Iqumrhu elidibeneyo lobungakanani obuncinci kunye nobunzima bama-13 gram, i-adrenal gland, ibhekisela kwiingcingo zangaphakathi. Iingqungquthela zifumaneka, ngokulandelanayo, kwiintso ezilungileyo kunye nekhohlo. Ezi nkonzo ezingenakunceda "abancedisi" zidlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni ngokuqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yesantya kunye nempilo yendalo yonke.
Iindawo ze-correnx ne-hormone yazo
I-Anatomically, eli lilungu liqukethe iimbumba ezimbini (i-cerebral and cortical substance), ezilawulwa yinkqubo ye-nervous central. IiHormones ze-correl ne-adrenal kunye nempembelelo yazo ekutshintshelweni komzimba kwiimeko ezixinzeleleyo, ukulawulwa kweempawu zayo zesondo akunakuncitshiswa. Ukungabikho okanye ukungaphaya kwemfihlo eyimfihlo kubangela ingozi kwimpilo nangobomi bomntu. I-correnx ye-adrenal iyahlula kwiindawo ezintathu:
- mesh;
- ibhokhwe;
- glomerular.
IiHormones ze-cortex ye-mesh ye-correx ye-adrenal
Le sayithi inegama layo ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo ngendlela yesikhonkwane esilungeleyo esakhiwe ngamafayili weethambo ze-epithelial. I-hormone ephezulu ye-reticulum ye-adrenal gland ngu-androstenedione, ehambelana ne-testosterone ne-estrogen. Ngokwemvelo yayo, ibuthakathaka ngakumbi kune-testosterone kwaye iyona mfihlelo yindoda esemzimbeni. Ukususela kumgangatho walo kuxhomekeke ekubunjweni nasekuphuhlisweni kweempawu zesondo zesibini. Ukunciphisa okanye ukwanda kwindleko ye-androstenedione kumzimba wesetyhini kukhokelela ekuphuhliseni izifo ze-endocrine:
- ukungasebenzi kwemisebenzi yesondo;
- ukuqaliswa kokubonakaliswa kwezici zobunqunu (ukunyuka kwentsimbi, ukwehla kwezwi);
- iingxaki zokukhulelwa kunye nesisu.
Ngokufanayo kwimpembelelo ye-dehydroepiandrosterone, evelisa ikhava ephantsi, ithatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo kwimveliso yeprotheni. Ngoncedo lwaso, abagijimi bayandisa amandla omzimba.
IiHormoni zommandla omeleyo we-correnx ye-adrenal
IiHormones ze-correl ye-adrenal yemvelo ye-steroid zenziwe ngumbutho wecala leli candelo. Ezi ziquka i-cortisone kunye ne- cortisol . Ezi zi-glucocorticoids zithatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokuxilongwa:
- kusebenze ukubunjwa kwe-glucose;
- ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokwahlula amafutha, iiprotheni;
- ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kunye nokuphendula komzimba;
- bonisa umonakalo obonakalayo we-excitatory kwi-system ye-nervous;
- ukwandisa i-acidity gastric acidity;
- kugcina i-tissue ecocekileyo;
- ukuvimbela umkhuhlane kunye neemfuno zomzimba (ukukhulelwa);
- lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi;
- ukwandisa ukungabikho kokuxinezeleka kunye neemeko zokutshatyalaliswa.
IiHormones zendawo ye-glomerular ye-correx ye-adrenal - imisebenzi yabo
I-correnx ye-adrenal ivelisa i-hormone elawula ukulinganisela kwamanzi-electrolyte. Ziyaziwa ngokuba yi-mineralocorticoids kwaye zihlanganiswa kummandla we-glomerular. Imveliso ephambili yeli qela yi-aldosterone, umsebenzi owenzela ukwandisa ukungena kwamanzi kunye ne-sodium emacaleni kunye nokunciphisa izinga le-potassium ezintso, ezilinganisa umlinganiselo walezi zimbiwa zamatriki ezimbini. Inqanaba eliphezulu le-aldosterone linye yezalathisi zokuphuhliswa ngokunyanisekileyo kwingcinezelo yegazi.
IiHormones ze-correnx-adreal-tests
Ukuxilonga ezinye izifo okanye ukungasebenzi komzimba we-endocrine, i-genitourinary kunye ne-system ye-nervous, oogqirha banikezela iimvavanyo ze-biolevel egazini lama-hormone e-correnx ye-adrenal. Ukuhlolwa kwelebhulegi kunceda ukuchonga izizathu zokuphulwa komsebenzi kwinkqubo yeenxalenye kula maxesha alandelayo:
- uvakalelo lwengqondo;
- rhu lumente;
- ukuziphatha kwengcinezelo;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala kunye nobuthathaka obungapheliyo;
- utshintsho kwinqanaba le-glucose;
- buzele buhlungu;
- iimpawu zokuguga kwangaphambili;
- i-oncology.
Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwama-hormone kwi-correnx ye-adrenal ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimeko kunye nokunyuka kwe-etiology kunye nezifo zesikhumba. Ngenxa yokuthambekela komzimba wesibhakabhaka ukupheliswa kokukhawuleza kokukhulelwa, isifundo senziwa kwinqanaba le dehydroepiandrosterone. Ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa inani le-cortisol kunye ne-aldosterone yinkcazo yezilwanyana ezinzulu. Ukuxilongwa ngokubanzi kunokwenziwa kuphela ngumfundi we-endocrinologist owaziwayo. Akuyi kuba yinto enqabileyo yokubonisana nomdlavuza wezifo zentsholongwane.
Imithetho ebalulekileyo yophando:
- Ucingo lwegazi eliyingozi kwindawo yesigulane isetyenziswe kusasa.
- Akuvumelekile ukuba udle kwaye uphuze ngaphambi kokuqala inkqubo.
Ummiselo wokukhutshwa kwama-hormone we-correx ye-adrenal
Ukuphuhliswa kwenani elithile le-steroid lilawulwa yi-pituitary gland kunye ne-hypothalamus. I-adrenocorticotropic hormone isebenza ukubunjwa kwamahomoni nge-correnx ye-adrenal. Inqanaba elinyukayo le-glucocorticoids linyusa ukunyuka kwimveliso ye-ACTH yi-hypothalamus. Kwiyeza, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "impendulo." I-hormone yesondo ye-correnx (i-androgens) ye-adrenal ihlanganiswa phantsi kwefuthe le-ACTH ne-LH (i-hormone ye-luteinizing). Ukunciphisa ukukhuselwa kubangela ukulibaziseka ekuphuculweni ngokwesondo. Ibhalansi ye-hormonal yomzimba ngqo kuxhomekeke kumsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo:
- i-pituitary gland;
- hypothalamus;
- i-cortex yesigungu se-endocrine.
Ukulungiswa kwamahomoni e-correnx ye-adrenal
Ezinye izifo zesistim okanye iinkqubo ezinokuvutha kakhulu azikwazi ukunyanga ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ze-hormonal. Ukunyanzeliswa kliniki yabo indima ebalulekileyo ekunyanga izifo zesifo se-rheumatic, isifo sokugula kunye nesifo esithintekayo. I-hormone yendalo ye-correl ye-adrenal imodeli yendalo kwaye imiselwe kwinani lamatyala njengoluphi unyango oluthile okanye njengesilwanyana esinamandla esinokutsha.
Iyona edume kakhulu kwiindlela zonyango ngamachiza alandelayo:
- Prednisolone ;
- Hydrocortisone;
- Dexamethasone;
- Cortisone;
- Methylprednisolone;
- Deoxy cortex.
Icandelo leyeza leyeza livelisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zamachiza ngokusetyenziswa kwendawo kunye nokusetyenziswa jikelele. Ukwelashwa kwexesha elide kunye neziyobisi ze-hormone akunqabile kwaye kuphela kwiimeko zokubaluleka kakhulu ngenxa yokuvela kwimeko "ye-withdrawal syndrome" kunye nemiphumo emibi. Ukwamkelwa kwezi zonyango kufuna ulawulo oluqinileyo lweengcali ezincinci zengxelo.