Abaninzi abahlali behlobo bafuna ukuba neqhinga labo, ukulima kunye nokunyamekela oko kwenziwa ngokuqwalasela ezinye iinkalo. Isityalo siphumelele ngempumelelo naziphi na iimeko kwaye sisasazeka kwihlabathi, ikakhulukazi kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo. Inkcubeko ixabiswa njengomthengisi obalulekileyo we-vitamin C.
Leek - inkcazo
I-leek yegadi i-biennial ye-herbaceous enokuphakama kwe-0.4 ukuya kwi-1 m. Ukususela kwi-tuber yamangqina, ikhula iqhosha elimhlophe elivela ngaphantsi (inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesityalo kunye nenambitheka encinci) kunye nenani elikhulu lamaqabunga ama-lanceolate amade adibeneyo. Umbala wabo u-emerald okanye i-blue. Ngomnyaka wesibini wobomi, i-floret yobisi ifakwe kwisityalo, imbewu yokuvuthwa iminyaka emibini ivuthwa. I-leek ibinqanda ukukhupha, ukukhula kumzantsi kwenziwa ngokutshala imbewu emhlabathini, ngasenyakatho - ngoncedo lwezityalo. Inkcubeko idinga umswakama kunye nama-hibernates ngexesha lokufudumala nge-sawdust okanye peat.
Leek - iintlobo
I-teknoloji yamahlumela akhula anokunika iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuvuthwa:
- Ukuqala ukuqokelelwa ngo-Agasti-ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, ivelise iintsuku ezili-150, amaqabunga awanamanzi, ukuya ku-3 cm ububanzi.
- Ixesha elide - isivuno sokuvuna ngo-Oktobha, sikhula imihla eyi-180, imilenze ububanzi ukuya kwi-7 cm ngaphesheya.
Iintlobo ezintle zee-eek, i-cultivation kunye nokunyamekela okungeze kube neengxaki ezizodwa:
- I-Jolant - yokuqala, engaxhomeki kwizifo ezifayo;
- I-Casimir - ekuqaleni, i-compact, ngokuveliswa komkhiqizo;
- I-Tango - yokuqala, iqhwala, ivumela;
- I-Columbus - iintlobo zokuqala zokukhula, ukucoca i-trunk akudingeki ukuba iphakame;
- I-Carrantan - iindidi ezidlulileyo kunye nomnandi omnandi, inqanaba lesitshixo lifikelela kuma-25 cm;
- Indlovu - emva kwexesha, iqabunga kunye nokulwa nesomiso, kunye namahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ehlanganiswe ngengubo ye-wax;
- Iqonga lekwindla liye lapheka ngeenyawo ezinkulu ukuya kwi-40 cm high kunye no-8 cm ngaphesheya.
Iileki - ukutyala nokunyamekela
Kwiinkalo ezininzi unokuba neqhosha lakho, ukulima kunye nokunakekelwa kwenzelwa kwimbewu okanye ngoncedo lwezityalo ezixhomekeke kummandla. Umhlaba kwiibhedi ezilinywayo azibandakanyekanga. Ngenxa yoko, i-lime yongezwa kwi-asidi yomhlaba, kwaye i-peat yongezwa kumhlaba we-alkali. Ngekwindla intsimi ifakelwe umquba - 6-8 kg nge-1 sq. Abaqulunqo beenkcubeko kufuneka babe ngamazambane, isitshalo seqanda, ithanga. Uluhlu luyakuthanda ilanga, ukutshala kunye nokukhula luqhutyelwa kwindawo evulekile, kunye nokukhanya okukhulu, kude nemithi. Ngentwasahlobo, umhlaba usasazwa nge-humus-3 kg nge-1 sq.m.
Ukukhula kweeeks zeeeks ngokusebenzisa izityalo
Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezicothayo izilwanyana ezisetyenziswayo, ukulima kuqala ngala magama alandelayo:
- maphakathi noFebhuwari - kwiibhokisi ezikhethekileyo efestile;
- maphakathi no-Apreli - kwi-greenhouse;
- ekupheleni kuka-Apreli-phantsi kwe-cellophane engadini.
Imithetho yokunyamekela izityalo:
- Inkqubo idinga ibhokisi okanye i-cassette ye-peat;
- imbewu phambi kokuhluma zihluma kwi-gauze emanzi iminyaka emi-2-3;
- Imbewu iyancwatyiswa yi-1 cm, ityalwe emigqeni kunye ne-5 cm phakathi komnye nomnye, inqanaba eliphakathi kwembewu ye-2 cm;
- ngaphambi kokuba kuhlume, ukusela kunokwenziwa imihla ngemihla (ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa kwamanzi);
- ibhokisi okokuqala ihlanganiswe ne-cellophane, ifakwe kwindawo kunye neemeko + 22-25 ° C;
- ekupheleni kweeveki ezine, uhlaza luya kwiibhotile, kude kube sekupheleni kuka-Apreli izityalo zifuna ukunakekelwa okhethekileyo-ukukhanyisa ngezibane. Xa ukhula izithombo kwiipatti zepat, ukufakelwa akudingeki;
- ubushushu emva kokuhluma kokuhluma ngu-20 ° C emini kwaye akukho ngaphezu kwe-14 ° C ebusuku. Ukuba igumbi lihlala litshisa, iifolo zentyatyambo zakhiwa kunyaka wokuqala, kwaye akuyiyo elandelayo;
- Ukufika emhlabathini kwenziwa kwimihla yokugqibela kaMeyi-ekuqaleni kukaJuni (iintsuku ezingama-60 emva kokuhlwayela), kunye nokusekwa kobushushu obuqhubekayo;
- Iingcambu zinyongelwe kwisibhakabhaka sedongwe, kwaye i-specimen nganye iyancwina ngokucwangciswa ngo-10 cm kwisilungiso esilungisiweyo.
Iileeks - ezikhulayo ezivela kwimbewu
Kwiindawo ezisemzantsi, inkcubeko ityalwe kwindawo evulekile. Xa kubuzwa, xa utshalwa kwaye uhlalisa iilisi ze-anyanisi ezivela kwimbewu, abalimi banika iingcebiso, bahlwayela emva koMeyi 15. Iibhedi ezisuka ekwindla zixutywe kwaye zifakwe ifilimu emnyama yokufudumala. Isiqingatha sexesha elide kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate kwaye sahluma iintsuku ezingama-2-3 kwi-napkin yamanzi, imbewu ihlwayelwe emhlabathini ngokwemigangatho ye-15x15 cm kwimigca. Ukutyala kuhlanjwe, kuhlanganiswe ne-cellophane ngaphambi kokuvela. Ngamanye amaxesha iilisi zihlwayelwa ebusika ngoNovemba, kwaye isayithi ixutywe ngokucophelela nge- peat, sawdust, ize ifafazwe ngekhephu. Izithombo ziya kuvela entwasahlobo.
Ukunyamekela iilki
Ukuhlakulela ihlunu elixubileyo, ukunakekelwa kwezilwanyana kufaka isethi yemigaqo yendabuko - ukutyilisa ngokucwangcisiweyo, ukukhula, ukucoca ukhula ukusuka kwokhula, ukuchumisa, ukukhusela kwizifo. Iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zokulima izityalo, ukuvumela ukufumana isiqalo esimhlophe, esona siphumelelo esona siqithi:
- Izihlandlo ezithathu ngexesha lohlaza, inkcubeko iyalinywa. Qalisa ukufafaza isiqithi kunye nobuncwane obongezelelweyo bomhlaba phakathi kwehlobo, ukunyamekela okunjalo emva kokunisela, ke iilki zixutywe ngotshani okanye utshani obomileyo.
- Ukuhlengahlengiswa kwenziwa rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini. Emva kwesitshixo se-anyanisi sele sifinyelele ubukhulu bepencilisi, i-padding idibene kunye neentaba.
- Ukukhusela isityalo kwi-flyion fly, indawo iyafafazwa ngothuli okanye umlotha, izaqathe zitsalwa kufuphi.
- Ukulwa nezifo zefungal (i-rust, powdery isikhutha ) i-phytosporin iluncedo. Ukuthintela imifanekiso yamagqabi ayenziwa ngokusebenzisa imbewu ekhutshelwe i-disinfected, ukususa ukhula. Kwindawo enye isityalo singasalinywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphezu kwesinye kwiminyaka emine.
- Ukuvuna isityalo kuze kufike u--5 ° C.
- Gcina iziqu ebhokisini elungileyo kwisanti kunye neenyanga ezintandathu.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokukhula kweeeks - ukuthambisa
Ukunisela okubalulekileyo kuyisitshixo ekukhuleni okukhawulezileyo kwesityalo, esithintela ukungabikho kwamanzi. Iileki - iimfihlelo zokunisela nokukhula:
- Izityalo azikwazi ukumanyiwa iintsuku ezintathu zokuqala emva kokutyala;
- kunye nokunyusa ukunakekelwa okulandelelweyo kwenziwa rhoqo kwiintsuku ezintlanu, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi afudumele li-10 ilitha nganye kwi-sq. m yesiqendu;
- kwenkomfa ukukhula kwesityalo kumisiwe, emva kokunkcenkceshela (akukho ngaphantsi kwama-lititha ezingama-20 kwi-1 yemitha yesigcawu) kwakhona;
- Ukunyuka kwamanzi kumabhedlele akunakuvunyelwa - kutshabalalisa iingcambu;
- i-hydration esebenzayo kakhulu kwisityalo - kunye nemifula;
- Ukunyangwa kwamaqela emigca kunomdla wokugcina umswakama kunye nokukhusela umhlaba kwokhula.
Ukukhula kweeeks kwi-dacha - top dressing
Ngethuba lexesha, inkcubeko inondliwa ngamaxesha amaninzi, ngelixa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isityalo siphendule kakubi kwi-nitrogen-inokubola, ingakumbi ngexesha lokugcina ixesha elide. Iimpawu zamaLek - ukugqoka okongezelelweyo kunye nokunyamekela:
- Kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokufika, kuyimfuneko ukuhambisa umhlaba ngesisombululo se-20 g ye- nitmonium nitrate kunye ne-15 g yetyuwa ye-potassium kwi-10 ilitha yamanzi (inani lokutshiza i-fertilizer lanele ngokwezi-4 square meters).
- Izifo ziphinda ziphindwe rhoqo kwiiveki 2-3.
- Impendulo egqibeleleyo i-leek kunye ne-organic-isisombululo se- mullein (1: 8) okanye i-droppings (1:20).
- Ngaphambi kokuba nganye intaba, i-1 inkomishi yomthi womthi uyongezwa phantsi ngomlinganiselo we-1 meter square yecebo.