Iingcali zenzululwazi ziqinisekisile ukuba nabani na ongathetha kwifowuni kunye neentsapho ezifile!
UThomas Alva Edison iminyaka engama-84 yobomi bakhe uye wenza izinto ezingaphezu kwama-4 ezifunyenwe kunye nezinto eziqulunqwayo, ininzi apho uluntu luye lwasebenzisa ngokukhawuleza kangaka. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-22 wathembisa ukudala into encinane kwintsuku zonke iintsuku ezili-10, kwaye zonke iinyanga ezintandathu zifumene ukufunyanwa kwezesayensi. UTomas akazange agxile kwizinto ezacetywayo. Wenyuka ngombane wecandelo lonyulo, i-telegraph ngokuzenzekelayo, igronograph, isibane sokukhupha, umbane wombane. Kodwa ukufumanisa okungaqondakaliyo nokungaqhelekanga, mhlawumbi, kunokubizwa ngokuba yi-duffer ye-Edison, namhlanje abazama ukuyikhumbula ...
Baye bathetha njani kunye nemimoya phambi kukaEdison?
Ukususela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, iiseshoni zokusebenzelana nemimoya zenzeke kwiYurophu naseRashiya. Babethandana nabantu abatyebileyo kunye nabahlali beendawo eziphakathi, abaye bamema amajelo ukuba banandwendwe kwiindwendwe kwiintlanganiso zoluntu. Ukuqaphela ukuba kulula kangakanani ukufumana imali, i-charlatans ipapasha iinkonzo zabo, ukunikela ukuba babe ngabaxhumanisi ekukhulumeni kunye nokufa emva kokufa. Ingxenye encinci yee-mediums iyakwazi ukudibanisa nomfi kwaye ibike iinkcukacha ezincinci zobomi bazo, izihlobo kunye nabahlobo abanommangaliso. Iiseshoni zokomoya azizange zihlale zihamba kakuhle: kwenzeka ukuba abo bathathi-nxaxheba bafa ngokukhawuleza kokuhluthwa okanye ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.
Kutheni u-Edison wayekholelwa ukuba i-dukhofon iya kusebenza?
Konke ubomi bakhe, uTomas wakha malunga nomsebenzi kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano. Zonke iindidi ze-modern-day ze-telegraph kunye nomnxeba waba yintsingiselo yobomi bakhe. Baye bamncenga kangangokuthi u-Edison wayekholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukudala umgca apho imimoya yabantu abasweleyo yayiza kufumana izihlobo eziphilayo. Ukuphazamiseka, kodwa akazange akholwe esihogweni nasezulwini, kwaye akazange akholelwe ekutshintsheni kwemiphefumlo. Ngexesha elifanayo, u-Edison wathi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba wayenentembelo ekusasazeni imiphefumlo kwimvelo emva kokuphela kobomi bomhlaba. Wayekwazi njani ukudibanisa ukungathembeki kwezenzululwazi kunye neengcamango ezingenangqondo malunga nokufa emva kokufa?
Ngo-Oktobha 1920, wathi esidlangalaleni ukuba umsebenzi waseDukhobon uqale. Ukulungiselela ukuveliswa, waqala ngokubhala kunye nomqambi waseBrithani uWilliam Cook, onolwazi olukhethekileyo lokuhlamba kwifestile yefoto. UWilliam akazange abonise nantoni na isithombe ngaphandle kukaTomas. Kubonakala ukuba, bayichukumisa inzululwazi kangangokuba wayekholelwa ebomini emva kokufa.
Ukuzithemba ngomgaqo womsebenzi we-telegraph oqhelekileyo, u-Edison wafika kwisigqibo sokuba ngokwemvelo lonke utshintshiselwano ngolwazi lwenzeka kwizinga le-electromagnetic level. UTomas waqonda ukuba konke okufunekayo kummangaliso yile fowuni yokuxhamla ingabonakalisa iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo kubo abo umoya wabo ude ushiye inyama. Iifowuni rhoqo iyancipha imiphefumlo engabonakaliyo.
Yayiyiphi i-dukhofon?
Xa umsebenzi kwi-device ukuthetha kunye nemimoya iphelile, uTomas wahlela inkomfa yenkomfa yangempela. Wabonisa iintatheli ze-dukhofon waza wabatshela ngaye. Kuthatha i-8 kg yegolide, i-20 kg yeesilivere kunye ne-200 g yeplatinum ukwenza loo nto. Olunye u-300 kg weethusi luye lusetyenziselwa imigca yocingo. I-ofisi yelungelo lobunikazi ngandlela-thile ihlolisise ukusebenza kwe-dukhofon kwaye ikhuphe i-patent ngokusetyenziswa kwayo. Emva koko, ifowuni yokulandelela i-perfume yalahleka kwimbali ...
Kutheni i-dukhofon yavala ngo-2009?
Kungekudala ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, u-Edison wavumelana nenjineli uWilliam Walter Dinuiddi ukuba umntu ofileyo wokuqala uya kubiza enye "kwelinye icala" aze achaze ngokucacileyo malunga nokufa emva kokufa. Akukho mntu owaziyo ukuba ifowuni yazaliseka kwaye zeziphi iziphumo zayo. Ngo-2004, i-Federal Patent Office yachonga amaxwebhu okugcinwa kwamaphepha eenkcukacha ezidlulileyo kunye nabasebenzi bayo bafumana ilungelo lobunikazi phantsi kwenani le-WW 345-S 444 elithetha ukuba i-dukhofon yayisebenza.
Usosayensi waseCanada uShemon Kagan, owathatha inxaxheba kwi-digitization, wafumana abaxhasi abayimfihlo, abakulungele ukunika i-$ 2 yezigidi ukukhangela isixhobo, ngaphandle kokuba bengabonakali. Ngubani na onokuba nomdla kule nkqubela kangangokuthi kufuneka afihle ubuni bawo? Kunamangqina ukuba phakathi kwabaxhasi banokuba neenkonzo ezizodwa okanye abefundisi abakhulu.
Imali inokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi, ngoko ke abaxhasi bahambisa ngokukhawuleza i-dukhofon, enye yagcinwa zizihlobo zakwa-Edison eDelhi, kwaye yesibini - kwiintsapho zikaDinuiddi, ohlala eNew York. I-Dukhofons yayingekho phantsi koxhumo kumnxeba, ngenxa yokuba ifom yangaphambili yayingapheliyo.
Ngo-2009, izazinzulu zanamuhla zakwazi ukudala i-adapter-device ukudibanisa i-Doukhofon kwifowuni yedijithali. Ebusuku busika, izazinzulu zenza enye yee-dukhofons, zixhobile ngeefowuni zokurekhoda iifowuni kunye neenzwa zokubeka iliso emisebeni yombane. Kodwa abazange bakwazi ukulala ngalobo busuku. Ukuqalwa kweefowuni zangempela kwaqala: babalwa okungenani amaqhekeza angama-120! Ukuze uqiniseke ngokunyaniseka kwabo, amaNgqina okwenzekayo ayekhetha ifowuni enye ngexesha.
"Hlala ngefowuni ngalobu busuku. Ndixhalabile. Usebenza kwishishini eliyingozi. "
Kwakuyizwi elicacileyo likagogo uShemon Kagan kwiphubhu.
Kakade ke, ngoku kutshanje kuthiwa izalamane zabasebenzi bebhoratri babizwa. Ngokomzekelo, uMaria Penrose, wayekwazi ukuthetha rhoqo nomama osele. Lo mfazi wayenomdla kubomi bentombi yakhe, wabelane kunye neendlela zokupheka kunye nokunika iingcebiso malunga nomsebenzi nobomi bomntu. Ndiyazibuza ukuba kungekudala kuya kubakho abantu abafuna ukuphinda bafunde amava osasazini kwiintsapho zabo?