Ngenxa yesifo esiyingozi, isifo se-parotitis (isifo se-mumps), baninzi abaziwayo, kuba babegula naye njengomntwana. Kwimeko enkulu, intsholongwane iyakwazi ukuthintela kubafundi bezemfundo kunye nabantwana besikolo (ukususela kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-15), kodwa kwenzeka ukuba abantu abadala bayakukhetha kwakhona.
Yiyiphi i-mumps?
Le ntsholongwane iyaziwa ngexesha elide, kwinqanaba leNkcazo yalo ichazwe kwiincwadi zikaHippocrates. Nangona uhlobo lwesifo abantu bakwazi ukuqonda kuphela kwikhulu leminyaka le-20, kwaye ugonywa lokuqala lwenziwa kuphela ngo-1945. I-parotitis yintsholongwane echaphazelekayo. Igama livela kwisiLatini "glandula parotidea" - okubizwa ngokuba yi-parotid salivary gland: iyakhupha xa inqindi ingena emzimbeni. Ngaphandle, eso sifo njengama-mumps singabonwa lula. Kuyo izicubu ezinobungqungquthela, ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kweendlebe kunye nentamo imangaliswa. Ubuso buvuleka, ujikeleze, njengengulube, ngoko ke igama elidumileyo.
Ingulube - izibangela zesifo
Intsholongwane yamangxube yintsapho ye-paramyxoviruses kwaye ayinakuxhatshazwa kwimiba yangaphandle, kodwa inokuqhubeka iqondo lokushisa ixesha elide ukuya kwiintsuku eziyi-3-4, kwaye kwiqondo elisezantsi likwazi ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Esi sifo sibhalwa kuyo yonke indawo kwaye kunyaka wonke, ukuphakama kwexesha lokubhakabhaka. Ukususelwa kwintsholongwane - 50%. Usuleleko luququzelelwe yizinto ezifana:
- izifo zokuphefumula;
- ukukhuseleka komzimba;
- buninzi bezinga labantu.
Ingulube - isifo sisasazwa njani?
Unokufumana intsholongwane kuphela komnye umntu kunye noqhagamshelwano olude. Umthombo uphinde ubambelele kwaye ukhusele isifo. Kwiveki kunye nesiqingatha ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kweempawu, isifo singasasazela intsholongwane ngakumbi, siyabelane kwindalo, ukusuka apho sidlula kwi-membrane ye-nasopharynx kwenye indawo. Iimvumba ze-Pathogen zidluliselwa ngamatye, amaconsi. Abantwana batheleleka kumnye nomnye ngexesha lokudlala imidlalo, behlala kwigumbi elinye. Usulelo luya kumzimba wexhoba elitsha ngeendlela ezininzi:
- kwintetho (okanye omnye umnxibelelwano osondeleyo);
- u kumanga;
- ukukhwehlela okanye ukucofa.
Iimvumba ziyisifo somntwana. Unyaka oqhelekileyo osulelekileyo uvela kwiminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwe-8, nangona ingozi ihlala ifike kwi-15-17 iminyaka. Kwiminyaka engaphambili, kunzima ukuthabatha intsholongwane - abantwana bakhusela umkhuhlane wamama kuze kube unyaka, okokuthi. izikhusela ezikhuselekileyo ezithunyelwa nguye ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukusuleleka kumntu omdala kunokwenzeka, kodwa kwenzeka kangangoko.
Imiva - imiphumela
Imiphumo yemigqomo ayibonakali ngokukhawuleza. Kwixesha elizayo, linokuchaphazela inkqubo yesantya nokuzala. Usulelo oluchaphazelayo luchaphazela izigulane okanye izigulane ezinje, ezifana ne:
- amagqabi;
- maqanda;
- iprotrate gland;
- i pancreas;
- zobisi;
- i-thyroid gland.
Incinci iminyaka yobugulayo, isezantsi amathuba okuba iingxaki ezinzulu ziza kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Ikhondo elincinane lesifo lidlula ngaphandle kweengxaki. Kuyakwazi ukukhathazeka, xa iifom eziphakathi kunye nezibi ziba nesifo se-mumps; Iimiphumo kubafana ngamanye amaxesha kunzima kakhulu. Baya kubonisa kuphela ngobuntwaneni ngohlobo lwe-orchitis-ukuvuvukala kwetekethi. Yonke insizwa yesithathu ichaphazeleka sisifo, kwaye ukuba intsholongwane yabetha amaqanda amabini ngangoko, isongela ukungabikho. Ngokukodwa xa ihagu yafunyanwa xa ikhulile. Ezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka emva kwesi sifo:
- Isifo sikashukela. Kunokwenzeka ukuba i-parotitis iyinkimbinkimbi nge-pancreatitis.
- ZiThulu. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba eso sifo sichaphazela indlebe yangaphakathi okanye i-nerve auditory.
- Isifo se "iso elomileyo". Ukumisa ngokukhawuleza kwimbumba yeqabunga kubangela ukuvuvukala kweengqungquthela ezilahlayo.
- Ukwehla kwengqondo - ukuba isifo sele sisibangele isifo se-meningitis, ukuvuvukala kwentambo yomgogodla, ingqondo.
Ngaba ndiyakwazi ukufumana iimvumba kwakhona?
I-epidemic parotitis isifo esingenakuphangwa kabini. Intsholongwane ishiya emva kokuzimela komzimba. Egazini ebomini, izixhobo zokulwa ziqhubeka zijikeleza, eziye zonakalisa umntu owe kwigciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Ukuhlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuya kugxeka. Nangona kunjalo, amathuba okubaluleka kwesi sifo (ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya ku-1%) isala. Umngcipheko uphakama ukuya kuma-25% emva kokumpontshelwa igazi kunye nokuguqulwa komnxeba wethambo, xa amaninzi amanqwelombane apheliswa emzimbeni.
I-epidemic parotitis - iimpawu
Ingulube - isifo "esibonakalayo". Izibonakaliso zangaphandle zesifo zingafumaneka ngaphandle kokutyelela ugqirha, iimpawu eziqhaqhaqha zamathambo ziboniswa ebusweni (okanye ezinye iindawo zomzimba). Ulwazi lo mboniso lunceda ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwaye luqale ukulawula kwesi sifo kwiinqanaba zokuqala. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa i-parotitis ikhula kubantwana, iimpawu zabo ngokwabo abakwaziyo ukuziqonda.
Ixesha leParotite - incubation
Ngethuba elifutshane, xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, kodwa osulelekileyo akayikrokreli ngale nto, ihlala ixesha elide. Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo liintsuku eziyi-11-23; ubuninzi - inyanga, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ama-mumps abonakalisa emva kweentsuku eziyi-15-20. Ngeli xesha, isifo sisasazeka kulo lonke umzimba, singena egazini; intsholongwane iyandisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-mucosa. Ngomhla wokugqibela wexesha lokunyusa, umphathiswa uyingozi kwabanye. 1-2 iintsuku ngaphambi kokuqala kweempawu zokuqala, ukusasazeka kwanda.
I-epidemic parotitis - iimpawu zokuqala
Kwixesha elibizwa ngokuba yi-prodromal period, umntu othabatha intsholongwane uqala ukuziva u-malaise, ubuthathaka. Kukho intlungu, intloko kunye kunye kunye. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba le yimizuzwana: imiqondiso yesifo ayibonakali. Emva kweentsuku ezi-1-3 zokubonakaliswa kwezi zimpawu, kufika ixesha lokubonakalisa izifo, kufana nokubandayo . Umzekelo:
- Ukubuyisela kwakhona umlenze womqala, umqala, umlomo (umahluko ophezulu kwi-angina). Indawo yokuphuma kwimizi yeengqungquthela ze-salivary ishushu kakhulu.
- Ukwanda okwebushushu (ukuya kuma-40 degrees).
- Ubuhlungu kwindawo yeengqungquthela ze-parotid.
- Ubunzima bokutya: kunzima ukuhlafuna nokugwinya, ngokukodwa ukutya okubangela ukunyuka kwe-salivation.
Zibukeka njani iimvumba?
Iimpawu ezicacileyo zesifo ziqala ukuzibonakalisa ngokuzenzekelayo iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kwexesha lokutshatyalaliswa. I-parotid gland iyatshisa, ibangela ukwanda kwidama, ukukhukhuma kubonakala phambi kwe-auricle. I-uvula iqhubela phambili kwaye ihamba phambili. Indawo yesilonda ibuhlungu. Ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwe-salivary gland emlonyeni, ubumbile kunye nephunga elibi. Ngamakhwenkwe, i-parotitis ihamba kunye nokuvuvukala kwetekisi. Ngeveki emva kokuba isifo sehagu sibonakalisa, isigulane asivunyelwe ukudibanisa nabanye, ukuphepha ukusuleleka.
I-parotitis - ukuxilongwa
Kwixesha eliqhelekileyo lokugula, ukuxilongwa kwenzelwa okokuqala kwisigulane. Ukuba zonke iimpawu ziyahambelana, iimvumba; Iimvumba zimelela iimpawu zangaphandle ezibunzima ukudibanisa nezinye izifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho i-atypical, imbonakalo engabonakaliyo yesifo. Emva koko, ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bentsholongwane, le mi sebenzi ilandelayo yenziwa:
- kuthatha uvavanyo lwegazi, olufanele lubonise intsholongwane;
- ii-antibodies ezihambelana neemangqa zifunyenwe;
- Uhlalutyo lwenziwe ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi.
Iparotitis - unyango
Izifo ze-piggy azikho iindlela ezizodwa zokonyango kunye neziyobisi. Unyango lubekwe ngugqirha emva kokubhalwa kweemviwo, ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezithile kunye nobugulane bokugula. Ungasusa eso sifo ekhaya, ukuba ulandela isiluleko sogqirha (kufuneka alawulwe inkqubo). Iifayili ezisetyenziswayo, ezinjengama-analgesics, ukuphelisa intlungu yesifo (Baralgin, Pentalgin) kunye neziyobisi ezinciphisa ukuvutha (Tavegil, Suprastin, njl.). Xa ufumanisa ukuba yi-parotitis yesifo, iziphakamiso zeklinikhi zilandelayo:
- Ukwahlula. Ukususela kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwi-10 emva kokubonakala kweempawu zokuqala isigulane sibona ukuphumla kombhede.
- Isondlo sesondlo - ngenxa yeengqungqa ezivuthayo, kwaye ngaphezu kokuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-pancreatitis, ukutya kuyinxalenye yamanzi, ifudumele. Okukhethiweyo kunikwa kwimifuno kunye nemveliso yobisi.
- Xa ufumanisa ukuba unama-mumps, unyango kubantwana lubandakanya ukuqeda iibanda : ukugubungela izixazululo zokuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana, iziyobisi ngenxa yengqondo yomzimba kunye neqondo lokushisa ( Ibuprofen , Paracetamol). Ndisebenzisa ubushushu obumileyo kwindawo echanekayo.
- Kwezinye iimeko, imiyalelo ikhethekileyo. Nge-orchitis, i-corticosteroids isetyenziswa. Iingxaki ngephepha lesisu zivumela ukusetyenziswa kwamalungiselelo e-enzyme ye-pancreatic
I-epidemic parotitis - iingxaki
Ukuba awuhambanga iziphakamiso zogqirha, ikhosi yesifo ingaba nzima ngokuphuhliswa kwamanye amathambo. Ezinye zazo ziyingozi, kodwa ngeemvumba zenzeke kwiifom ezinomfesane kwaye zincinci. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiliphi iqumrhu elenza i-parotite njengejolongo, iingxaki ezinokuthi zinoku:
- Orchitis. Ivela kwi-20% yamatyala kwizigulane zabantu abadala.
- Oophoritis. Uyakwazi ukuthintela ku-5% yabasetyhini abaye babamba ummva emva kobuntwaba .
- Malesitis. Kuvele kuphela kwi-1% yamatyala.
- I-Pancreatitis (ukuvuvukala i-pancreas) - ubunokwenzeka bokuxhamla kwe-5%.
- Phakathi kwemiphumo engavamile, kodwa engakumbi, i-encephalitis yintsholongwane yengqondo. Ingulube ikhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwayo kwimeko e-6000.
I-epidemic parotitis - ukuthintela
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezibonakalisiweyo zokuthintela ukusuleleka komama: ukusekwa koxinano kwimimiselo yezemfundo kunye neyokuqala esikolweni kunye nokugonywa kokukhusela. Olu lugqithiso lwenziwe kuphela kubafundi abanobuchopho ukuze bakwazi ukukhusela kwisifo. Ukugonywa kwi-mumps kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi isifo asiyi kufumana abantu abadala. Ngenisa kabini njengenxalenye yesigodlo sesithathu "imasese, i-mumps, i-rubella" kabini:
- Kwiinyanga ezili-12.
- Kwiminyaka engama-6-7.
Ukuba ukugonywa akuzange kwenzeke ebuntwaneni (abazali abazange bavume okanye ngenxa yezizathu zonyango i-vaccin ayinakuyenza), inokuyenza kamva. I-Adolescents kunye nabantu abadala bafumana ijokelelo yokukhusela kunye neemeko ezifanayo: kufuneka baphile ngokupheleleyo, abanazo izifo ze-hematopoietic system. Ngokwezibonakaliso ngabanye, ugonyamelo olungxamisekileyo lunokwenziwa. Ukuba kwakukho uqhagamshelwano nesigulane, usuku lokuqala okanye abantu ababini bafaka umjovo, bavelisa izifo zengqungquthela, kwaye isifo sifana kwifom elula.
Isifo se-pig asicatshangelwa yingozi. Kuphela kwiimeko zokunganakwa kunye neengxaki ezikhohlakeleyo zikhokelela kwiingxaki, kodwa aziyikufa kwaye azidingi ukuba izibhedlele (ngaphandle kwe- encephalitis ). Uninzi lwabantu bonke luloyiko lokungakwazi ukuzala - nantsi into ephambili ukuqala unyango ngexesha. Kulula ukujamelana nesi sifo ukuba ulandela imimiselo yodokotela oya kwiziko kwaye uqalise ikhosi yonyango ngexesha.