Ukuxazulula ingxaki, indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia, umntu kufuneka abhekane neengxaki ezahlukeneyo, ekufundeni iteknoloji yokuhluma nokucoca izithombo , ukukhusela imifuno eluhlaza kwizinto ezinobungozi. Zonke iinzame ezenzelwe ukuhlawula ngokuphindwe kabini, kuba ngokwezinto zokukhenketha le nkcubeko ihlala kwindawo ekhokelela kwihlabathi.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-petunias engadini?
Ukuba unomdla kumbuzo wendlela yokukhulisa i-petunia, kucetyiswa ukuba uqhelane nemvelaphi yentyatyambo kunye neentlobo zayo ezidumile. Le shrub yokuhlobisa ibhekisela kwintsapho yaseSolanaceae, abaphandi baseYurophu baqala ukuyifumana eBrazil. Izalamane ezisondeleyo ze-petunia zanamhlanje icuba kunye neetatati kunye namazambane, kwimimandla efudumeleko iyalinywa njengexesha elingapheliyo. Sinesi siko sakhula njengonyaka ukwenzela ukuhlobisa i-backyard, loggias okanye i-balconies.
Ngokuzalisa izityalo zasendle iminyaka emininzi, iintlobo ezininzi zee-hybride ziye zachongwa ezidumileyo kwiimpawu zazo zokuzihombisa. Kwimibuzo yendlela yokukhulisa i-petunia ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka uqale ukufuna ukuba yeyiphi iiforathi ezifanele ukukhetha xa uthengisa imbewu yezona zininzi ezifanelekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeepaluni kunye neeplassiki ezininzi eziphambili:
- I-Cascade petunia - ifana neentlobo ezinkulu, ezinokukwazi ukubonelela ngamasebe amade. Ukuba awunalo amava, njani ukukhula ukuhlahlela i-petunia, ngoko ungatshala ngaphezulu kwezityalo ezintathu kwisitya esinye. Iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo - iCherry, iTrumbon, i-Duble Cascade, iSiliva, i-Gioconda, i-Ramblin.
- I-Ampelia petunia yi- shrub enamandla enezihluma ezinamaxesha amade, ezifakwe kwihlobo leqabunga kunye ne-buddha ye-50-10 cm ububanzi. Imvula yamanzi, i-Lilac Surf, i-White, i-Royal Magenta, i-Mystic Pink, i-White, i-Pink, iLavender, i-Blue, I-wave, i-Wave Wave.
- I-shrub petunia - iifom ezikhulayo ezinokuphakama kwehlathi ukuya kwi-30 cm. Kubuninzi kubantu abayicombulula ingxaki, indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia kwiimbiza kwiindawo ezilinganiselwe. Iintlobo eziphakanyisiwe nguMculi, Sonata, Valentine, Duo F1, Double Cascade Plum Wayne.
- I-Petunia floribunda - kwiikhathalogu itholakala kwindawo ephakathi phakathi kweentlobo ezinkulu kunye neentlobo ezininzi. Iintyatyambo ziba ububanzi ukuya kwi-10 cm, zibukeka zinkulu xa zihlobisa imitha enkulu. Ukuhlakulela kwiindawo zokuhlala, iingcali zincoma ilandelayo uluhlu lweentlobo ze-petunia floribunda - iNyanaya F1 Series, i-Celebrity rong F1 Series, i-Madness F1 Series.
I-Petunia - ikhula ukusuka kwimbewu
Ukusombulula ingxaki yendlela yokukhupha i-petunia enomtsalane kwiimbewu ekhaya, unokwenza nje kwaye ungenayo imali eninzi. Imbewu emitsha efunyenwe ixutywe kunye nesihlabathi somlambo kwaye ihlwayelwe kwindawo ekhanyayo, ehlanjululwe ngendlela engafanelekanga. Phalaza amanzi amancinci phezulu uze udibanise isitya kunye neklasi yeklasi, ekushiseni kwe-23 ° C petunia iya kunyuka ngeveki. Uthotho lugcina i-moderation, ukuze kungabhubhisi ukuphuhliswa komlenze omnyama . Khetha kwi-greenhouse esiyivelisa ukususela ngo-Apreli, kwindawo evulekile ye-petunia ikhulile kunye nokufika kobushushu obuzinzile.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia kwi-cuttings?
Ngokuzaliswa kwembewu, isiqingatha sezimbewu zikhula kunye ne-petunia izimbali ezilula, ngoko ke iinqununu zikhula kakhulu kwiifom ze-terry zokugcina iimpawu ze-varietal. Iibhola zasebusika kwiinyanga zasebusika zigcinwa kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kwindawo yokushisa ye-12 ° C. Ngo-Matshi, nqunqa ama-cuttings ngamaqabunga ama-4-5. Emva kokususa amaqabunga aphantsi aphantsi, amahlumela aphathwa nge "Kornevin". Emva koko bafakwa emhlabathini kwisanti, i-turf kunye ne-compost. Siyancwina izityalo kwiikomityi enye nengxenye yesiqingatha ngaphezu kweqhina. Nciphisa i-petunia phantsi kweglasi kwiqondo lokushisa ukuya kuma-25 ° C, ukudala usuku olukhanyayo ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-16.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia enhle kwimbewu?
Ukuba ukuhlwayelwa kwembewu kuqiniswe, ngoko isityalo siyagula kwaye solule, ngokubonakala kwe 2-3 kushiya ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba udlulisele amahlumela kwikhobe enye. Kwimeko, indlela yokunyamekela ikhaya le-petunia emva kokukhetha, into ephambili kukubonelela ngokukhanyisa kakuhle kwaye uhlale kwiqondo lokushisa lama-22 ° C. Sondla i-cuttings kunye nezichumisi ezinomsoco ezixakekayo kwiintyatyambo nganye iintsuku ezili-10. Ukuba izityalo zihlanjelwe, i-petunia ikhule, izityalo ezikhulayo ziqhubeka zivulekile. Iimbewu zonyaka zihanjiswe kumyezo okanye kwibharkoni ukususela ngoMeyi, kukhetha ukutyala iiyure zokuhlwa kunye neentsuku ezinamafu.
Kukuphi ukukhula petunia?
Ingxaki yendlela yokukhulisa i-petunia, kungcono ukucombulula ngoncedo olwenziweyo okanye oluthengiweyo kwi-seedlings. Ukumboza ngeglasi okanye iiplastiki ezibonakalayo, ukudala i-microclimate ephezulu ngaphakathi. Enye indlela efanelekileyo yokufumana i-petunia flower seedlings iyakukhula imbewu kwiiphilisi zamaphepha. Ngale ndlela, unokwenza ngaphandle kokukhethiweyo, ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo, kwaye uwatshintshe ngqo emhlabathini okanye ebhodweni elikhulu.
Unokunyamekela njani i-petunia engadini?
Ukuba ubeka iinjongo, indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia enhle, kulo lonke ixesha elidityaniswe ngeentyantyambo ezintle, uze uthabathe ukutshala inqabileyo evulekileyo ekhanyayo. Eyona nto ihamba phambili, ikhula emhlabathini ongathathi hlangothi, igqoke nge-humus. Xa umhlaba ulungiselelwe kwaye sakwazi ukufumana imbewu enamandla kunye nenempilo ye-petunia izimbali, njani ukunyamekela kwindawo evulekile?
Imithetho yePetunia yokumisa umhlaba:
- Iintlobo zeentlobo ezincinci ezinamanzi zifumaneka emva kwe-15-20 cm,
- I-petunias ezinkulu zikhulile nge 25-30 cm,
- Iifom zezifom ze-ampel zizityalo zitsalane kumgama wama-35 cm ukuya kuma-50 cm,
- iintlobo zeentlobo zityalwe kwiibhodwe ezine-5 litre,
- kwiifom ze-ampel, kufuneka uthenge izimbiza ngobukhulu beelitha ezili-10,
- I-petunias enamandla yokulima ifuna isitya kunye nomthamo wama-30 ilitha.
Unokunyamekela njani i-petunia ehlobo?
Iintlobo ezininzi zityalo zihluma iintlobo ngeentyantyambo ezinkulu, xa zikhulile kwimozulu emanzi okanye ukungabikho kokukhanyisa, zihlala zikhula izifo ezibangelwa ukuphela kokukhula. Ingozi yezinto zokubhabhisa izindudumo ngeendwangu ezinamandla kunye nesichotho, esoloko esitshabalalisa ipesenti enkulu yezityalo. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukutyala iintlobo ezincinci ebhedeni, kwaye ukubeka iindleko ezinqabileyo kwaye ezinqabileyo kwisitya esiphathekayo. Ukuhlakulela i-petunia emhlabathini ngeendlela zobumbanyo kunenzuzo ngakumbi kuba abanini banokususa kalula izitya kwiimeko ezinobungozi ngaphantsi komtya.
Unokunyamekela njani i-petunia, ukuze iqhube ngokubanzi?
Kwimibuzo yendlela yokunyamekela i-petunia ukuze ihlume ngokukhawuleza kwaye ininzi kulo lonke ixesha elifudumeleyo, umhlali angasebenzisa ubuqhetseba obunye, obuhlala bunikeza impembelelo enkulu - i-prischipku. Le ndlela ibangele i-branching yehlathi kwaye ivuselele ukukhula kobunzima obuhlaza. Kwi sityalo esincinane, i-pinch eyenziwa kwi-internode yesihlanu, kunye nokukhula kwe-pruning kwenziwa kuwo onke amahlumela amakhulu omdala.
Indlela yokuhambisa ipilunia?
Xa ucwangcisa ukuba kaninzi kangakanani ukuhambisa i-petunia, zama ukuzalisa umhlaba. Ubuncwane obunjalo kunye namanzi aqhubekileyo abangela ukubola kweengcambu. Umjelo olungileyo ulungisa iingxaki ezininzi kwaye unceda ukugcina imeko. Kwimozulu eshushu, unokwenza i-petunias ezimbini zokunisela ngosuku. Nangona le nkcubeko enomdla idume ngokumelana nokunyamezela kwayo, le meko ayikwazi ukufakwa ekupheliseni ngokupheleleyo komhlaba. Ukuba ithempompo yamanzi ikhuni, ke iyancipha kancane ngaphambi kokunisela.
Petunia ukondla
Kwisigaba sokuqala sokukhula, isityalo sondliwa ngamaqhekeza e-liquid for the flowers with formula NPK 10-10-10. Ukwandisa okongezelelweyo umxholo we-phosphorus ne-potassium, ukhethe ukulungiselela ngamanqaku ancedo uNPK 10-15-20 okanye iNPK 10-15-15. Ukuphononongwa okulungileyo kukho isichumiso esidumileyo "iKemira", "Master" okanye "Agricola" . Ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwi-petunia izigulane zokugqoka eziqhelekileyo - ukunyuswa kwe-nettle yemveliso yasekhaya. Ukusika izityalo zifakwe emgqonyeni kwaye zizaliswe ngamanzi, emva kweentsuku ezi-3 zokuvumba, i-liquid is decanted and diluted in proportion 1:20.
Unokunyamekela njani i-petunia yeentyantyambo?
Iiprischipku izihluma ziqhubeka lonke ixesha elifudumeleyo. Ukunciphisa ubude besibhobho ukuya kwesithathu, kusiza isityalo ukuba siphumule, sishukumise isantya esitsha seentyantyambo. Iimpawu ezinqambileyo zilahla okanye zisetyenziselwa ukusabalalisa izithombo, zihluthwe ngamanzi. Kwimeko, indlela yokunyamekela i-petunia ensimini, indima enkulu idlalwa ngokuhlola rhoqo iibhedi ngeentyatyambo zezimbali. Mkhulule umhlaba, susa ukhula, qi niseka ukuba unqumle ukuhluma kakubi okanye kuhluthiwe. Isityalo esinombulelo ngexesha lokulima siya kuqala ukusebenzisa amandla ngaphandle kokukhula kwembewu, kodwa ekugqumeni nasekukhuleni kwamatsha amatsha.
Iiposiso eziphambili ekukhuleni petunia
Esi sityalo sikhathazeke kakuhle kwiimeko zezulu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo abalimi beentyatyambo bayonakalisa i-petunia, ukudala izimo zokukhula ezingahambelani nobukho balo. Izibambiso zokuqala zilindele umhlali wehlobo ekwahlula imbewu. Ukuba awukwazi imithetho ethile eyisiseko, unako ukufumana izityalo ezinqabileyo okanye izityalo ezibuthathaka kunye nezigulayo, ongenakukwazi ukuzenza kwihlathi eliqinileyo.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ekukhuleni petunia:
- endaweni yokuhlwayela abangenamava abasebenzisa ukuhlwayelwa kwe-petunia emhlabathini ukuya kunzulu,
- Ukuhluma kwembewu entwasahlobo endaweni emnyama ngaphandle kokukhanyisa,
- ukufa kwe-petunia kwi-stagnation yamanzi,
- ngaphandle kwonyango olukhuselweyo, i-petunia iphelelwa zizifo kunye neentlekele,
- Ukutshala kwe-petunia kukukhokelela ekukhuseleni ukukhula,
- Umthamo weebhotile okanye iimbiza azihambelani nepropus.
Petunia - izilwanyana nezifo
Umhlali kufuneka alungiselele kakuhle ihlobo lehlobo, zikhona izifo kunye nezinambuzane ze-petunia, ukukhusela kunye nomzabalazo owenza umzamo omkhulu. UPetunia ungowendlu yeSolanaceae, kwaye ngoko ke uhlupheka ngokukhula kwinto eqhelekileyo kweli qela lezityalo ezikhuhlane kunye nezifo ezinobungozi. Iimali ezinkulu zeemfazwe ezinambuzane aziyi kuchitha, kodwa ngokunyamekela ukuba zikwazi ukudibanisa inkathazo enkulu kwi-flowerbeds.
Izifo eziphambili kunye nezinambuzane ze-petunia:
- umlenze omnyama,
- ukubola,
- ukubola okumhlophe,
- indawo emnyama,
- ukukhawuleza,
- whitefly.
I-Rot iyanqotshwa yi-Skorom, Maxim, kunye ne-biopreparations. Ukuchasana nokukhawuleza kokukhawuleza kunye nokubeka indawo ekuhlaleni i-petunias kuncedwa kakuhle ekusebenzeni "Oxihom", "Ridomil Gold", ubhedu oxicloride. Izinambuzane zitshabalaliswa ngamagama amachiza "Karate", "Decis", "Aktara", iimveliso zezinto eziphilayo. Ungasebenzisa i-sipu infusions kunye necuba, i-decoctions ye-pepper eshushu okanye i-dandelion, nezinye iincwadi zokupheka.