Ukucaciswa kwe-lens kumanqanaba okuqala kunokunyangwa ngonyango. Kwinqanaba elithatha ixesha elide, ukuphazamiseka komfanekiso kwenzeka kunye nombono wancitshiswa. Kule meko, isisombululo kuphela ukususa i-cataract. Ukuba ingenelelo lotyando luyenziwa ngugqirha onolwazi, kwaye yonke imimiselo iboniswa, ukubuyiswa kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza.
I-cataract isuswe njani?
Kwiindlela zonyango ezisebenzisayo zokulwa nomqathango onjalo wokugula. Izindlela zokuqhuba imisebenzi yokususa i-cataracts zixhomekeka kwiimpawu zesifo. Kukho iintlobo zokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo:
- I-ultrasonic phacoemulsification. Le ndlela yindlela ethembekileyo yokususwa kwecataract. Isetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana. Ukuchaneka okuncinci (3 mm) kwenziwa kwi-cornea, ekuqhutyelwa kuyo yonke into eyenziwa.
- I laser. Isixhobo sifakwa ngecandelo elincinci kwi-cornea. Isithintelo sitshabalalisa indawo eyonakaliswe yilensi.
- Utshintshi olongezelelweyo. Olu msebenzi lubuhlungu kakhulu kunokuba utyando lwe-laser. Emva kokunqunyulwa kwe-10-mm, umnqweno ususwe, i-crystal sac ihlambulukileyo kwaye ifakwe i-implant.
- Ukukhutshwa kwe-Intracapsular. I-lens kunye ne-capsule zisuswe, kwaye ukufakelwa kusekwe kuloo ndawo.
Ukuhlinzwa kweCataract
Ukwenza le nkqubo, akudingeki ukuba ulinde deze i-"ithele". Le nkqubo inokulibaziseka ixesha elide, kwaye umphefumlo wesigulane uya kuzaliswa ngeenguqu ezingathandekiyo: akunakwenzeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo, ufumane emva kwesondo kwaye wenze ezinye izenzo. Ingcambu iya kutshintsha yonke into yokususa i-cataracts. Inzuzo enenzuzo:
- khu seleko;
- intlungu (eyenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia);
- ncinane;
- ixesha elifutshane lokuvuselela;
- ukuphola ngokukhawuleza njalo njalo.
Ungasusa njani i-cataract nge-laser?
Olu hlobo lotyando luneenzuzo ezininzi kwaye zilapha ezinye zazo:
- Ukususwa kweCataract nge-laser - "ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwegama".
- Ukulawula phezu kwexesha lotyando lwenziwa ngugqirha kwi-monitor, ngoko ke amaphutha ayabandakanywa. Iskrini sibonisa umzekelo we-3-dimensional yelihlo.
- Ukuchaneka okuphezulu (ukuya kwi-micron 1): akukho ugqirha onokuzibonela angakwazi ukufeza oku ngezandla zakhe. I-laser ishukumisa ngokukhawuleza izicubu. Eli candelo lizimeleyo kwaye liqiniseke ngokukhawuleza. Kwanokunqunyulwa kweesetyhula kunokwenziwa yi-laser.
- Inikeza ukulungiswa okuthembekileyo kwilensi yokufakelwa kunye nokugxininisa kwendawo. Esi siphumo siqhubeka iminyaka emininzi.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwendlela yokuhlinzwa
Umzabalazo wokugqitywa kunye ne-lens turbid kwezinye iimeko zivumelekile. Nangona ukususwa kwe-cataract kubantu asebekhulile kunika umphumo obalaseleyo, asimele sikhohlwe ngokuchasene. Phakathi kwazo izifo ezinjalo:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- hemophilia;
- onkozabolevanija iliso;
- ischemic disease;
- xi nzelelo;
- ixesha elincinane emva kwe-stroke (ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu).
Ndiyakususa i-cataract kwi-diabetes mellitus?
Ukuphathwa okunjalo kuphunyezwe ngempumelelo iminyaka emininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usebenze ukususa i-cataracts kwisifo sikashukela ngaphandle kweengxaki, kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela ngesalathisi esisigxina se-glucose. Ekubeni kwesi sifo umonakalo kwilensi ikhula ngokukhawuleza kunabanye abantu, akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlale ungenelelo lotyando. Oku kungakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kombono.
Ungalungiselela njani umsebenzi wokususa i-cataracts?
Nayiphi na ingenelelo yokuphaphazela inika uviwo olupheleleyo. Ezi zifundo zilandelayo zifanele zenziwe:
- ukuhlalutya kwegazi (kuphuhliswe, kwi-RW, kwi-hepatitis);
- ECG;
- uhlalutyo lomchamo.
Zonke iziphumo azivumelekanga ngaphezu kwenyanga yekhalenda ukususela ngomhla wokunikezelwa. I-ECG kufuneka iqhutywe iiveki ezimbini phambi kokusebenza okucwangcisiweyo. Isigulane sifuna ukungena kwifuborography. Ukuba le ngxelo iqhutywe kwiinyanga ezili-12 zokugqibela, iziphumo zayo zichanekile, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokongeza i-fluorography.
Ukongezelela, ukulungiswa komsebenzi ukususa i-cataracts kubandakanya ukufumana iingcebiso kubagqirha abanjalo:
- ENT;
- endocrinologist;
- ngcali;
- u wamazinyo;
- i-cardiologist;
- i-gynecologist (urologist);
- i-anesthesiologist.
Ukutyelela zonke ezi ngcali kubaluleke kakhulu. Baya kunceda ukuchonga emzimbeni isifo okanye intshukumo. Ukuxhomekeka ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwisifo kunceda ukunqanda nokuphepha iingxaki ezinzulu. Isigulane asikwazi ukuphathwa ngokulula, kuba ukusuleleka emzimbeni kuhambelana nexesha lokubuyisela.
Kwakhona kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu imithi. Isigulane kufuneka sihlale sichaza ophthalmologist-surgeon ngokuthe rhoqo ukuthatha imithi. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukukhuphela ngaphandle kweveki phambi kokusetyenziswa kwamachiza kunye nesenzo se-antiticoagulant. Ukuthintela ngokweqela ngeli xesha kutywala kotywala. Isigulane sifanele sikhululwe ngumsebenzi onzima.
Ngaphambi nje kokuba kususwe i-cataract, kufuneka uqeqesho olulandelayo:
- Geza zakho iinwele.
- Thatha ishawa.
- Gqoka iipotton zangaphantsi.
- Ulale.
- Akukho nto yokutya ukususela ngokuhlwa.
- I-whistle ibe ngumlinganiselo omncinci wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi.
Usebenza njani ukususa i-cataract?
Isicwangciso sokulwa ne-lens encane sincike kwindlela yokwenza inkqubo yokucoca. Ukuba ukususwa kwe-cataract kwenziwa ngendlela ekhuselekileyo ye-extra-capsular, usebenzo lwenziwe ngolu hlobo:
- Isayithi iphathwa nge-antiseptic agent kunye ne-aneshesia.
- Ukunqunyulwa kwenziwe ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-10 mm ubude.
- I capsule yangaphambili ye-lens kunye nenucleus yayo isuswa.
- "Isikhwama" sisusiwe.
- Ufake ilensi yokufakelwa.
- Ukufakwa kwesalathiso kusetyenziswa.
Xa kususwa i-cataract kwenziwa yindlela yokusetyenziswa kwe-intracapsular engaqhelekanga, umsebenzi ubonakala kanje:
- Phatha isikhumba ejikeleze amehlo kunye nesisombululo esikhethekileyo se-bactericidal.
- Anesthetize.
- Yenza ukuchithwa okubanzi, ngenxa yoko umgca we-lens crystalline kufuneka uvezwe.
- Isipho se-cryoextract siziswa kwisiza esisebenzayo kwaye izicubu "zithandwa" kuyo.
- Susa i-lens eyonakaliswe ngolu hlobo.
- Ukusebenzisa le mxobo, ukufakelwa kufakwa kwaye kufakwe.
- Gcwalisisa i-incision.
Utyando lwe-Ultrasonic lubhekwa "ngezinga legolide". Iyaqhubeka ngale ndlela:
- Unyango lwe-antiseptic yesikhumba luyenziwa kwaye i-anesthesia yendawo isetyenziselwa (ukuqhuma kusetyenziswa kaninzi).
- Isixhobo esincinci senziwe kwi-cornea (malunga ne-3 mm).
- I-Capsulorhexis iyaqhubeka.
- Ifakwe kwisigxina somthombo othe ngqo, omele ukunciphisa ukuzinza kwe-lens.
- Ichotshozwa kwaye isusiwe.
- Ukufakwa kwe lensocular lens.
- Ukutywina umgodi.
Indlela osebenza ngayo ukususa i-cataract ngecebo lesazisi yindlela eyahlukileyo kwiindlela ezidlulileyo. Ukungenelela okunjalo kuqhutyelwa ngale ndlela:
- Ukwenza ukukhutshwa kancinci kwesikhumba kunye ne-anesthesia yendawo.
- I-micronadhesis yenziwa kwi-cornea.
- I-Capsulorhexis yenziwa.
- Isingeniso senziwa ekamelweni langaphakathi lezinto zefiber-optic.
- Ray ubhubhise i-lens.
- Iibhulo zikhutshwa ngaphandle kwesikhwama.
- Polisa emva kwe capsule.
- Faka i-lens intraocular.
- Gcwalisisa i-incision.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani utyando lwe-cataract?
Ubungakanani benkqubo enokuhluka. Ukususwa kwe-cataracts kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-lens kwenziwa kwimizuzu eyi-15-20. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha kufuneka abe nexesha lokugcina, ukwenzela ukuba yonke into ilungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo ukunyanzeliswa kokunyangwa. Ukongezelela, emva kwenkqubo yeeyure ezimbalwa zokuqala isigulane sifanele sifike phantsi kolawulo lwe-ophthalmologist.
Utyando lweCataract - ixesha elisebenza emva kwexesha
Ukubuyiselwa emva kokukhutshwa kwe-lens encane ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ekhethiweyo yokungenelela. Ixesha elipheleleyo liyakwazi ukwahlula ngokwemiqathango yesithathu:
- Iveki yokuqala emva kokusebenza ukususa i-cataract ngokutshintshwa kwe-lens. Kukho intlungu enzima kwindawo yokuhlala kunye nokuvuvukala.
- Ukususela kwiintsuku eziyi-8 ukuya kwi-30. Kule nqanaba, ubuqhetseba obubonakalayo abuzinzileyo, ngoko isigulane kufuneka sigcine ngokugqithiseleyo irejista yokukhupha.
- Iintsuku ezingama-31-180 emva kokusebenza. Kukho ukubuyiswa kombono omkhulu.
Izithintelo emva kokusebenza ukususa i-cataract
Ngethuba lexesha lokuvuselela, isigulane kufuneka silandele ngokungqongqo imiyalelo yesigqirha. Emva kokuhlinzwa ukuba ususe i-cataracts, awukwazi ukuphakamisa izisindo. Ukongezelela, imisebenzi yomzimba ayinqatshelwe, njengoko ivuselela ukungena kwixinzelelo lwe-intraocular kwaye ingabangela ukubola. Ukuphendula okufanayo kungabangelwa iinkqubo zomshushu, ngoko kungcono ukunqanda ukuhlamba okutshisa, i-saunas kunye neebhafu.
Imithintelo isebenza ukulala. Akunakwenzeka ukulala kwicala kweso elisebenza kuyo, nangesisu. Ubude bobonke bubalulekile. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuhlinzwa, ubuncinane ubuncinane bokulala bukhuthazwa yi-ophthalmologists ngama-8-9 iiyure. Ngexesha lokuphumla ubusuku umzimba uya kubuyiselwa, ngoko akufanele uwuhoye.
Izithintelo ezongezelelweyo ziquka:
- umthwalo obonwayo;
- izimonyo zokuzicoca (ungayisebenzisa ukususela kwiiveki ezi-4 emva kokukhutshwa kunye ngokucophelela);
- ukusetyenziswa kotywala;
- ukutshaya;
- ukwala ukutya okunamafutha, iziqholo kunye ne-pickles ngenyanga yokuqala yokuvuselelwa.
Iingxaki emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract
Nangona ogqirha onamava ogqithisileyo akakwazi ukukhusela ngokupheleleyo kwimiphumo emibi. Emva kokusebenza ukususa i-cataracts, ezinjalo iingxaki ziyakhula:
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-retina (ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubonakala kwi-diabetes mellitus);
- ukufuduka kwe-lens efakiwe;
- cataract;
- ukubola kwegazi ngaphakathi kwendlu yangaphakathi;
- edema.
Ukubuyiselwa emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract
Ukukhusela iso kwizinto ezingekho phantsi kwangaphandle kuya kunceda ukubopha. Isetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlinzwa. Ukubuyiselwa emva kokususwa kwe-cataract kwakungekho nkcenkcesho, ugqirha wachaza unyango. Ijoni lehla ngezenzo ezichasayo kunye nezifo ezinokukhubazeka ziyimfuneko yokuphulukisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-cornea.
Ukuba isigulane sinembopheleleko ngokupheleleyo ekuzalisekiseni ukuqashwa kwamagqirha, inkqubo yokubuyisela izakuhlala ixesha elide. Emva kokusebenza kubalulekile ukutyelela i-ophthalmologist rhoqo. Ukutyelelwa okunjalo kuya kunceda ukuchonga kwiingxaki zokugula ezincinane. Kubalulekile ukutya ngokugcwele ngexesha lokuvuselela. Imenyu yemihla ngemihla imele ilungiswe kunye neemveliso ezinamandla aphezulu amavithamini A, C, E.
Ukusebenza ukususa i-cataracts - imiphumela
Ngokuqhelekileyo uxinzelelo olubi emva kokungenelela kokuphaphazeleka kuphawulwe kwizigulane ezinezifo ezingapheliyo. Ezi ziquka isifo sikashukela, izifo zegazi kunye njalo. Imiphumo engathandekiyo nayo ingenzeka xa usebenzisa i-lens kwisigaba sokuvuthwa. Ezi zi gulane emva kokususwa kwe-cataract, ukutyelela rhoqo ugqirha kunqunywe.