Umbuzo othi yi-Ego, ungabonakala phambi komntu oye wahlangabeza igama elithi "ukuzingca". Kungenxa yolu dlelane ukuba le ngcamango idla ngokubonakalayo ngendlela emncinci nangendlela embi. Enyanisweni, imbono ye-Ego inentsingiselo ebalulekileyo nangakumbi.
Yintoni ego yomntu?
Ukuqonda oko kuthethwa yi-Ego, kuyimfuneko ukujika kwizikolo ezahlukahlukeneyo zengqondo. Kodwa nangona kweli phepha siza kufumana ingcamango esondeleyo yecandelo elingenakulinganiswa lobuntu bethu. Ngaloo nto yakho, ininzi yokucinga ingatholakala kwi-psychoanalysis. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli gama libhekisela kwisimo sangaphakathi somntu onoxanduva lokujonga, ukukhumbula, ukuhlola ihlabathi elikujikelezayo kunye noonxibelelwano noluntu.
I-Ego indoda kunye neyesetyhini inceda abantu ukuba bahlule ngokwasemvelweni, bazibonele ngokwabo kwaye bazimeleyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ndizama ukugcina umntu edibanisa nehlabathi elijikelezile, ndincedise ukuba ndiqonde into eyenzekayo kum kwaye wenze izigqibo kwiimfuneko ezifunekayo. Kulo lonke ubomi, le nxalenye yobuntu iyakwazi ukutshintsha nokwandisa, ukuba umntu wenza iinzame zokukhula ngokomoya.
Iyintoni e-Ego enkulu?
Ingqiqo ye-Ego enkulu okanye ephakamileyo ibhekisela kwindawo yobuqhetseba. I-Ego ephakamileyo yintliziyo yomntu, iimpawu zikaThixo ezifunyenwe kwinkqubo yokuqwalasela izinto eziphezulu zokomoya. Wonke umntu ohlala kwiplanethi yethu uzalwe ejolise ekuyaneliseni iimfuno kunye neemfuno zakhe. Into ephantsi iphosa umntu ukuba abe ngumthengi, aphile ngeendleko zabanye, exhasa impilo yakhe. I-ego eyona nto iyona mthombo weengxaki zonke: umona, ubuxoki, ubugwenxa, ukuhaha.
Ngokungafani nento engaphakathi engundoqo, i-Ego ephezulu ifuna ukuhamba ngaphaya komntu kunye nomzimba kunye nokudibanisa nomhlaba wonke. Imithandazo, i-mantras, ukuqeqesha ngokuzimela kunye nezinye iindlela zokomoya zenza u-Ego athole intsingiselo entsha, ukuba ube mkhulu kwaye mkhulu. Kule nqanaba umntu ufumana iimfuno eziphezulu, uqala ukuqonda abanye njengabantu abasondeleyo. Ngexesha elifanayo uguquko lwabadlali, umphefumlo uyaba lula, ukomoya, kwaye uphelele.
Ngaba igosa elihle okanye elibi?
I-ego yomntu iyindawo ebalulekileyo yesakhiwo somntu . Ngaphandle kwalo, ubukho bomntu onjalo akunakwenzeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba, inkunzi ye-Ego okanye isetyhini, inceda ukuqonda ihlabathi langaphandle kwaye lihlalutye ngombono wokubaluleka komntu. Ngombulelo kumntu wangaphakathi, ngamnye umntu uhamba ngokuya kwihlabathi, ufumana indawo yakhe kunye nokuzimela, kunye noqhagamshelwano nabantu abakujikelezile.
Malunga nokuba kukulungile ukuba ne-ego yakho okanye embi, ungathetha kuphela ngokwezinga lokuphuhliswa kwesi salo kunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo abayithatha yona. Ukuba ihlabathi elizungezile libonwa nje njengesigqeba sokudibana neemfuno zethu, ngoko sinokuthi i-ego iphuhliswe kumgangatho obuthathaka. Uphuhliso olunzulu kakhulu "Ndizama" ukuba yinxalenye yehlabathi, ngoko ke akuqwalaselanga nje izinto ezithandayo, kodwa neenjongo zabanye.
Yintoni i-ID-ID?
Ubunikazi bobalulekileyo luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkolelo ye-psychoanalyst Erik Erikson. Kwimisebenzi yakhe, i-psychoanalyst ibonisa ukuba yi-ego-identity njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwakheka kunye nokuphila ngokuphumelelayo komntu ngamnye. Ingcinga echaphazela ngakumbi iimvakalelo, kungekhona isizathu, ngoko kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-psychotherapy yabesifazane. Ubungqina bokuba ngu-intembeko yengqondo yomntu , apho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo kunye nezomntu zidibanisa.
Ubuni-buni bufezekisa uphuhliso olulungileyo xa kuthembela komntu endleleni yokuphila nokuzimisela ngokwezigaba ezintathu: ezopolitiko, ubugcisa, inkolo. Ukungaqiniseki komntu kubangela ukuphuhliswa kwengxaki. Into ebalulekileyo phakathi kweengxaki ngumntwana osemtsha, umsebenzi wakhe ukuzisa umntu okhulayo kwizinga elitsha lokuqonda kunye nokuziqonda.
Ego - ingqondo
I-Ego yangaphakathi ihlala iphakathi kwenkalo yabameli be-psychoanalysis. Le nxalenye yengqondo yomntu yaqwalaselwa ngokubambisana ne-Ono (Id) kunye ne-Super-I (Super-Ego). Umsunguli wale ngcamango nguSigmund Freud, owayecinga ukuba amandla okuqhuba abantu kunye nemvelo. Abalandeli bakhe - A. Freud, E. Erickson no-E. Hartmann - bakholelwa ukuba i-ego yinto emelekileyo ngaphezu kweFreud ecinga ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu.
Yintoni i-Frego's Ego?
I-ego ye-Freud iyindawo ehlelekile kakhulu kwi-psyche ejongene nokuthembeka, inhlangano kunye nenkumbulo. Ngokutsho kukaFrud, "Ndifuna ukukhusela i-psyche kwiimeko ezingamnandi kunye neenkumbulo. Ukwenza oku, usebenzisa iindlela zokukhusela. I-ego ngumlamli phakathi kwe-Id kunye ne-Super-Ego. Ndiyaqwalasela imilayezo esuka kwi-Id, ndiyibuyisele kwakhona kwaye ndenze ngokusekelwe kwenkcazelo efunyenweyo. Kungatsho ukuba i-ego ngummeleli we-Id kunye nomthumeli wayo kwilizwe elingaphandle.
Ego - umxholo kaErickson
I-ego yengqondo ye-Erickson, nangona eyakhiwe ngesiseko somsebenzi kaFreud, nangona kunjalo yayineenkcaso ezinkulu. Ugxininiso oluphambili lwengcamango lubekwe kwixesha elide. Umsebenzi we-Ego, ngo-Erickson, uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lomntu. Ndiyakwazi ukuhlakulela, ukuhlakulela ebomini bam, ukulungisa ngokungafanelekanga ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kunye nokunceda ukulwa iingxabano zangaphakathi. Nangona u-Erikson kwaye wabela i-Ego njengezinto ezihlukeneyo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo liqwalasela ngokungenakulinganiswa kunye nenxalenye yentlalo kunye neyomntu ngamnye.
Kwiingcamango zakhe zophuhliso, u-E. Erickson ubeka ugxininiso olukhulu kwixesha lobuntwana. Eli xesha elide livumela umntu ukuba aphuhlise ingqondo aze afumane isiseko esilungileyo sokuziphucula ngokwengeziwe. Ukungabikho kwengxaki yobuntwana, ngokwesazi senzululwazi, ngumthwalo wezinto ezingenangqondo, amaxhala, ukwesaba okuchaphazela umgangatho wophuhliso oluqhubekayo.
Ewe wenene nobuxoki
Udidi lweqiniso kunye lobuxoki I-Eg ayisebenzisi kwintlalo yengqondo, kodwa iziphumo zemfundiso ezichazwe kwiincwadi zakudala zaseNdiya-iVedas. Kule mibhalo yesandla umntu unokufumana enye ingqiqo yento ego. Ngokwale mfundiso, u-Ego wamanga yinto eyanceda umntu ukuba aqonde kwaye aphile kwihlabathi elingokoqobo. Eli gunya lenza umntu loo minqweno kunye nezizathu eziyimfuneko zokusinda kunye nentuthuzelo yakhe kunye nabantu abasondeleyo. Ngenxa yoko, le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-egoism.
U-Ego wenene udlula ngaphaya kwemiqathango yobuntu kunye nokuzimela, kunceda ukuthobela ihlabathi elijikelezile, ukuziva iingxaki zayo, ukunceda abantu. Ubomi, obusekelwe kwizenzo kunye neengcamango eziphuma kwi-Self yoqobo, ziba ziqaqambile kwaye zicocekile. Ukuze unqobe u-egoism kwaye uphile, ulandele i-"I" yinyani, ngamandla ayo akunakwenzeka. Isiseko salolu bomi luyothando oluphezulu lukaThixo.
Iinkqubo zokukhusela ze-ego
Umsekeli wenkolelo yeendlela zokukhusela nguZ. Freud. Kwizenzo zenzululwazi, wathetha ngeendlela zokukhusela, njengendlela yokukhusela i-psyche ukusuka kwingcinezelo ye-id kunye ne-superego. Ezi ndlela zisebenza kwinqanaba elincinci kwaye zikhokelela ekuphazamiseni inyaniso. I-Freud ikhethiweyo i-ego-protections:
- ukunyanzeliswa - ukususa kwimemori yolwazi oluphazamisa i-psyche okanye olungathandekiyo;
- ukubonakaliswa - ukudluliselwa kweengcinga kunye neminqweno komnye umntu;
- ukufaka endaweni - ukudluliselwa kwempendulo engalunganga kumntu oyedwa obangela ukuphendulwa komnye;
- ukulinganisa - inkcazo yokuziphatha okungavumelekanga ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ingcamango ngendlela efana nendlela yokuziphatha eqala ukubonakala iyamkeleka okanye yodwa inokwenzeka;
- ukuphinda - ukubuyela ekuziphatheni okuphawulekayo komncinci;
- i-sublimation-ukuhanjisa iimpembelelo ezingabangela ukungazinzi kwimisebenzi evunyiweyo yentlalo;
- Imfundo yokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo kukubonakaliswa kokuziphatha ngokuphambene neminqweno enomntu;
- ukukhanyela - ukwenqaba ukufumana iziganeko ezingathandekiyo okanye iingcinga.
Indlela yokufumana i-Ego?
I-ego yabantu izalwa ngokubonakala komntu kweli hlabathi. Kulo lonke ubomi, lunokutshintsha isalathiso, sizalwe ngokutsha ngokuzingca. Owesilisa nomfazi u-Ego ufuna ukuba ihlabathi lonke liqwalaselwe ngqalelo, kuba lizijonga ngokuba liziko leMveli. Iinkolo zeentlanga ezahlukeneyo ziyavuma ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba unqobe ugobe olungenangqiqo ngamandla akho. Ungakwazi ukujongana nayo kuphela ngoncedo lwamandla angaphezu koThixo. Unako ukufumana ukuphakama okuphezulu ngokwenza izinto zokomoya rhoqo, ukufunda iincwadi zokomoya kunye nokuziphucula.
Indlela yokuhlawula i-Ego yakho?
Ukuphikisana nomntu ngowomnye wemisebenzi nzima kunabo bonke abantu. Ukuba umntu une-Ego, ehlonyelwe ngumonde, umsindo, umona, iimpembelelo eziphathekayo, uya kulwa nale nxalenye yobuntu bakhe bude kwaye bunzima. Into yokuqala efunekayo ukuzinzisa i-Ego yakho kukuqonda ukuba kuzingca, kungaphantsi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda oko kukhokelela kuyo, ukuqonda zonke iimfuno zabo, iiminqweno, iinjongo kunye nezizathu. Emva koko, kufuneka ukhethe indlela ongasebenza ngayo kwi-Ego yakho. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa iinkqubo zokomoya okanye iinkqubo zengqondo ukuze usebenze ngokwakho.
Iincwadi malunga ne-Ego
Isixa esikhulu solwazi malunga nobuntu lwangaphakathi luqokelelwe kwiincwadi ezinjalo:
- Z. Freud "mna kunye" . Le ncwadi ihlola amandla e-Ego, intsingiselo yayo kunye nokuxhamla kunye necandelo le-psyche.
- A. Freud "Psychology of Me kunye neendlela zokukhusela . " Ukongeza kokucinga malunga neengxenye ze-psyche kule ncwadi, unokufumana inkcazo ecacileyo yeendlela zokukhusela.
- E. Erickson "Ubume kunye nomjikelezo wobomi" . Incwadi ichaza ngokucacileyo ingcamango ephambili yeengqondo ze-Erickson -zisi.
- E. Hartmann "Ifilosofi yengqondo . " Ngomsebenzi wakhe, umbhali uzame ukudibanisa iingcamango ezahlukeneyo malunga nokungazi kunye no-ego yakhe.