Phakathi kwezityalo zemifuno, abaninzi banokuthobeka, badinga ukunakekelwa okuncinci kunye nokuchasene nezifo kunye neqhwa. Ezi zibhekwa njengeentlobo zee-anyanisi, ezalinywa ngumntu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-4 eyadlulayo. Namhlanje le nkcubeko ikhula ngokubanzi kwilizwekazi laseYurophu ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo.
Iintlobo zezona anyanisi
Le mifuno iyahlula kwiintlobo, ngokusekelwe kwinjongo yokulima kwayo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zee-anyanisi: kwimifuno kunye nentloko. Iintlobo zee-anyanisi kwizinto ezivumbayo kufuneka zibe neepeni elinenkani nelingenakuthobeka elifuna ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokuchumisa. Iintlobo apho iifestile zithela khona, zinike ukukhula okuncinci kunye nenkqubo engcambu. Kukho amanani ahlukeneyo:
- Uhlobo lwaseMzantsi nenyakatho . Ukuziqhelanisa nezimo ezifudumeleyo, imifuno ayigcinwanga kungekudala emva kokuvuna, kodwa iqukethe iswekile, ngoko iquka zonke iindidi ezinobumnandi. Kwiindawo ezibandayo, kunqweneleka ukutshala kuwo umhlaba ngokusebenzisa izityalo. Uhlobo olusentla lugcinwa ixesha elide kwaye lunomdla obukhali.
- Imiqathango yezityalo . Iminyaka yokuqala yokukhula ihamba phambili: ngelixa bekulungele ukuqokelela kwiintsuku ezingama-90-100, inkqubo ephakathi ithatha iintsuku ezingama-120 kumyinge, kwaye okokugqibela kuthatha iintsuku ezili-130.
- Inani lezidleki . Ngenani leebhule ezingakhula kwisihlamba esisodwa, zahluke: ezincinci (iintloko ezi-1-2), ubukhulu obuphakathi (3-4 iintloko) kunye ne-multi-cavity (5 okanye ngaphezulu).
I-Onion Sturon - Iinkcazelo ezihlukeneyo
Ukuqhubela phambili kwinto yokuba iintlobo ze-hybride zilula ukuhlala kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukuthandwa kweSturon kuyaqondwa. Le yintlobo yeziDatshi zama-anyanisi osisigxina, okwenza unyaka wesibili unike iintloko ezilingana ne-150-250 gr. Ngelo xesha, indlela yokulima yonyaka ifanelekile. Iibhola ezigqityiweyo zinomxholo ojikelezayo kunye nentamo enqabileyo esomileyo kunye nezantsi. Ukulima kwabo kunempawu ezinjalo:
- Ukuhluma kuvunwa ngonyaka, ngoko ke abo bafuna umboniso omkhulu wetafile kufuneka balungiselele ukulinda ixesha elide.
- Inkcazo yeentlobo zee-anyanisi, uSturon ugxininisa ekutyaleni ngoMatshi-uEpreli. Ukulungeleka ukuhluma, intambo kunye ne-seedling okanye imbewu ixutywe okanye ifakwe kwiingubo ezimanzi iintsuku ezingama-2-3.
- Umhlaba wokutyala ulungiselelwe kwangaphambili, ulwahlula iifolo kunye nokuwagubungela nge-peat okanye i-humus, ubunqamlezo obungafaneleki ngaphezu kwe-3 cm.
- Ukufezekisa isivuno esiphezulu, umhlaba uxutywe ngesanti kwaye utyiswa rhoqo.
I-Carmen Onion - Ukuchazwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo
Iindidi ezibomvu ziqala ukuvuthwa zifakwa kwiladidi kwaye zongezwa ngexesha lokuhlamba. Le yile mveliso yomsebenzi wabalimi baseDatshi, njengoSturon. UCarmen uthathwa njengento yokuqala yokuvuthwa, okwenza ukuba sikwazi ukukhula kwifestile ekhaya. Ehlabathini evulekile kwaye evaliweyo, i-anyanisi ezinjenge-Carmen zikhula kakuhle, zilandela iziphakamiso zabalimi abanamava anamava:
- Ukukhethwa kwemifuno yokutyala kwangaphambili. Unyaka ngaphambi kokuba ufike kwiindawo ezifanayo, kufuneka ukhule amazambane, i-legumes okanye utamatisi - zisusa kwizinto ezisemhlabeni ezinobungozi kwiibhubhu.
- Umhlaba omhlaba. Inqanaba le-Ph lomhlaba lingasuswa kwinqanaba elifunayo ngokufaka ijusi yemonisi ukuchumisa ngaphambi kokuhlwayela.
- Njengoko isichumisi, i-ash ash kunye nesisombululo se-sulfate sethusi sisetyenziswa.
- Ezi sixhenxe zolu hlobo lwee-anyanisi iintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokutyala, zifudumale kwibhetri okanye kuhlamba amanzi.
Ukuveliswa kweCarmen kuphakamileyo kakhulu: ukuba ubala inani le-1 hektare, ke umyinge wama-150-170 quintals, kwaye ukusuka kwisikwere esinye semitha ingaqokelelwa ukusuka kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-2.5 kg, konke kuxhomekeke kwi-agrotechnics yokulima, iimeko, ukunakekelwa.
I-Red Baron Bow - Inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo
I-Baron yokuqala ebomvu ibomvu i-Red Baron kulula ukukhula ukusuka kwimbewu kunezinye iintlobo. Yingombolo yonyaka, ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivunye phantse kuzo zonke izimo zemozulu. Inkcazo ye-anyanisi e-Red Baron idonsa bonke abalimi bemifuno: kwiphumo elinokwenzeka ukuba bafumane iziqhamo ezinomlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwe-200 gr, kunye nezikali ezinombala obomvu. Kwikamelo elomileyo, isivuno sigcinwa ngaphandle kweengxaki kuze kube yintwasahlobo elandelayo. Ukunyuka kweentlobo zezityalo kufuma:
- Ukutyala kumhlaba ocebileyo, ungenalo udongwe, ngesantya se-2 cm kwimbewu kunye no-3-4 - ukuhlwayela.
- Uhlobo lwe-anyanisi luyakuthatyathwa ngohlobo lwe-Oktobha kwindawo yokugcina utywala kunye nokulawulwa komoya.
- Iibhakethi ezimbini ze-quality peat kunye ne-5 g ye- nitrate ye- potassium zongezwa kwibhedi enye, ngaphandle kokuba i-anyanisi ingena epeni , kwaye ingabi kwi-turnip.
- Isityalo esisityebi siya kunika igadi engenelanga ngaphandle kokhula.
I-Hercules Onion - Iintlobo ezichaziweyo
I-anyanisi yasebusika i-Hercules ithathwa njengezilwanyana ezilondolozwe ixesha elide, ngoko kuyawuthandwa ngamafama kunye nevenkile. Kwiinyanga ezili-12 akalahlekelwa yintyatyambo, akayi kubola kwaye athobe. Kuyamangalisa isivuno saso esiphakamileyo: ukusuka kwimiyezo enye yemifuno apho i-Hercules anyanisi ityalwe khona, ukuqokelela i-turnips ye-6-10 ye-turnips ithembisa ukuba kuchazwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Yakha inombolo yeereyibhile phakathi kwazo zonke iindidi zegolide. Phakathi kwezinto eziphambili zeHercules zi:
- ukukhusela ukubola nokubonakala kobuhlungu;
- Iingcambu ezinamandla zolu hlobo lwe-anyanisi, ezisinda kwisilala esinzima;
- ubunokwenzeka bokukhula okukhulayo kumhlaba abandayo ngaphambi koqhwa.
Bow Cupido - Uhlobo oluchaziweyo
Inzuzo enkulu yeCapeido yinto evuke kakhulu, ukususela kwiintsuku ezingama-75 ukuya kwii-80 ukusuka ekuveleni ukuya kuvuna. Kulo hlobo lwe-anyanisi, ukusila akusifunayo: imbewu ihlonyelwe ukutyala, apho iyakwazi ukuvuna izityalo ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka phantsi kwemozulu efanelekileyo. Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zokukhula kweCapeido zi:
- Imbewu ihlwayelwa kuqala kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"nnail" (isiponji se-foam) okanye iikomityi.
- Ngaphambi kokutyala, bavavanywa kwi-saline. Imbewu ye-pop-up ithathwa ingenanto kwaye ayisebenzisi.
- Iintlobo zeepiyo ze-Cupido azixhatshali kwiibanda. Kwiindawo ezisenyakatho ebusika zinyuka kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo ngokukhanya okukhulu.
I-Onion Centurion - Iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo
I-centurion inamakhanda amancinci afanelekileyo okubamba ngaphandle kokufuna ukusika i-turnip enkulu. Umnsalo wokuqala wokuvuthwa we-Centurion unzima kakhulu: uvame ukugcinwa ubusika ukuze ukhule ukusuka entwasahlobo inyanisi ukuya kwimifino. Ukubonakala kwebhub kungachazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- umlo ovalwe ngezantsi;
- kwi-turnip nganye - intamo emncinci, ukukhusela kwii-microbes kunye nezicatshulwa;
- ubuchule obuphakathi;
- amagqabi ombala wegolide obomvu;
- Amacwecwe amhlophe anemibala emhlophe.
I-Onion Turbo - Iintsholongwane
Iindwendwe zeTurbo ziyakuthanda ukuvuthwa kwayo kwangoko kunye nobukhulu obukhulu be-turnips - ngasinye siba nesisindo esingama-140 amagremu. Ngelo xesha, i-Turbo ifana nohlobo lwe-anyanisi, okuza kuhlwayelwa, okwenzela ipeni, inokungalungi:
- Izihluma zokubumba ezimbini zithatha ukubola xa enye yazo ichaphazelekayo;
- iibrabhu ezingapheliyo zonakalisa phambi kwekota;
- ukukhutshwa kwamagciwane e-onion fly.
I-onion Stuttgarre Riesen
I-Stuttgarter Riesen, ngokubhekiselele kwiindidi ezivuthiweyo, zenziwe ngabalimi baseJamani bobabini basekhaya basebenzi. Inkcazo yee-anyanisi ezahlukeneyo i-Stuttgart inemiqondiso emininzi yohlobo:
- ifom yefetiphi;
- bunzima ukuya kuma-200 g;
- Umbala uhluka ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya kumdaka ophakathi;
- Iinambatho ezinomsila;
- umxholo ophezulu we potassium.
Iindidi ze-anyanisi ze-Shetana
NjengoCarmen, uStana unxinzelele kakhulu kwizityalo zemifuno, ekhula ebhedeni phambi kwakhe. Abaphambili bakhe bangcono ukukhetha imifuno okanye i-nightshade, kodwa ingekho ikhukhamba okanye igalikhi. Ukwazi ukuba oko kubonakala ngathi isaphetha seShetan, inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ingamelwa ngale ndlela:
- ukwesaba ukutyiliswa okunamandla, ngenxa yeentsiba ziphendukile ezimhlophe;
- ngexesha lokukhula, 2-3 iimpahla ezongezelelweyo zifunekayo;
- Ukutyala kuyimfuneko ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli okanye ngasekupheleni kweKwindla, i-anyanisi yokuvuthwa ihamba phambili;
- isivuno si-4 kg ukusuka kwisikwere esingu-1. m;
- ukukhula kwempompo kufuna ihlabathi loamy.
I-Corrado anyanisi - Uhlobo oluchaziweyo
I-Corrado - inceba yonke, efanelekile ukuvunwa kwe-turnips kunye nemifino. Ukuvuna kudla ngokuphangaleleyo ebusika, nokuba phantsi kweemeko zokugcina izinto ezimbi: entwasahlobo kulolu hlobo lwe-anyanisi ukuhlwayelwa kuya kuba semgangathweni ngaphandle kokubola imibala. Phakathi kwezinye izinto zeCorrado:
- uhlobo olujikelezayo kunye nobukhulu obukhulu be-turnips;
- i-husk ephindwe kabini, inxamnye nomonakalo owenziwe ngomonakalo;
- ukukrakra okungabalulekanga - ikhadi lebhizinisi leentlobo zee anyanisi;
- isamba esomeleyo sishiya ngexesha lokucubungula.
Iintlobo zee-anyanisi zeBamberger
Uhlobo oluthile lokunyanga olubizwa ngokuba yiBamberger lithetha imifuno etafuleni. Ama-bulbs afanelwe i-oval asiqinganga ngaphezu kwama-80 g kwaye ahlala ehlaziyekileyo kwisandla xa lucwecwe. Ngokugcinwa ixesha elide lokuhlwayelwa, azinqabile ukuba zifakwe ngumbumba kwaye zikhulelwe ngokubola. I-anyanisi eluhlaza kwiintlobo zeBamberger ayilungile: ayixhatshazelanga ukudibanisa imicibisholo, ngaphandle kokuba ikhula kancane. Inemisebenzi emininzi:
- ukuguga kwasekuqaleni;
- ukhetho lwe-peat kunye nenhlabathi ye-sandy loamy;
- iingcambu ezinobuthakathaka, ezonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokukrazula;
- Olu hlobo lwee-anyanisi olufana nesichumisi ngendlela ye-mullein;
- Ukukhula kuyayeka ukuthambisa.
I-anyi Stardust - Uhlobo oluchaziweyo
I-anyanisi emhlophe yohlobo lwe-Stardust liguqulelwa kwisiNgesi ngokuthi "uthuli lwenkwenkwezi", apho lubukeka ngathi. Iipiripu ezimhlophe kunye nomama-we-pearl ezikhanyayo izikali ezilingana nama-40-60 amagremu anomnatha ogqithisileyo kunye ne-pulp. Zinjalo iintlobo ze-anyanisi njengeStstast kulula ukunyamekela:
- Ukutyala emhlabathini ovulekile, kunye nakwiibhokisi zegumbi ezifanelekileyo ama-bulb amakhulu ngaphandle komonakalo okanye imbewu ephilileyo kunye nobomi obuqhelekileyo.
- Imbewu ichithwa ngamanzi afudumele ama-2-3 iiyure, ize ityalwe emhlabathini.
- Ukungakhutshwa kwe-plantings ukulwa nezifo kuthathwa kanye ngenyanga: ngenxa yoko, i-10 ilitha yamanzi ixutywe kunye ne-20 g ye-permanganate ye-potassium.
Iintlobo zee-anyanisi zitsho
I-Shalot inamagama amaninzi: ubizwa ngokuba ngumlumbi, i-charlotte, i-kuschevka okanye i-carpet. Olu hlobo lwe-anyanisi yokuvuthwa ngaphambi kwe-anyanisi, lubonwa njengentsapho: isebe elinye likhula ngamasebe amaninzi ngeentolo, eziqinisekisa ukuvuna okuphezulu nakwi-ovary esezantsi. Kusuka kwelinye ibhubhu phantsi komqathango wokuchumisa umhlaba, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ama-bulbs angama-40 egxile ekufumaneni imbewu, kungekhona iintolo. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-shallots ithathwa njengoluhlobo lweehlisi, imifuno yabo izaliswe ngamavithamini C no-K. Ukuze ungahlwayelanga izityalo, kubalulekile ukulandela imeko efanelekileyo yokushiya:
- Ukuzaliswa kwembewu kuthathwa njengento ephambili. Batsalwa ngokukhawuleza emhlabathini, ngokugqithisa ukutshintshwa kweepate.
- Emva kokutyala imbewu iyancitywa kwaye iphinda iphindwe le nkqubo ngenani eliphindwe kabini ngenyanga.
- Ngeminyaka yokulima, i-Shallot ifana neentlobo zee-anyanisi ezibomvu: iyancipha kancane, igule kwaye ilahlekelwe yintle. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto zokutyala kusetyenziswa imbewu entsha, kodwa ingahlwayelanga.