Enye yeyona yingozi kunomntu isifo senhliziyo. I-coronary syndrome eyiyo yimeko ebalulekileyo yomzimba obungozi bokuphila, kwaye isibalo sele sisekho ngelixa. Ukuxilongwa okunjalo kwenziwa ngosuku lokuqala, ngoxa oogqirha benza uphando kwaye baqikelele ubunzima bemiphumo.
I-coronary syndrome efanelekileyo-yintoni na?
I-acon coronary syndrome okanye i-ACS-kukuphulwa kwegazi kuphuma kumthambo, okondla intliziyo. Ukuba inqanawa incitshiswa kakhulu kwaye inxalenye encinci okanye enkulu ye-myocardium iyeka ukusebenza kakuhle okanye ifile, oko kutyunjwa. Ngethuba lokuxilongwa (ngosuku lokuqala emva kokuphuhliswa kwesifo), izazi ze-cardiologists zenza unyango ukubuyisela ubuchule.
Emva kokufumana iziphumo, ugqirha unokukwazi ngokuchanekileyo malunga nokuba isigulane senza i-myocardial infarction (MI) okanye ukuba i- angina engaqinisekanga (NA) ibonakalisa. Ukuxilongwa kwe-ACS idibeneyo kwaye idinga unyango oluphuthumayo, ngenxa yokuba isifo sifanele ufake ukungena kweziyobisi ezonakalisa i-blood clot kwimithambo yeentliziyo, ngaphakathi kweyure eziyi-1.5 emva kweempawu zokuqala.
Ukuba ngeli xesha aliyi kuba lixesha, izazi ze-cardiologists zinokumisela kuphela ukuxhaswa kweziyobisi ezinciphisa indawo yendawo efayo kunye nenkxaso yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuba unokukhawuleza uhlaselwe yintliziyo kwaye ungahambi imizuzu eyi-10 emva kokuphumla, ukubiza ngokukhawuleza i-ambulensi. Iinkqubo ezingenakuphikiswa emzimbeni ziqala ukuphuhlisa nokuqokelela, ugqirha okhawulezayo kuphela unokugcina umntu.
I-coronary syndrome efanelekileyo-izizathu
Isizathu esona sikhulu sokuphuhliswa kwesifo se-coronary syndrome kukuphambuka ngokukhawuleza kwegazi kwi-muscle ye-cardiac, enokuthi ingabikho ngenxa yokubonelela ngokwaneleyo oksijini kumzimba okanye ukungabi naso ngexabiso eliphezulu. Isiseko sokuziphatha kwesi sifo sithathwa njengokutshatyalaliswa kweenqanawa kunye nokuqhekeka okanye ukuphuka kwendawo.
Ezinye izizathu ze-ACS zingaba:
- I-coronary artery thrombosis yinto eyenziwa ngumxube weoli, i-cholesterol kunye ne-calcium. Bangabonakala kuyo nayiphi na isitya kwaye bahambe kunye negazi entliziyweni.
- I-Atherosclerosis yeerterotic coronary - iyakondla intliziyo yesisu. Esi sifo esingapheliyo esibonakaliswe ukulahleka kwe-elasticity ezindongeni zeempahla kunye nokudibanisa kwazo, kwakunye nokunciphisa kwe-lumen kwi-plaque.
Ukongeza kwizizathu ze-ACS, kukho neemeko ezibangela ukuqala kwesi sifo. Ngodibaniso lweemeko ezinjalo, ithuba lokufumana iingxaki zentliziyo landa. Ezi ziquka:
- ukunyanya;
- yokuphila;
- isifo sikashukela;
- ukutshaya notywala;
- uxinzelelo rhoqo;
- ukuzalwa;
- ubudala (emva kweminyaka engama-40);
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kokutya okunamafutha;
- amaqondo aphezulu e-cholesterol;
- ngokwesini.
I-coronary syndrome eyi-acute - iimpawu
I-syndrome ye-coronary insufficiency ehambelana neempawu ezinjalo:
- Intlungu enamandla kwaye iqhubekayo esifubeni, enesimo esicinezelayo, esivuthayo okanye esicinezelayo. Uhlaselo lunokugqibela ukususela kwimitha engama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ezimbalwa, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ngosuku.
- Ukuqhuba iimpembelelo ezibuhlungu kunye nokuphela kweentsholongwane kwicandelo elisentla elingasekhohlo lomzimba (umnwe omncinci, ingalo, i-scapula, intamo, iimbambo kunye nomhlathi ophantsi).
- Ubuhlungu bubonakalisa kwindawo yokuphumla, ukulala okanye emva kokuzikhandla ngokomzimba.
- Ukuvakalelwa kokungabikho komoya okanye uvakalelo;
- Isikhumba esikhumbeni, ukukhupha okubandayo kwiphezu.
- Isingqinisiso esingaqhelekanga kwinkqubo yesantya sokuxininisa: ukungazidideki, ukuzithiba okuncinci, uloyiko lokwesaba, oluqhubeka lukhula.
- I-nitrolycerin ayizange incede ukuyeka intlungu.
- Ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo yesigqi, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukuphelelwa amandla, ukuphefumla, intlungu esiswini.
Iyintoni ingozi ye-coronary syndrome?
Xa uphendula umbuzo malunga nokuba yiziphi iingxaki ezine-coronary syndrome echaphazelekayo, izinga lokufa, elilinganiselwa kuma-30%, kufuneka liqwalaselwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufa kubakho kwizigulane ngaphambi kokufika koogqirha. Isizathu esona sizathu sokwenza i-fibrillation ye-ventricular. Izinto eziphambili ezibhekiselele ekubalukeleni kwimeko:
- iminyaka yesigulane idlule iminyaka engama-60;
- ukuphosa okuphambili kwixinzelelo legazi;
- i-palpitation yakhawuleza;
- emiphakeni kunemiba emanzi;
- uphuhliso lwe-pulema ye-pulema;
- uxinzelelo olwandisiweyo kwi-pulmonary artery;
- kuncipha kwixabiso lomlambo ohlukanisiweyo.
I-coronary syndrome eyi-Acute-diagnosis
Wonke umntu ofumana iimpawu ezithile kufuneka ahlolwe esibhedlele. Ukuxilongwa kwe-acon coronary syndrome iquka:
- uhlalutyo lwezikhalazo kunye nokufundisisa i-anamnesis;
- iimvavanyo zegazi kunye nomchamo;
- coagulogram;
- echocardiography;
- i-coronary angiography;
- tomography;
- i-electrocardiography - yindlela eyona nto ekuxilongweni kwe-coronary syndrome;
- imaging magnontic resonance - ikuvumela ukuba uhlole ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwi-myocardium kwaye ulinganise ukuhamba kwegazi.
I-coronary syndrome eyi-ECG
Ukuxilonga i-coronary syndrome ye-myocardial infarction ingaba emva kwe-electrocardiography - indlela yokurekhoda nokurekhoda umsebenzi wombane weentliziyo zethu. Ukuqhuba uphando kuyakunqweneleka ngexesha leentlungu, uze uyilinganise kunye nomzimba womzimba ngaphambi okanye emva kokuhlaselwa. Ukuhlolisisa umsebenzi womzimba oyintloko womntu ubalulekile ngamaxesha amaninzi kulo lonke uphando.
I-coronary syndrome eyi-acute - ukunakekelwa ngongxamiseko
Uncedo lokuqala kwi-coronary syndrome efunekayo kufuneka linikezwe isigulane ngaphambi kokufika kwe-ambulensi. Iquka ezi zigaba:
- Isigulana sifanele sibekwe emhlane, amahlombe kunye nentloko ephakanyiswe ngama-30-40 degrees.
- Ukukhulula umntu kwiingubo ezinxibileyo, vula ifestile ukuze kungabikho nto ephazamisa ukungenisa umoya kwimiphunga.
- Xa kungabikho i-edema ye-pulmatic, isigulane kufuneka ifune iipilisi ezintathu ze-Aspecard okanye i-Aspirin-Cardio.
- Nciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ukuba luphezulu kunama-90 ukuya kuma-60 mm. gt; ke unike ixhoba i-tablet ye nitroglycerin, phinda emva kwemizuzu eyi-10.
- Ukuqwalasela imeko yesigulane, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuhlalisa ngamagama (unganiki naluphi na uhlobo oluncedo), ukuba unako, makumkhombe ngokujulile nangakumbi.
- Xa kungabikho ukuphefumla kwisigulane, yenza ukuphefumla okufakwayo kunye nokuvuselela.
I-coronary syndrome efanelekileyo-unyango
Ukunyanga unyango lwe-coronary syndrome kwinqununu yokunyamekela kakhulu okanye kwiinkathalo ezinzulu. Iziguli zinikezelwa:
- unyango lwe thrombolytic;
- stenirovanie kunye ne-angioplasty;
- i-coronary bypass;
- i-coronary atherectomy;
- ukujikeleza okujikelezayo.