants (Solcoseryl, Actovegin);
• kuthetha ukuphucula ukuqhutyelwa kwe-neuromuscular (Prozerin, Oksazil);
• i-diuretics (Furosemide);
• imveliso ye-detoxification (Atoxil, Albumin), njl.

Izindlela ezingekho zezolimo zinconywa nazo:

• kusela kakhulu;
• Iinkqubo zePhysiotherapeutic (i-phonophoresis, i-UV irradiation, magnetotherapy);
• hydrotherapy;
• ukusilisa;
• gymnastics yokwelapha.

I-Borreliosis - unyango ngamayeza

Indlela yokunyanga isifo seLyme nge-antibiotics, ngokweyiphi isicwangciso sokuyithatha, kwiyiphi idosi, ixesha elide, liza kuqwalaselwa kwisigaba sesifo kunye neempawu ezibalulekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango lwe-Lyme unyango lufuna iiveki ezi-2-4, kwaye izidakamizwa ezinjalo zinokumiselwa:

• ITetracycline, i-Amoxicillin, i-Doxycycline, i-Azithromycin - kwisigaba sam sifo kunye nokubonakaliswa kwesikhumba;
• I-Doxycycline, iCeftriaxone, iBenzylpenicillin, i-Levomycetin - eneempawu ze-neurologic;
• Ceftriaxone, i-Penicillin G, i-Doxycycline, i-Amoxicillin-eneempawu zentliziyo kunye nomonakalo ohlangeneyo.

Isifo seLyme - imiphumela

Xa kungabikho unyango oluchanekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, imiphumo ye-borreliosis ingaba ngolu hlobo:

• utshintsho oludibeneyo oluthile;
• ukukhubazeka;
• ukuphazamiseka kwe-myocardium;
• ukulahlekelwa kweentetho, ukubona;
• izicubu kwindawo yokuluma;
• kwengqondo, njl njl

Ukuthintela i-borreliosis

Okwangoku, isifo seLyme asikwazi ukunqandwa ngokugonywa. Ngoko ke, ukukhuselwa kwesifo seLyme kwenziwa ngokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana uphawu kumzimba, oqinisekiswa ngu:

• bembethe iingubo zokukhanya ezigubungela umzimba kangangoko kunokwenzeka, xa ufaka uhlobo;
• usebenzisa ii-ticks eziphikisayo;
• Ukuhlola ngokukhawuleza kweengubo kunye nomzimba ngenxa yobukho bamacenge.

Borreliosis - post-bite prophylaxis

Ukuba isifo se-borreliosis asizange siphume emva kokulinywa kwekhaksi, kufuneka ukuba:

1. Ncothula ngokukhawuleza ikiti , ucoce i-bite kunye nesisombululo se-iodine;
2. Funa iingcebiso zonyango;
3. Ngokwe-shedyuli yeshedyuli, kungekudala umhla wesihlanu emva kokuluma, i-antibiotic prophylaxis kufuneka iqhutywe ngokukhawuleza (rhoqo ngokusetyenziswa kwe- Doxycycline okanye i-Ceftriaxone).

Indlela yokususa ikiti ngokuchanekileyo, unokubona ividiyo: