Ukuphumla ehlathini kunokubangela ukuluma kwe-insect encinci inentsholongwane. Izibilini ze-Encephalitic zihlala kakhulu kwiMpuma Ekude, kwii-Urals naseSiberia, kodwa iimboniselo zodwa zifumaneka nakweminye imimandla. Kubalulekile ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nesifo abaxhatshazwayo ukwenzela ukukhusela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi.
I-encephalitis ehamba ngeendlela zokuhambisa
Umthombo oyintloko we-pathology ephantsi kokucatshungulwa yikhaya kunye nezilwanyana zasendle ezifudumeleyo, ezinye iintlobo zeentaka kunye neentonga. Xa bethwa ngumthi, bafumana intsholongwane ye-HIV kwaye baba ngumthwali wesifo. Usulelo lwabantu luqhutyelwa ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwezilwanyana kwesikhumba kunye nokungena komnatha walo kwigazi. Ngamanye amaxesha igciwane le-encephalitis eliphawulwa ngamagciwane lidluliselwa ngezinye iindlela:
- xa usebenzisa ubisi olusuka kubhokhwe okanye kwinkomo enesifo;
- ngexesha lemizamo yokukrazula kunye nokuphazamiseka ngengozi i-mite kwilonda;
- ngenxa yokutshitshiswa kwesikhumba apho utywala okanye umquba wezinambuzane eziseleyo.
Ikhefu le-encephalitis-incubation period
Ukuba amaseli e-pathogenic angena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokugaya inyama, ngokuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphinda ngeentsuku ezingama-4-7. I-encephalitis ekhutshwe ngekiti eqhubekayo inokuqhubeka ixesha elide kunye nosulelo olusasazekayo (ngegazi), kule meko ikhefu lokutshatyalaliswa kuthatha malunga neveki ezimbini. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezingama-30. Kubantu abanokukhuseleka okubuthathaka, i-encephalitis ephawulwe ngokukhawuleza kwamandla embane. Isasazeka emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingene kwiifom ebudeni bemini.
I-encephalitis ephawulwe ngekitikhi
Umfanekiso wokuqala weklinikhi uhlala ufana. I-pathology iqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye iqhubela phambili. Izibonakaliso ze-encephalitis ekhutshwe ngekhakiti kwinqanaba lokuqala lifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Intsholongwane ingena kwiingqondo kwaye ibangela iimpawu ezihambelana kuphela xa isithintelo segazi-ingqondo siphumelela ngokuphumelelayo-ukuqokelela kweeseli ezahlula inkqubo yentsholongwane ephuma kwigazi. Ukuba oku kungenzeki, isifo sifana lula kwaye siphume ngokukhawuleza.
Iimpawu zokulunywa kwekhasi le-encephalitis kubantu
Ikliniki ephezulu kakhulu iyabonwa xa iimbumba zomgca wesipelini kunye nengqondo zichaphazelekayo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuluma kwekhakheni ye-encephalitis kubangela ukuba:
- bhinqa;
- buthathaka;
- zixhala;
- intlungu enkulu entloko ;
- photophobia;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukuvakalelwa kwezinto ezinokusilalisa iintamo zeentamo;
- ukungazi kakuhle;
- ukuwohloka komgangatho wobuthongo;
- i-delirium;
- ukulibala;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwezisu zomzimba;
- iingcamango;
- paresis kunye nezinye iimpawu.
I-encephalitis ephathekayo ngokukhawuleza ekungabikho kwonyango olufike ngexesha lingakhokelela ekuvukeni okukhulu kweembrane kunye nezicubu zengqondo (intloko kunye nomgogodla), ukubola kwazo kunye necrosis. Ngamanye amaxesha kubangela imiphumo eyingozi kakhulu, kuquka ukufa. Ukuthintela ingxaki, kubalulekile ukuxilonga intsholongwane ngexesha kwaye ngokukhawuleza uqale unyango oluchanekileyo.
Iimpawu zokuqala ze-encephalitis eziphathekayo
Iimpawu zokuqala zezifo zichazwe ngokufana nokuphefumula kwintsholongwane:
- bushushu obuphezulu;
- umkhuhlane;
- intloko;
- i-malaise;
- amaqatha kumalungu ;
- kulala;
- ukungabi nesidlo;
- isicongconi, ngamanye amaxesha ngokuhlanza;
- ukusebenza okuphantsi.
Kubalulekile ukuchonga i-encephalitis ekhutshwe ngekhaksi ngexesha - ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokufunda izinto eziphilayo:
- igazi (ngokubanzi, i-virological and biochemical analysis);
- cerebrospinal fluid;
- umzimba wezinambuzane.
Ingozi kunye nemiphumo ye-encephalitis ekhutshwe ngekhakiti
Ukuba isifo esicatshungulwayo safunyanwa ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokuqhubeka kwaye unyango lwaqala ngokukhawuleza, umntu uya kubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kweengxaki. Iingozi eziphambili ze-encephalitis ephathwe ngophawu, ukungena kwintsholongwane kwiimbrane kunye nezicubu zentambo yomgogodla kunye nengqondo emva kokunciphisa isithintelo segazi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, usulelo luyakuchaphazela inkqubo yentsholongwane kwaye luyakwazi ukuphela kakubi.
Iingxaki ze-encephalitis ephawulwe ngamakethi
Uninzi lwabantu (malunga ne-98%) olusuleleke kwi-insect yaseYurophu libukeka lifunyenwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba isifo senzeke emva kokulunywa kwe-tick subtype yaseMpuma Ekude, iingxaki emva kokuba i-encephalitis ivele kwi-10-25% yamatyala. Ezi ziquka:
- i-meningitis ;
- neuropathy;
- i-atrophy;
- umphathiswa ongapheliyo wegciwane.
Ukuba unyango luyiphumelelanga okanye lusekupheleni kwayo, i-encephalitis ekhutshwe ngekiti ingakhokelela kulezi ngxaki ezilandelayo:
- ukukhubazeka;
- iingxaki eziqhubekayo kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo;
- ukukhubazeka kwesistim se-nervous;
- ukuxhamla.
Iziphumo ze-encephalitis ephathwe ngekhakiti
Ukutheleleka kwintsholongwane eyingqungquthela kwi-quarter quarter of cases kubangela ukukhubazeka. Imiphumo emibi kakhulu ye-encephalitis ekhutshwe ngekhakiti ibhubhane umzimba wonke kunye nokufa. Umngcipheko wesiphumo esibulalayo se-pathology kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ze-insects-carrier. Uhlobo lwama-ticks aseMpuma Ekude luyingozi kakhulu, ukubetha kwabo kubulala kwi-20-27% yezifo ezifumanekayo. Kwiqela laseYurophu lezinambuzane, eli nani li-1-3%.
I-encephalitis yonyango
Intsholongwane eyenza ukuchazwa kwezilwanyana ezichazwayo akuchasene nazo zonke iilwimi ezikhoyo. Ulwaphulo olukhethekileyo olubhekiselele kwi-encephalitis ekhutshwe ngamakethi alukaphuhliswa, ngoko umntu osulelekileyo ukhulelwe esibhedlele kwaye wenza ukongiwa kunye nokunyangwa kwezilwanyana. Kujoliswe ekuqiniseni umzimba wokuzivikela kunye nokukhawuleza ukukhutshwa komzimba, ukuyeka imiqondiso yesifo.
Ukuququzelela i-encephalitis ekhutshwe ngekiti, ezi zilandelayo zisetyenziswa:
- antipyretic ;
- iipilisi;
- ezichasayo;
- iindlovu (ngohlobo lwezisombululo zokulawulwa kwe-drip);
- antihistamines;
- kuphumla;
- imisipha yokuphumla.
Xa ixesha elidlulileyo lokugula lidlulayo, isiguli kufuneka sithobele ukulungiswa. Ukubuyiswa kubandakanya:
- ukunamathela kwisondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nomxholo ophezulu wamavithamini;
- physiotherapy;
- ukusilisa;
- gymnastics ekhethekileyo.
Ukuthintela i-encephalitis ephawulwe ngamakethi
Ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza umngcipheko weengxaki okanye ukuthintela ukusuleleka ngamacebiso ambalwa. Kukho ukukhusela okuqhelekileyo kunye nokhuseleko oluthile lwe-encephalitis. Kwimeko yokuqala, iingcebiso ziyakuthintela ukungena kweeseli ezinentsholongwane emzimbeni. Uhlobo lwesibini lwesiganeko lenzelwe imeko apho ukusuleleka kungenakwenzeka okanye kwenzeka ngokuchanekileyo.
I-urgence prophylaxis ye-encephalitis ekhutshwe ngekhakiti
Xa umntu elunywe yi-insect ubiza eklinikhi, ukulawulwa kwe-immunoglobulin G kwintsholongwane echazwe kudlalwa. Kucetyiswa ukuba uyigqithise ngexesha leentsuku zokuqala ezi-3 ukususela ngomhla wokusuleleka usulelo. Emva kweentsuku ezili-10, iprophylaxis ecacileyo ephindaphindiweyo yenziwa, kwaye emva kweenyanga eziyi-10-12 kufuneka ijoyi elandelayo neyokugqibela.
I-immunoglobulin ngokubhekiselele kwi-encephalitis ephathwe ngekhakiti isetyenziswe kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa ukuphumelela kwayo akuzange kuqinisekiswe ngokwesayensi. Kukho izifundo ezigunyazisileyo ezichasayo isidingo sokulawulwa kwesi siza. Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuphazamisa i-encephalitis ephawulwa ngamagciwane. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba inambuzane ilandelelwe, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba iqala ukuvelisa i-immunoglobulin yayo G. Ukunyuka kokufakelwa kwiinkcenkceshelo kwigazi kunokukhokelela ekuphenduleni ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuchithwa okubukhali kwimeko yesigulane.
Ukugonywa kwe-encephalitis
Isisombululo esiphezulu esona siphumelelo sisigcino esicwangcisiweyo ukususela kwi-pathology. Kufuneka lwenziwe ngabantu abahlala kwiindawo ezinobungozi obuyingozi okanye baya kuhambela ezo ndawo. Isitofu sokukhusela i-encephalitis ekhatywe ngekhakiti senziwa ngokuphindwe kathathu ngokwecandelo eliqhelekileyo. Injini yesibini yenziwa kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwe-12, kunye nejoyi yokugqibela - emva kweenyanga ezi-9-12. I-Revaccination yenziwa yonke iminyaka engama-4-5. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukuphumelela kweyeza, kwaye ukhuseleko oluzinzileyo luyakheka, isitofu sokuqala sisenziwa ngoSeptemba ukuya kuNovemba.
I-prophylaxis engabonakaliyo ye-encephalitis ephawulwe ngamakhaza
Amanyathelo okuthintela ngokubanzi anceda ukuphepha ukudibanisa nenambuzane ngokwayo, iimveliso zobomi bayo kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukileyo zentsholongwane. Ukuthintela i-encephalitis ephawulwe ngamakethi:
- Sebenzisa kuphela ubisi obisiweyo okanye obilisiwe.
- Gwema iindawo ezihlala ezinambuzane ezinobungozi. Iikiti zikhetha indawo yehlathi kunye neengca eziphezulu, zibonisa imisebenzi ekhethekileyo ukususela ngo-Ephreli ukuya kuJulayi. Kucetyiswa ukuba ungahambi ezindleleni zezilwanyana nemfuyo, kuba izinambuzane zifihlile kumasebe kunye namacembe ngokulandelana kwazo.
- Xa uhambela amahlathi kunye neendawo zokupaka, gqoke iimpahla ezinxibeleleyo ezibandakanya ubuninzi besikhumba. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukukrazula ihembe okanye i-T-shirt ibe ngamabala, kunye neengqayi ukuya kwiisokisi eziphezulu.
- Kuyimbopheleleko yokugqoka i-headdress, ukufihla ubunwele phantsi kwayo. Ingakumbi ixhalabisa abanini bee-ringlets ezide kunye neentsimbi.
- Ukugqoka ngokukhawuleza kuzo zonke ukukhanya, ukuze kube lula ukuphawula iqela.
- Sebenzisa ama-repellents anamandla kunye nomxholo we-permetrin kunye ne-diethyltoluamide (ebizwa nge-DETA).
- Ngexesha lokuhamba, rhoqo uhlola iimpahla kunye neenwele. Kubalulekile ukuba uhlolisise iindawo ezivulekileyo zomzimba.
- Xa ubuyela ekhaya ngokukhawuleza, kusekho kwikorori, khangela kwakhona iingubo, i-headstress kunye neenwele. Ukuze uhlolwe ngokucokisekileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba ubuze omnye umntu ukuba abuke umva kunye nentloko.
- Ukuba ifunyenwe isantya, kufuneka isuswe ngokukhawuleza. Ukususwa kuqhutyelwa ngamanzi okanye i-thread eboshwe kwinqanaba elincinci lomzimba wezinambuzane. Iimfudu kufuneka zijikeleze kwaye ziguqulwe. Dweba, fakela i-mite okanye uqhube kuyo, awukwazi.
- Emva kokususa inambuzane, khawuleza uphathe isilonda kunye naluphi na isisombululo se-antiseptic kwaye uqhagamshelane ne-parasitologist okanye isifo se-infectious disease.