I-Meningitis isifo esivuthayo apho iimbumba ezincinci okanye ezilukhuni zengqondo kunye nomgudu womgogodla zichaphazelekayo. Iyakwazi ukuphakama zombini njengempilo yokuzimela, kunye neengxaki emva kwesinye isifo. Ukulahla kwonyango lwe-meningitis kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi, ngoko kubalulekile ukwazi izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-meningitis kubantu abadala, ukuze baqonde isifo ngexesha.
Iimpawu ze-serous (viral) ye-meningitis kubantu abadala
I-meningitis ye-Serous ibangelwa yiindiza ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokungena kwi-membrane yengqondo ngegazi, i-lymph, okanye kunye neentonga ze-nerve ezinokuqhagamshelana okanye indlela yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuvuvukala kwamadoda asebuntwini kubangelwa ziintsholongwane:
- enteroviruses;
- iifompy virus;
- i-Epstein-Barr virus;
- iintsholongwane ze-poliomyelitis;
- cytomegalovirus;
- adenovirus;
- virusi ze-herpes, njl
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ixesha lokutshala i-serous meningitis lithatha iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4. Esi sifo sibonakala ngokuqala ngokukrakra kwezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- ukwanda okukhulu kwiqondo lokushisa komzimba;
- intloko ibuhlungu, ayiyi kupheliswa yi-analgesics;
- imbono ebuhlungu yenkqubo yangaphandle (isandi, ukukhanya okukhanyayo);
- ukwandiswa kwesikhumba;
- i-malaise jikelele, ubuthathaka;
- intlungu;
- isicupunu, ukuhlanza;
- ukungabi nesidlo;
- Iphunga lempumlo, ukukhwehlela, intlungu yomlomo;
- ukuphazamiseka okufutshane kokuqonda.
Isigulane esinesifo se-viral meningitis sichaza ngokucacileyo indawo ephoqelelwe kuyo: ilele ecaleni layo, amadolo azisa kwisisu, izandla zibethelelwe esifubeni kunye nentloko iphonswe.
Iimpawu ze-meningitis epheleleyo kubantu abadala
I-meningitis enobugqwetha ine-etiology ye-bacteria kwaye ibangelwa ngabantu abadala ngama-microorganisms afana ne:
- i-meningococci;
- pneumococci;
- haemophilus influenzae , njl
Ukuphuhliswa kwe-bacterial meningitis kumaxesha amaninzi kuphawulwa ngokumalunga nemvelaphi ye-immunity.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela apho i-pathogen yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ifakwe kwisalathisi se-cerebral, i-meningitis ephambili kunye neyesibini ye-meningitis ihluke. Iiprayimari zikhula xa iibhaktheriya zivela kwindawo yendalo (i-airborne okanye idibene) kwaye idlulise ngegazi. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imilenze yengqondo kwimeko ye-craneocerebral trauma, i-traumatic open to sinanas, kunye nokuthotyelwa ngokungafanelekanga kwiimpawu ze-aseptic ngexesha le-neurosurgical operations.
I-meningitis yesiqhelo seSondari iyaqhubeka ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwintsholongwane kwiingqwelo zeengqondo ezivela kwiimeko zomzimba zaso nasiphi na indawo kunye negazi okanye i-lymph. Iibhaktheriya ezibangela iinkqubo zepululent zingaphumelela ngokuqhagamshelana ne-abscessal abscess, i-septic sinustrombosis, i-osteomyelitis yamathambo.
Ixesha lokuxubusha le-meningitis eliqhelekileyo lihlala ixesha eli-2 ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-5. Ubume bokubonakalisa iimpawu ezinjalo:
- ukunyuka okuphawulekayo ekubuseni komzimba;
- zikhuni;
- intloko, ekhula rhoqo;
- isicupunu, ukuhlanza;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
- ukungazi kakuhle;
- i-delirium;
- ukusabalalisa ukugqithisa kwemvelo.
Xa ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi yeentlobo zeentlobo ze-cranial iyakwazi ukuphawulwa kwezi zibonakaliso:
- ukunciphisa ubuqhetseba obubonakalayo;
- i-strabismus;
- kwintsika yesofu;
- ukuzithulu nabanye.
Unyango lwe-meningitis kubantu abadala
Ukubonakala kweempawu ze-meningitis kubantu abadala kuyisizathu sokubhedlelelwa kunye nokunyangwa ngonyango lwamachiza ala maqela:
- analgesics;
- antipyretics;
- ii-antibiotics (kwi-bacterial meningitis);
- iziyobisi ezinomhlaza (kunye ne-viral meningitis), njl.
Ukuthintela i-edema ye-cerebral, i- diuretics imiselwe, kwaye unyango lwe-detoxification luyalelwe.