I-neuropsychology - yintoni na, imigaqo yayo, imiyalelo, imigaqo

I-neuropsychology intsha kwaye iphuhlisa isayensi. Ngaphandle kokufunda iinkqubo ezenzeka kwiindawo ezonakaliswe ngqondweni, kunzima ukukunceda umntu ahlaziywe. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo abantwana bazalwa benokuphulwa okungafaniyo, kwaye i-neuropsychology inceda ukuchonga oku kumazinga okuqala kwaye uhlele isicwangciso sokulungiswa.

Yintoni i-neuropsychology?

Ingongoma ye-neuropsychology yinto ebonakala iselula, ikhula kwinqanaba le-neuroscience, i-psychology kunye ne-psychophysiology. I-neuropsychology ihlola ubuhlobo phakathi kokusebenza kwengqondo kunye neenkqubo zengqondo, ukuziphatha. Ngokwenene, iinkqubo zengqondo kunye nokukhubazeka ngenxa yokulimala okanye izifo kubantu nasezilwaneni ziphandwa. Imisebenzi ephambili ye-neuropsychology:

1. Ukuchongwa kweziganeko zokusebenza kwemisebenzi yengqondo ekusebenzisaneni nomzimba ophilayo kunye nommandla wangaphandle nangaphakathi.
2. Uphando lwemisebenzi yengqondo kunye nezakhiwo.
3. Ukuhlalutya umonakalo kwimimandla yengqondo.

Umsunguli we-neuropsychology

Amanyathelo okuqala kule ngcebiso ayenziwa nguL.S. Vygotsky, kodwa igalelo elikhulu elenziwe AR. Luria kwaye wadala isayensi entsha - i-neuropsychology. Impumelelo kunye nophuhliso A.R. Luria:

• wadala ukuhlelwa kweengxaki ze-aphasic;
• wafunda waza wachaza ingxaki yokuthetha engaziwayo ngaphambili;
• wafunda indima ye-lobes yangaphambili yengqondo kwiinkqubo zengqondo.

Izindlela ze-neuropsychology, ezivumela ukuchonga ukuphulwa (eziphuhliswe ngu-AR Luria kunye nabalandeli bakhe):

1. Indlela yohlalutyo lwenkqubo (iimvavanyo zebhetri iLuria) - uphando olupheleleyo lwemisebenzi yengqondo
2. I-Psychometric (eNtshona Melika) - iimvavanyo zebhetri i-Nebraska-Luria, i-Wexler yesixa.
3. Uhlobo oluthe ngqo kumntu (lwaseBrithani) - ukuphonononga, ukuphonononga iimvavanyo zokukhetha okuqhubekayo kwezifundo ngamnye.

Imashishini ye-Neuropsychology

I-neuropsychology ikhula ngokukhawuleza, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba le nzu lulwazi lizayo. Iindlela eziphambili ze-neuropsychology:

• klinikhi;
• uvavanyo;
• Ku hlaziywa;
• zendalo;
• bantwana;
• ukuxilonga;
• neuropsychology of development.

I-Neuropsychology yezilwanyana

I-neuropsychology yobuntwaneni-isithembiso esithembisayo kunye nesimfuno, ukuphulwa kwexesha elichanekileyo kuya kunceda ukulungisa ukulungiswa komntwana. I-neuropsychology yezilwanyana iphonononga i-asymmetry engaphantsi kwe-hemispheres efanelekileyo neyikhohlo, izizathu zokungaphumeleli kwesikolo (ubuncinane bokungasebenzi kwengqondo, i-ADHD syndrome). Emva kokuphula umthetho, ukulungiswa kwengqondo kunye neyonyango kwenziwa.

Iiklinikhi ze-Neuropsychology

Isiseko se-neuropsychology sisifundo se-neuropsychological syndromes. Iiklinikhi ze-neuropsychology zisebenzelana nezigulane ezinobungozi belizwe elifanelekileyo kunye nokuphulwa kwezakhiwo zobomi obujulileyo, kunye neziphene zokusebenzisana kwezibalo. Iingcamango ezisisiseko ze-neuropsychology yekliniki:

1. Uphawu lwe-neuropsychological . Ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi yengqondo kunye nomonakalo wengqondo yengingqi.
2. I-neuropsychological syndrome . Intsebenziswano ethile yeempawu ze-neuropsychological ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kweenkqubo zengqondo kwisilonda sendawo.

Neuropsychology

Imigaqo ye-neuropsychology isekelwe ekusebenziseni iindlela zokwenza izinto kunye nokuzama, ngaphandle kwalokhu akukho senzululwazi inokuthethelela iimbono zabo. Iingcali ze-neuropsychology ziphonononga ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye nezilwanyana ezivela kwezinye izilonda zendawo. Siyabulela iimvavanyo zeA.R. I-Luria yayifundwa ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye yahlula ukukhathazeka kwememori (aphasia) kunye nentetho. Ukuphulwa kovavanyo lwe-neuropsychology lwangoku lwangoku kuphulwa kweemvakalelo zengqondo kunye neenkqubo zokuqonda.

Neuropsychology

Izikhokelo ze-neuropsychology ziphuhliswa ngenxa yendlela yokusebenza. I-neuropsychology yecandelo elisebenzayo yicandelo apho onke amanye amagatsha e-neuropsychology asekelwe. Iindlela eziphambili zomsebenzi zabekwe ngu-A.R. ULuria waza wafumana igama elithi "Amabhethri eendlela zeLurian", ezibandakanya uphando:

• ingqalelo ngokuzithandela nangenxaxheba;
• iimvakalelo zengqondo;
• gnosis;
• ukuhamba xa uqhuba imiyalelo;
• intetho;
• iileta;
• imemori;
• iinkqubo zeakhawunti;
• iinkqubo zengqondo.

Ubudala beeurosyyychology

Yintoni i-age-neuropsychology yobudala-impendulo sele isele kumbuzo ngokwawo. Ixesha ngalinye lexesha lihambelana neendlela zalo zophuhliso lwengqondo, kunye nobudala obuthile, ezi okanye ezinye iziphazamiso zomsebenzi wengqondo ziyimpawu. Izifundo ze-neuropsychology yobudala:

• syndromes neuropsychological;
• iimpawu zokuphulwa kwemisebenzi yengqondo ephakamileyo.

Neuropsychology - Exercises

Kwimeko eqhelekileyo, ingqondo ilawulwa ngokwayo, kunye nokuphulwa kwengqiqo yengqondo, ukuvela kweengxaki nge-psyche, iinkqubo zomgaqo-nkqubo zokuzalwa ezingaphumeleli, ukulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kubalulekile. I-coruroal neuropsychology kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala basebenzisa izixhobo zabo ezahlukeneyo eziyiluncedo kwimpilo yengqondo, impilo. I-neuropsychology - imidlalo kunye nokuzivocavoca:

1. Umzobo we Mirror . Lungiselela iphepha, amanqaku okanye ipensela. Thatha iipensisi ezandleni zombini uze uqale ngokukrazula ngezandla zakho konke ofuna: iileta, amanani ejometri, izilwanyana, izinto. Ukusetyenziswa kukuvumelanisa ii-hemispheres kunye nokudala isimo sokuphumula.
2. Ukudweba imilo eyahlukileyo . Ukusebenza kufana neyokudlulileyo, kuphela ukudweba imilo eyahlukeneyo ngexesha elifanayo, umzekelo, isandla sokunxele sitsala unxantathu, isandla sokunene sidonsa isikwere.
3. Ukucamngca kukugxininisa ekuphefumuleni . Inhalation esifutshane kunye nomphunga omude, ngokugxininisa kwiphondo lempumlo. Ukuhlaziya, kuthatha ingqondo kwizinga le-alpha rhythm, ingqondo iyancipha, iimeko zesimo sengqondo zivela.
4. Ukulinganisa ukunyuka kwezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo . "I-Bear iyahamba" - umntwana uhamba kuzo zonke ezine kwaye uphakamisa isandla sakhe sokunene nomlenze, amehlo egxininise esandleni sakhe, ngoko ke ukuhamba okufanayo kunye nekhohlo lomzimba. "I-Tiger iza" - isiseko esiphambili kuzo zonke ezine, ngokunye: isandla sokunene siya ehlombe lasekhohlo, isandla sokunene ukuya ngasekunene uze ujikeleze.
5. Ukuzivocavoca "Indlovu" . Indlebe ixinyiwe ngokunyanzela ukuya ehlombe, isandla esichaphazelekayo sithathwa njenge "trunk" kwaye iqalisa ukudweba ezisibhozo ezisezantsi emoyeni, amehlo ngeso elifanayo alandela iminwe. Ukuqalisa amaxesha amathathu ukuya kumahlanu kwinqanaba ngalinye. Ukuzivocavoca ukulinganisela "inkqubo yeengqondo".

I-Neuropsychology - phi na ukuyifunda?

Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-neuropsychology kwenzeka ngokusekelwe kwimiqondo yengqondo okanye yezokwelapha, njengenxalenye yokufumana uqeqesho, isifo sezonyango okanye isazi sengqondo sezonyango, i-psychoneurologist, i-psychiatrist. Imfundo ePhakamileyo, apho ungayifumana khona ingcali ye-neuropsylogist:

1. I-Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis. Ubungcali "Ukulungiswa kwe-neuropsychological and training-development training".
2. IStateburg State University. I-Faculty ye-Psychology.
3. ISt. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute. V. Bechterew. Ngokweziseko zamacandelo "Iiklinikhi (ezonyango) zengqondo" kunye ne "Neurology" efundisa izinto ezisisiseko ze-neuropsychology, i-neurotherapy.
4. I-National Research Tomsk State University. Iingcali zengqondo.
5. YaseMoscow State Institute. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Ubungcali "I-neuropsychology kunye neurorehabilitation."

Neuropsychology - iincwadi

Iincwadi ezigqithiseleyo kwi-neuropsychology zibhalwa ngolwimi olucacileyo, kwaye ziya kuba nomdla kubo bonke abanomdla kwiingcamango zobuchopho kunye ne-psyche ngokubanzi. Umntu wendalo yonke, malunga nemikhwa eyenziwa ngayo, kutheni ukuziphatha okungahambi kakuhle kwiinkqubo zezi zinto okanye ezinye iingxaki zengqondo - abaphathi abazinikela ekufundeni i-psyche kwimisebenzi yabo bathetha ngale nto nezinye izinto ezininzi:

1. "Izinto ezisisiseko ze-Neuropsychology " uLuria A.R. Ikhosi yoqeqesho lwabafundi bezesengqondweni, i-psychiatry kunye neurology.
2. " Indoda ethatha umfazi wayo ngomkhonto " O. Sachs. Umbhali uyamthakazelisa, kodwa ngokucophelela kwaye ngokumalunga nezigulane zakhe uxelela amabali abo okulwa nezifo ezinzima ze-psyche (neuroses). Isigulane ngasinye sika-Oliver siyingqayizivele ngendlela yakhe ekuzameni kwakhe ukwakha ubudlelwane phakathi kwengqondo kunye nokuqonda.
3. " Ingqondo ithi. Yintoni eyenza sibe ngabantu " I-Ramachandran Imfihlelo engaqondakaliyo yengqondo, kulo msebenzi womfundi, iimpendulo zilindeleke kule mibuzo: kutheni umntwana ophephile ebhala imifanekiso edlula uLeonardo Da Vinci kunye noMichelangelo, okanye apho kuvela khona imvakalelo yenceba kunye nobuhle kwiingqondo.
4. " Ngomxube ofanayo. I-neurobiology yobudlelwane obumanyeneyo "E. Amabhanki, uL. Hirschman. Incwadi ichaza malunga neendlela ezine zengqondo, ekuphuhliseni apho umntu ehamba ngokukhululekile kunye nabanye abantu kunye nezimo kuye ngokwakhe ukuzola, amandla, ukwamukelwa kunye nokuhlaselwa.
5. " Ubomi kunye nolonwabo. Iimfihlakalo ze-Neuropsychology yanamhlanje »R. Hanson, R. Mendius. Ukuhlanganiswa kwencwadi, ukudibanisa i-psychology kunye neurology, kwandiswe ngeendlela zokwenza ngcono.

I-neuropsychology - inyaniso enomdla

Isayensi eyinkimbinkimbi kunye neenkcukacha ezininzi ze-neuropsychology, xa ufunda iimpawu zengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wengqondo yezinto eziphilayo, ihlala yenza izinto ezithandekayo, zikhona ezinye izinto eziphawulekayo:

1. Ucwaningo lobuchopho ngokwalo.
2. Ngethuba lokukhulelwa, inani lama-neuron pulses linyuka ngamawaka ama-250,000.
3. Umntu usebenzisa iinjongo zobuchopho ngokubanzi ekuxazululeni iingxaki njengoko zifuna ngethuba, ngoko inkolelo yokusebenzisa kuphela i-10% yengqondo ayiqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi.
4. Inkumbulo yabantu ayikho phantsi kwengcamango ecacileyo kunye nengqiqo, kwaye ukukhumbula kangcono ulwazi laluphi na umyalelo kubalulekile ukudala imifanekiso, ukwakha uchungechunge lwentsebenziswano - ngoko imemori iqeqeshiwe.
5. Ngoxa utshaya ugwayi, ubuchopho bubona iicotine njengento elawulayo ekucingeni nasekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kwezinto zangaphakathi ezilawula ukucinga, kodwa njengoko umthwalo ukwanda, ingqondo iqala ukuvelisa izinto ezininzi, ngaphandle kubonakala ngokuqala ukutshaya iipakethi ezimbini ngosuku (ukwandisa umthamo we-nicotine) - umkhwa uvela.