Phakathi kwezifo zesifo se-thyroid, eziya kuba zixhaphake kwiminyaka yamuva, enye yeyona yingozi kakhulu i-papillary carcinoma. Oku kuhlalutya izandi ezisongela isigulane, kodwa enyanisweni, unyango luphumelele ngolu hlobo lwezilwanyana, ukuba luboniswe ekuqaleni.
Papillary carcinoma - yintoni na?
I-Papillary carcinoma i-neoplasm eyenza izicubu ze-thyroid gland ngendlela ye-cyst okanye i-tumor. Ngokuqhelekileyo enye yeengxenye zelungu zichaphazelekayo. Ininzi yezigulane ezixilongwa ngaba bafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwe-50 ubudala, nangona isifo asizange samkele abantwana. Ukwanda kweemeko zolu hlobo lomhlaza kukhula kumazwe athuthukileyo, kodwa kukho ukuba kungenzeka ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe obuvumela ukufunyanwa kwezidumbu ezincinci ezingaphiliyo.
I-thyroid gland iyona nxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-endocrine system, ephantsi kwentamo engaphambili, evelisa i-hormone echaphazelekayo ekulawuleni ukuphefumula, umsebenzi we-cardia, i-hematopoiesis, ukugaya, ukugcina ukushisa komzimba kunye nokunye. I-Cancer ye-thyroid ikhokelela ekuphazamiseni inkqubo kwi-body, kwaye xa isasazeka kwezinye iimbumba, ixanduva lokunyamekela.
I-iron-papillary carcinoma
I-papillary thyroid carcinoma yenziwa ngaphakathi kwilungu ukusuka kumathambo enobulunga obuhle aqala ukuguquka okungalawulwayo. I-neoplasm inxinxu, eneentlobo ezininzi zeepillae, kwicandelo lombala obomvu. Iiseli zesifo esinjalo cishe asifani naso sempilweni, ngokubhekiselele kuloo nto ikwahlula kakhulu. I-Papillary carcinoma ikhula ngokukhawuleza, i-activist iqalisa ukuhlaziywa kwamathambo. Ekuqaleni, i-tumor iyiselula, ukuxhathisa kubonakala xa ikhula i-lymph nodes.
I-Papillary carcinoma - i-follicular variant
Olu luhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-papillary carcinoma, lubonwa njengento enobudlova, kodwa zihlandlo ezincinci eziqhelekileyo. Isakhiwo se-tumor kule meko siqulethe iiseli zengqondo eziqulethe i-colloid substance kunye ne-hormone ye-thyroid, ngokukhula okungavamile kweso sakhiwo. Kubonakala, lo luhlobo olujikeleziweyo lujikelezwe yipsule (fibrous capsule) (i-papillary thyroid carcinoma). I-tumor iyancipha ukuba ihlume kwii-lymph nodes, iinqwelo ezijikeleze izicubu, zihlala zixhamla kwiindawo ezikude.
Iingxaki zeChrotic Cancer
Iingcali zichonga ezi zinto zilandelayo ezibangelwa ngumdlavuza we-thyroid:
- iindawo eziza kuzaliswa kwiintlobo;
- ukusilela kwe-iodine emzimbeni ;
- ukuchithwa kwimizila emisebe yelanga;
- unyango lwamayeza entanyeni nentloko;
- izingozi zomsebenzi (umphumo wezinyithi ezinzima, ukushisa okuphezulu);
- uxinzelelo;
- imikhwa emibi;
- ezinye iintsholongwane ezingapheliyo (izifo zentlobano yesini yesini, i-hormone-dependance tumors, ii-polyps of rectum, i- multinodular goiter );
- bahlala kwindawo ephilileyo.
Umhlaza wesifo se-thyroid - iimpawu
Kwangexesha elide, i-thyroid carcinoma ye-papillary ayikwazi ukuzibonakalisa nayiphi na enye (nangona iminyaka emininzi), kwaye kumanqanaba okuqala okuphuhliswa kakubi kwesisu, umntu akakwazi nto. Kuphela xa ubukhulu bezityalo ezithile zifikile, xa kunokwenzeka ukuyihlola, ukungahambi kakuhle kuvela:
- ukuvakala kwezwi ;
- ukukhwehlela;
- ukuvakalelwa rhoqo "kwesikhumba" emqaleni, xa kunzima xa uginya kunye nokucinyca intamo;
- ukudibanisa kunye nokukhathazeka kwi-thyroid gland;
- ukwanda kwimilo yecervical nodes ukusuka kwicala lesilonda;
- ukuphefumula.
Ezi zimpawu aziqwalaselwa kwaye zifana nezibonakaliso zokubanda, i-tonsillitis. Inkalo yabo eyahlukileyo kukuba iimpawu zokuqala ziphawulwe ixesha elide. Njengoko i-tumor ikhula kunye neeseli zomhlaza zisasazeka kwiisuncu ezimelwane, ezinye iimpawu zivela:
- buthathaka;
- ukukhupha;
- ngxamele ukutya;
- ukunyuka komzimba;
- ukulahlekelwa kweenwele;
- ukukhwehlela, intlungu.
Ipapillary thyroid carcinoma - izigaba
Ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu, ukusabalalisa kwe-tumor, ubukho be-metastases, i-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid ingafakwa njengenye yeendlela zokuphuhlisa:
- Isigaba I - ubukhulu be-tumor abudluli kwi-2 cm, iiseli azidibanisi, i-metastases ayikho;
- Isigaba sesi- 2 - ububanzi be-neoplasm bufikelela ku-2-4 cm, ngelixa lingahambi ngaphaya kwemiqathango yelungu kwaye aliniki ii-metastases;
- Isigaba se-III - isisu esingaphezu kwe-4 cm, sidlula ngaphaya kwe-thyroid, igxininisa i-trachea kunye nezicubu eziseduze, i-soldering nayo, i-metastase ivela kwi-lymph nodes;
- Umgangatho we-IV - i-neoplasm ifinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu, iyancipha kwiindawo ezikufutshane, i-thyroid gland iyaba yinto engaxhamliyo, i-metastase ifunyenwe kwiindawo ezisondele kunye nezikude.
I-Papillary carcinoma - i-metastases
Ukukhula kwe-serous carcinoma yama-papillary kunokuvelisa i-metastases - yesibini ephambili ye-foci ehambisa i-lymphogenously okanye ngegazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-metastases ifumaneka kwiimpawu kunye nezicubu:
- i-lymphonoduses;
- imiphunga;
- izicubu zethambo lembambo;
- vertebrae thoracic;
- amathambo enkayi;
- ingqondo;
- isibindi;
- izigulana
- mathumba.
Ukuxela ukuba ubukho beemastastases bunokwenzeka ngeempawu:
- intlungu emathanjeni, emthonjeni;
- ukukhwehlela ngokukhutshwa kwegazi;
- migraine intloko;
- ukuwohloka kombono;
- ukuhlanza;
- i-jaundice;
- behla kwixinzelelo legazi nabanye.
Umhlaza wesifo se-thyroid - ukuxilongwa
I-thyroid gland i-endocrinologist ingabonakalisa i-palpation, kodwa kuphela xa ifinyelele ububanzi be-1 cm okanye ngaphezulu kwaye ayikho into ejulile kwimicu ye-gland. Ukongezelela, unokrokrela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo ngokuziva i-lymph nodes, ekule meko kwanda ngobukhulu. Ukuxilonga umdlavuza kwaye uzimisele uhlobo lwawo, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa:
- Isifundo kunye ne-iodine yama-radioactive, apho iindawo ezincitshisiweyo ezinomsebenzi othotyelwe ngayo.
- Ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasonic - ukubona iifom elele kwiindawo ezingenakulinganiswa.
- Ikhompyutheni kunye nomfanekiso-mfanekiso wokuhlaziya umbane - kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya umlinganiselo kunye nokukhula komhlaza.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi kuma-hormone - kuvumela ukuqikelela ukusebenza kwe-thyroid gland, ukuchaza isimo se-hormonal.
- Indlela echanekileyo yindlela efanelekileyo ye-needle aspiration biopsy . Ngethuba le nkqubo ephazamisayo, inxalenye encinci ye-tumor iqokelelwa ngokugqithiswa. Ukuqhubela phambili, i-biomaterial ixhomekeke kwi-cytological and histological laboratory study ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlobo, isigaba kunye nobukhulu be-pathology. Umfanekiso we-cytological of papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid gland ibonakaliswe yizinto ezilandelayo:
- ubungakanani beselula - ukusuka kwi-1 mm ukuya kwiiyentimitha ezimbalwa;
- Isiqhumane sinamasebe anesiseko se-tiscularized tissue base;
- Amasebe e-tumor ahlanganiswe nge-cylindrical and cubic epithelium;
- i-nucleus yeseli igcwele i-chromatin;
- kunokwenzeka ukuba kugcinwe imizimba ye-basophilic and calcified mass;
- iiseli ze-tumor papillary zisebenza ngokungasebenzi;
- akukho nto ikwahlula i-mitotic yeeseli.
I-papillary thyroid carcinoma - unyango
Ekubeni lolu hlobo lwesisu aluxhomekekanga kakhulu kwiyeza zonyango, unyango lomhlaza we-thyroid luxhomekeka kwiinkalo ezinjalo:
- ukungenelela ngoncedo, ukunikezela ngokukodwa okanye ngokukodwa kwintsimbi (thyroidectomy);
- ukusetyenziswa kwe-iode ye-radioactivity emva kokususwa kweethambo ezichaphazelekayo, ezitholwa emzimbeni (ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngomlomo) kwaye ngokukhethekileyo kubangele ukufa kweeseli zomhlaza zesele;
- i-chemotherapy - ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinobungozi ezinefuthe elimazayo kwiiseli ezichaphazelekayo, ezenziwa kwimeko yemetastases kwezinye izitho;
- i-hormone ye-substitution therapy, ngokusekelwe kulawulo lwe-thyroxine;
- ukusetyenziswa kwamamineral complexes kunye namavithamini;
- ukutya okusekelwe ekunciphiseni ekudleni kokutya kwe-iodine, ushukela, ityuwa, i-vitamin A.
I-Papillary carcinoma iyasebenza
Unyango lwe-papillary carcinoma ngendlela yokusebenza eyenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. Ukuba ubukhulu belilonda aludluli enye ipentimitha, kunokwenzeka ukuba ususe iqela. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukususa ngokupheleleyo i-gland, izicubu ezichaphazelekayo kunye nama-lymph nodes. Ukuba i-carcinoma ihlume kwi-trachea kwaye ichukumise i-laryngeal nererve, ithathwa njengingenakusebenza, kwaye i-irradiated. Ukongezelela, i-papillary carcinoma ayinakuxhomekeka ekukhutshweni kwamanzi kunye neemeko ezinzulu zentsholongwane kunye neenkqubo ze-cardiovascular systems.
Umdlavuza we-thyroid we-papillary - unyango kunye namanyathelo omntu
Ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lwe-thyland or follicular of thy papillry thyroid carcinoma, akukho zindlela eziqhelekileyo ezinokuthi zitshintshe unyango lwendabuko. Kuphela njengesongezelelo kunye nemvume kadokotela, ezinye iindlela zingasetyenziswa. Ngoko, iipilisi zenkcubeko zincoma i-tea, enegazi lokuhlanjululwa kunye nepropotective properties.
Liselo lithetha
Izithako:
- Umbala we-linden - itafile e-1. isipuni;
- Umbala we-Elderberry - itafile e-1. isipuni;
- amahlumela e-guelder-rose - 1 itafile. isipuni;
- ushiya umhlonyane - itafile e-1. isipuni;
- ushiya i-celandine - itafile e-1. isipuni.
Ukulungiselela nokusetyenziswa
- Xhuma iirebe, xuba.
- Thela isipuni seqoqo sokuqokelela ngeglasi yamanzi abilayo, gqubuthela ngesimbozo.
- Imizuzu elishumi kamva.
- Phuza kwisisu esingenalutho kusasa ngesigama seyure ngaphambi kokutya.
I-Papillary thyroid carcinoma - i-prognosis
Phakathi kwezigulane apho i-thyroid carcinoma ipapillary is diagnostic, izinga lokusinda eliyiminyaka eyi-10 okanye ngaphezulu li malunga ne-90%, ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunye nokunyangwa okufanelekileyo. Ukuba isifo sifumaneka kwinqanaba lesibini, izinga leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda emva kokonyango ngu-55%, kwisigaba sesithathu-35%, kwaye kwisigaba sesine-15%. Ukuxhamla kwe-prognosis, ukongeza kwinqanaba lesi sifo kunye nokwanela unyango, luthonywe ngumlinganiselo wesigulane, imeko epheleleyo yendalo kunye nokugcinwa kwendlela yokuphila enempilo.