I-BCG (iBillillum Calmette Guerin, BCG) isitofu sokulwa nesifo sofuba. Abadali beli gonongo - izazinzulu zaseFransi uGeren neKalmet, zachaza ukufumanisa kwabo ngo-1923. Ngaloo nto, ngowe-1923, isitofu sokugonya saqala ukusetyenziswa. Esi sidakamizwa sasasazwa ngokubanzi kwiminyaka emininzi kamva. E-USSR, abantwana baqala ukufumana ugonyamelo olufunekayo kunye nokugonywa kwe-BCG ukususela ngo-1962.
I-BCG ikhusela njani isifo sofuba?
Ukugonywa kwe-BCG iqulethe i-bacillus ye-tubercle ye-bovine ye-tubercle. Umqolo we-bacillus awuxhatshazelanga kwimeko yangaphandle kwaye, ngexesha elifanayo, ubangela isifo kumntu ngendlela enokuthi ukukhuselwa ngumzimba kungakhutshwa kuyo.
Isifo sofuba siyaziwa ixesha elide. Kwimbali ende le sigulo ayizange ithathe ubomi babantu abayiwaka. Esi sifo siba yingxaki yangempela yentlalo kunye neendlela zokulwa nazo kufuneka zibe yinto enamandla kakhulu. Isifo sesifo sofuba sithinta abantwana ngokukhawuleza, kuba isistim somzimba sabantwana asiqhubeki kakuhle malunga nezifo ezinjalo. Ukugonywa kwe-BCG kunciphise kakhulu ukuhlutha nokufa kwabantu besifo esiyingozi kumntu, njengoko isifo sofuba kulula ukukhusela ngaphezu kokunyanga.
Ukugonywa kwe-BCG
Ukugonywa kwe-BCG yintloko yokugonywa ebomini kwintsana. Ukugonywa kwenziwa ngomhla we-3-7 ngosuku lobomi bomntwana. I-Revaccination yenziwa eneminyaka engama-7 ne-14. Kukho uhlobo lokugonywa kwe-BCG - BCG m - ngaphezulu kokunciphisa. Esi sitofu sisetyenzisiweyo kubantwana abakweli candelo:
- iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha eziye zafumana ubunzima (ngokuqhelekileyo ukugonya kwe-BCG kunikwa ngomhla wokugqibela ngaphambi kokukhutshwa);
- abantwana abangagonyanga i-BCG esibhedlele ngenxa yokuchasene. Kule meko, ukhuseleko lwe-BCG lwenziwe xa kuqhotyoshelwe ingqungquthela;
- Abantwana abazalwe kwiindawo ezinesifo esifanelekileyo sesifo sofuba.
Izimpembelelo ezingalunganga kunye neengxaki ze-BCG
Ukugonywa kwe-BCG kulawulwa nge-intradermally. Ukuphendula ngokuqhelekileyo komzimba kwi-BCG yokugonywa ngumkhondo kwesikhumba. Le nxeba ibonisa ukutshintshwa ngokuphumelelayo kwesifo sofuba. Ukuba inqabana elukhumbeni emva kwe-BCG ifaka, kufuneka ufunde ugqirha.
Ngokutsho koogqirha, ubuninzi beengxaki emva kokugonywa kwe-BCG kubangelwa yindlela engafanelekanga yokuqalisa isitofu. Ukugonywa kwe-BCG kwiintsana kuyingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu, ngexesha lokuthobeka kufuneka lugcinwe, okokuqala. Xa kukho iimvumi, ukubetha okukhulu, ukunyuka kokuphila ngokubanzi emva kwe-BCG kumntwana, kuyimfuneko ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza ugqirha.
Ukungqinelana kwi-BCG
I-BCG yokugonywa iyaphikiswa kumaqela alandelayo abantwana:
- abantwana abantakwabo abanenkxalabo emva kokugonywa nge-BCG;
- abantwana abanentsapho abane-HIV-positive;
- Abantwana abanezifo ezinzima zesisu okanye ezifa (i-Down syndrome, ukukhubazeka);
- abantwana abanezifo ezithathelwanayo. Kule meko, ukugonywa kwe-BCG kulibazisekile kude kube yinto yokubuyisela ngokupheleleyo umntwana;
- iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha, kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokungcoliswa kwangaphambili.
Vavanyo lweMantoux
Uvavanyo lweMantoux yindlela yokufumanisa okokuqala isifo sofuba. Uvavanyo lweMantoux luququzelelo lokulawulwa kwamanqanaba amancinci we-tuberculin, i-allergen, kumzimba womntwana, ofumaneka kwiibhaktheriya zesifo sofuba. Emva koko, iintsuku ezintathu, ukuphendulwa kwendawo kuhlolwa. Ukuba kukho ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqatha, kuthetha ukuba umzimba wengane sele udibene nesifo se-TB. Uvavanyo lweMantoux kunye nokugonywa kwe-BCG akufani. Uvavanyo lweMantoux lwenziwa rhoqo ngonyaka nangenxa yabantwana abaxolelwe kwizigulane.