Imfazwe yeTrojan kunye namaqhawe ayo - iingoma kunye neengcamango

Iingoma kunye neengcamango zaseGrisi zamandulo zimelela inkcubeko eninzi, eqhubeka ishukumisa iingqondo zesayensi, izazi-mlando, abavubukuli. Imfazwe yeTrojan - isiganeko esicacileyo kakhulu esenzeka ngaphambili, esichazwe ngomlomo kwimisebenzi yakhe ethi "Odyssey" kunye ne "Iliad" umlandisi wamandulo waseGrike uHomer.

Ngaba iMfazwe yeTrojan iyinyaniso okanye intsomi?

Izazi-mlando kude kube neXVIII inkulungwane. kuthatyathwa ukuba imfazwe yeTrojan ibe yinyani engqalileyo, ukuzama ukufumana iindlela zeTroy zakudala azizange zikhokele kwiziphumo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba inkolelo yinto exhomekeke kwiinyani kunye neembono zabantu zehlabathi ezibangqongileyo. Ukususela kwimithombo kulandela ukuba imfazwe yaqala ekupheleni kwekhulu le-13 le-12. BC, xa ukucinga komntu kwakuyinganekwane: ngokwenene, indawo ebalulekileyo yabelwa oothixo, imimoya yendalo.

Ixesha elide le-Trojan, i-apple yokungahambelani yinto ephambili yengqungquthela yecebo lokuwa kweTroy. Kulo lonke, ukususela ngekhulu le-XIX. Iimbali-mlando zibona kwi-War War imicimbi-yobomi, kodwa kungekhona kwiTroy ngokwayo. Iimbono ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi:

1. F. Rückert (umphandi waseJamani) wacetyisa ukuba iMfazwe yeTrojan yayiyiyo, kodwa abalinganiswa bakhe baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ngabathunywa be-Achaean abagqiba ukuzukisa ookhokho babo.
2. UP. Cauer (ososayensi waseJamani) wayeqwalasela iMfazwe yeTrojan, eguqulwe yimfazwe yama-colonialists ase-Aeolian nabemi baseAsia Minor.

Intsomi yeMfazwe yeTrojan

AmaGrike ayekholelwa ukuba uTroy wakhiwa oothixo uPoseidon noApollo. UKumkani u-Priam, owayelawula uTroy, wayenotyebi olukhulu kunye neenzala ezininzi. Kwinqwelo yenkohlakalo yeTrojan, iziganeko ezilandelelanayo zidibeneyo, eziye ziba yimbangela enkulu yokuwa kweTroy:

1. Umfazi okhulelweyo we-Priam-Hecuba wabona iphupha: ngexesha lokubeletha, wakhupha umlilo ovuthayo apho uTroy watshiswa khona. Ixesha lifikile - uHezekiya wazala inkwenkwana enhle yaseParis waza wamthabatha waya ehlathini, apho athatyathwa khona aze akhutshwe ngumalusi.
2. Emtshatweni weArgonaut Peleus kunye nama-nymphs aseThetis, bayakhohlwa ukumema unkulunkulukazi wokungaboni ngaso u-Eris. Ngomsindo ngokungahloneli, u-Eris wadala "i-apple yokungahambelani" kunye nombhalo othi "Owona Mhle", obangela ingxabano phakathi kwala mathathu: Aphrodite, Athena noHero. UZeus wayala uHermes ukuba afune iParis, ngoko wawagweba ukuba ngubani na onokunika isiqhamo. I-apula iya ku-Aphrodite, ngokubuyisela isithembiso sakhe sokunika iParis intando yowesifazane omhle kakhulu kwihlabathi likaHelen. Oku kwaphawula ukuqala kweMfazwe yeTrojan.

Inkolelo yokuqala kweMfazwe yeTrojan

UAlena Indoda enhle yamatyala e-War War, yayingumfazi otshatileyo, owayenothando olude lwafunwa nguMeneus - ukumkani waseSpartan. I-Paris, ekufumene inkxaso ye- Aphrodite , yafika e-Sparta ngethuba uMeneus wayedinga ukuya eKrete, ukuba ahlasele iinqaba zikayise-ntombi uKatreia. UMenewu wamkela isivakashi ngenhlonipho waza wahamba ngohambo lwakhe. UHelen, owayesele evelele eParis, waya naye eTroy, ehamba naye ubuncwane bomyeni wakhe.

Ingqiqo yesidima uMeneus ahlupheke, kwaye intlungu yokunyelisa umfazi wakhe oyintanda - yiloo nto eyayiqala ngayo iMfazwe yeTrojan. UMeneus uqokelela umkhosi kwiphulo lokulwa noTroy. Kukho esinye isizathu sokuba iMfazwe yeTrojan, enye iproseic - iTroy iphazamise ukutshintshiselana kunye nokurhweba kweGrisi yamandulo kunye namanye amazwe.

Yiminyaka emininzi iMfazwe yamaTrojan yaphela?

Umkhosi, onamaqela angaphezu kwe-100 000 kwiinqanawa ezili-1186 phantsi kolawulo lukaMeneyu kunye nomntakwabo u-Agamemnon, waqala umkhosi. Malunga nexesha elingakanani ixesha leMfazwe yeTrojan ehlala, kukho inkolelo. Ekusebenzeni kombingelelo kwi-Ares, inyoka yaqhawula phantsi kwe-altare, yenyuka umthi ibe yidlaphu ehambayo kwaye idla yonke intaka yeentaka ezili-8 kunye neyowesibini, yajika yajika yaba ngamatye. UmPristi Kalhant wabikezela iminyaka eyi-9 yemfazwe kunye nokuwa kweyeshumi kweTroy.

Ngubani ophumelele iMfazwe yeTrojan?

Imbali yeMfazwe yeTrojan yaqala kumaGrike aneengqungquthela zokuphazamiseka: iinqanawa zathathwa kwelinye icala, emazweni aseMsia kunye nephutha uKumkani uFersander, umlingani waseSparta, wabulawa, abantu baseThebes baphuma baya kumelana nabaxhaphazi. Umkhosi weSparta wahlulwa kakhulu. Ukufika eTroy, iminyaka engama-9 kwakukho ukunqingwa okukhulu kwinqaba. I-Paris noMeneus badibana nomsindo onobukrakra, apho iParis ibhubha khona.

U-Odysseus ubona iphupha, apho i-Athena inikeza iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokubamba iTroy. Ihashe lenkuni eyenziwe, lasala ngasesangweni lenqaba, kwaye amajoni ahamba ngomkhumbi ukusuka eTroy. AmaTrojans ajabulisayo ahamba ngehashe eliqhelekileyo waya egcekeni waza waqalisa ukubhiyozela ukunqoba. Ebusuku, ihashe leTrojan yavuleka, amaqhawe aphuthuma, avulela amasango enqabeni kwabanye, kunye nokubulawa kwabantu abemi. Abafazi nabantwana babanjwe. Kwawa ke uTroy.

Imfazwe yeTrojan kunye namaqhawe ayo

Imisebenzi kaHomer ichaza iziganeko ezimangalisayo zale minyaka njengengxabano yobuntu obuqinileyo obukhusela ilungelo lomntu ngamnye kumzabalazo wamandla nolonwabo. Amaqhawe adumile eWindows War:

1. Odysseus - ukumkani waseItka, kunye nomhlobo waseSinon wayenombono wehashe "yeTrojan".
2. U-Hector ungumphathi-ntloko yeTroy. Wabulala umngane we-Achilles - Patroclus.
3. Ibhola le-Achille leMfazwe yeTrojan ekungqingiweni kwinqaba yabulala amajoni angama-72. Ukulimala ngokufa nguParis kwisithende se-Apollo.
4. UMeneyu ubulala iParis, ukhulula u-Elena waya eSparta.