Utyando lwezobugcisa (ukusuka kwisiNgesi "ubugcisa bonyango") ngokwezwi nezwi lithetha "unyango lobugcisa". Yindlela ekhulayo yokuphulukiswa nokulungiswa kwengqondo ngoncedo lobugcisa kunye nobuchule.
Ngokungafani neeklasi ezijolise ekufundiseni ngokuchanekileyo kwanoma yiphi na ubugcisa, iiklasi zonyango zikhona ngokukhawuleza kwaye zijoliswe kungengomphumo, kodwa kwindlela yokudala ngokwayo. Umbuso wokwenza ukhululekile unika ukuphumla ngokomzwelo, ithuba lokuzibonakalisa ngokwabo, kwaye nje kunika umdlalo kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kule nkqubo.
Ngesihlandlo sokuqala, unyango lwezobugcisa lwaqala ukusebenza kwi-40s yekhulu lama-20 e-United States, ukusebenzisana nabantwana abasuswe kwiinkampu ze-fascist ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Emva koko uphando lwezobugcisa luqhutyelwa, ngaphezu kwazo zonke, iinjongo zokuxilonga. Ngeli xesha, ubugcisa bonyango abuzange bulahleke ngokubaluleka kwalo, kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, luye lwaphuhliswa kwaye lukwabiwa ngokubanzi, ngenxa yokufumana amava okuzaliswa kwezizukulwana zokulungisa nokunyanga. Kusetyenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana, kwiinkqubo zoqhagamshelwano lweenkulisa zibandakanya iiklasi zonyango. Iziphumo ezibetha ngokukodwa zibonelelwa ngonyango lobugcisa bezingane zasesikolweni kunye nabantwana abakhubazekile. Ubukho beendlela kunye nokungabikho kokuphikisana nakho kusenza sikwazi ukubandakanya ulwaphulo lobugcisa kubantu bazo zonke iindidi zeeminyaka kunye naluphi na uhlobo lwempilo.
Iinjongo zonyango lobugcisa:
- ukuxilongwa kweengxaki zengqondo;
- ukuhoxiswa kancinci kwintliziyo kunye nemvakalelo;
- ukuphuma ngokwaneleyo kwimeko yokujonga uluntu kunye nolunye ubonakaliso olubi lomntu;
- ukwandisa ukuphumelela kwonyango lwe-psychotherapeutic (unyango lobugcisa njengendlela yobancedisi);
- uqeqesho lokugxininisa kwiimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo;
- ukuququzelela ukusekwa kwezonxibelelwano zoluntu;
- ukuphuhliswa kwamakhono okudala;
- ukuphuhliswa kokuzithiba;
- ukwandisa ukuzithemba.
Izindlela zobugcisa bonyango
Kukho ezininzi iintlobo zobugcisa bezobugcisa, ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa: i-isotherapy (yonke into ehambelana nobugcisa obuhle: ukudweba, ukudweba, ukwenza imodeli, njll), unyango lomnxeba, unyango lwesantla, unyango lomculo, i-bibliotherapy (esebenza negama - ukubunjwa kweenganekwane, imibongo, njl.), unyango lomdaniso, i-dramatherapy kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngolunye uhlobo lweentlobo zobugcisa bezobugcisa lunalo, oluncinci, iindlela, ezizodwa iingcali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, sinokuthi iindlela zezo zonke iintlobo zobugcisa bezobugcisa zisekelwe "ekutshintsheni" umsebenzi we-hemispheres ye-cerebral. I-hemisphere yekhohlo yintlobo ye-censor, ingqondo, ingqiqo, ngezinye izihlandlo ayivumeli iimvakalelo ezithembekileyo, ukuzinqanda. Ilungelo elungileyo, elisebenza ngexesha lokwenza umsebenzi, lenza ukuba iinkqubo ezingenanto zivule indlela eya kumazwi okwenene. Ngenxa yesiganeko sobugcisa bonyango, ama-hemispheres aqala ukusebenza kunye, kwaye lo msebenzi uhlose ukuqonda nokulungisa iingxaki zangaphakathi, ezingenasicatshulwa: ukwesaba, iingxaki, "iingqungquthela", njl njl.
Ulwaphulo lobugcisa kwixesha lokufunda
Ekupheliseni, makhe sikunikezele kwiindlela zokuthintela ubugcisa obugqithiseleyo kubantwana basesikolweni. Iimeko eziphambili zoqeqesho lwezonyango zabantwana kukufumaneka kweemali, ukukhanga, ukuqonda nokukhusela.
Ulwaphulo lwezonyango kubantwana - ukusetyenziswa
- Ulwaphulo lwezonyango zakwaSand mhlawumbi lulo luqhelekileyo kwaye luyintandokazi kubafundi abasebancinci abasesikolweni, ezihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ezingentla. Icandelo lezobugcisa bezandane-unyango kwi-studio nganye yaseMontessori-pedagogic, kumaziko amaninzi aphuhlisayo kunye nakwii-kindergartens ezithile. Konke okuyimfuneko yonyango lobugcisa bentlabathi kuyibhokisi eqhelekileyo isanti, okanye i-sandbox. Ukwenza isanti esomileyo okanye emanzi, ukwakha iinqaba zentlabathi, ukudala izilwanyana zentlabathi, umntwana uhlakulela ukuva, ukukhululwa, ukuzibonakalisa.
- Izihlomelo ziyi-exercise efikeleleke kakhulu ekufunayo kuphela iphepha kunye neepensile (ipen, ipeniti ye-tip-felt). Umntwana ngokukhululekile, engakhange acinge ngolu hlobo, ukhangela kwisiqwenga samaphepha umgca wemigca,
ngoko uzama ukuqonda kuyo kwaye uchaze umfanekiso othile. Kwinkqubo yokwenza inkcazo, unokwazi ukuyikhawuleza, uyigxininise imida, umthunzi wendawo nganye, njl. - I-Monotype (ngokoqobo "impawu enye") enye indlela ekhangayo kakhulu ye-isotherapy. Inkom, iki, i-watercolor okanye i-gouache ehlanjululwe ngamanzi kwi-surface ebusayo engayifaki ipende (i-plastiki, i-linoleum, iphepha elixubileyo, iphepha-njl.) Lenziwe ngepateni: iindawo ezinamabala, imigca, njl. umfanekiso wesirangathi ushicilelwe umzobo. Umntwana ubheka oko kwenzekile, uchaza umfanekiso ovelayo, uyipende.